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Vulnerability Factors of Afghan Rural Women to Disasters

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2019年第4期10卷 573-590页

作者： Marina Hamidazada ana Maria Cruz Muneta Yokomatsu Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI) Kyoto UniversityKyoto 611-0011 Japan

Disaster management is a global challenge, but disasters do not affect men and women equally. In most of the world’s disasters, more females are impacted than males, and in Afghanistan the disparity between female and male victims is even greater. This study identifies and maps the relationships between the factors that make Afghan rural women more vulnerable to natural hazard-induced disasters. Data for this study were obtained through focus group discussions with rural women and men, as well as person-to-person interviews with employees of government and nongovernmental organizations at the national and local levels in Afghanistan. The study uses Grounded Theory and Interpretive Structural Modeling, not widely used before for this type of study, to analyze the data collected and to map the factors of vulnerability identified and their relationships. In agreement with previous studies,our findings show that insufficient disaster education,inadequate protection measures, and powerful cultural issues, both pre-and post-disaster, increase women’s vulnerability during and after disasters. In particular, cultural issues play a role after disasters by affecting women’s security, access to disaster aid, and health care. The study also found that perception regarding these cultural issues and how they affect women during disasters differs among men and women. Finally, by using Interpretive Structural Modeling, we show how the importance of the factors and their interrelationships change in predisaster and post-disaster situations. We conclude the article with some policy recommendations such as finding ways to allow women to participate in disaster planning activities and decision-making processes related to disaster risk reduction, as well as securing dedicated funds for the mainstreaming of gender in disaster risk reduction policies in Afghanistan.

关键词： Afghanistan Disaster vulnerability Gender roles Grounded Theory Rural area Women’s vulnerability

Spherical f-Tilings by Two Noncongruent Classes of Isosceles Triangles-Ⅱ

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2014年第8期30卷 1435-1464页

作者： ana BREDA Robert DAWSON Patrícia RIBEIRO Department of Mathematics University of Aveiro Department of Mathematics and Computing Science Saint Mary’s University Halifax Department of Mathematics EST SetbalPolytechnic Institute of Setbal

In this work,we give a complete classification of spherical dihedral f-tilings when the prototiles are two noncongruent isosceles triangles with certain adjacency *** it will be shown,this class is composed by two dis... 详细信息

关键词： Spherical tilings dihedral triangulations f-tilings spherical trigonometry

PM_(2.5) chemical composition and health risks by inhalation near a chemical complex

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 860-874页

作者： Celia Alves Margarita Evtyugina Estela Vicente ana Vicente Ismael Casotti Rienda ana Sanchez de la Campa Mario Tome Iola Duarte Department of Environment Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies(CESAM)University of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Associate Unit CSIC-University of Huelva“Atmospheric Pollution” Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry-CIQSOUniversity of HuelvaE21071 HuelvaSpain Department of Mining MechanicEnergetic and Construction EngineeringETSIUniversity of Huelva21071 HuelvaSpain PROMETHEUS School of Technology and Management(ESTG)Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo4900-348 Viana do CasteloPortugal Department of Chemistry CICECO-Aveiro Institute of MaterialsUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal

Particulate matter(PM_(2.5))samples were collected in the vicinity of an industrial chemical pole and analysed for organic and elemental carbon(OC and EC),47 trace elements and around 150 organic *** average,OC and EC accounted for 25.2% and 11.4% of the PM_(2.5) mass,*** compounds comprised polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),alkylated PAHs,anhydrosugars,phenolics,aromatic ketones,glycerol derivatives,aliphatic alcohols,sterols,and carboxyl groups,including aromatic,carboxylic and dicarboxylic *** factors>100 were obtained for Pb,Cd,Zn,Cu,Sn,B,Se,Bi,Sb and Mo,showing the contribution of industrial emissions and nearby major *** component analysis revealed that vehicle,industrial and biomass burning emissions accounted for 66%,11% and 9%,respectively,of the total PM_(2.5)-bound *** of the detected organic constituents are likely associated with plasticiser ingredients and thermal stabilisers used in the manufacture of PVC and other plastics in the industrial *** products of both anthropogenic(e.g.,toluene)and biogenic(e.g.,isoprene and pinenes)precursors were also *** was estimated that biomass burning accounted for 13.8%of the PM_(2.5) concentrations and that secondary OC represented 37.6% of the total *** lifetime cancer risk from inhalation exposure to PM_(2.5)-bound PAHs was found to be negligible,but it exceeded the threshold of 10−6 for metal(loi)s,mainly due to Cr and As.

关键词： PM_(2.5) OC/EC Organic speciation Trace elements Cancer and non-cancer risks

Evidences of hydroxytyrosol as an anti-inflammatory agent in Parkinson’s disease:insights into the mechanisms of action

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第5期16卷 992-993页

作者： Ruth Hornedo-Ortega ana María Espinosa-Oliva Axe Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique(MIB) Unitéde Recherche OenologieEA4577USC 1366 INRAISVVUniversitéde BordeauxBordeauxFrance Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad de Sevillaand Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla(IBiS)Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSICSevilleSpain

Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases:Inflammatory processes play a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases,such as Parkinson’s disease(PD).Thus,neuroinflammation is involved in the progression and development of these diseases,becoming an important pathological *** cells,the“macrophages”from central nervous system,are the initiating cells of the innate immune response against different stimuli in the brain.

关键词： inflammation diseases insight

Subterranean termites （Isoptera： Rhinotermitidae）： Exploitation of equivalent food resources with different forms of placement

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 412-418页

作者： Juliana Toledo Lima ana Maria Costa-Leonardo Departamento de Biologia Instituto de BiocienciasUNESP-Univ Estadual PaulistaRio Claro-SPBrazil

Coptotermes gestroi and Heterotermes tenuis have been described as important urban pests in Brazil. The establishment of control technologies using baits that consider the social behavior of termites requires a better knowledge of their foraging behavior. Thus, this study analyzed the feeding behavior of these species with three different forms of food placement： food on the surface of a substrate and food either partially or completely buried in the substrate. Experimental arenas were composed of a central chamber connected to three food chambers. Each central chamber contained 550 foragers of C. gestroi or 517 foragers of 11. tenuis. Blocks of Pinus elliottii were placed in the different food chambers. After 28 days, the consumption of each wood block and the percentage of foraging individuals recruited for food chambers were verified in relation to the total survival rate obtained for each one of the 20 replicates. Results showed that completely buried food was most consumed for H. tenuis and presented a higher recruitment rate of workers and soldiers for both species. Although the consumption had non-significant differences for C. gestroi, these termites exhibited a tendency to prefer completely buried food. In these conditions, it can be concluded that the forms of food placement used in the present research influenced the recruitment of individuals for both species. Data also suggests that when the foraging subterranean termites find food resources in the tunneling substrate, they tend to concentrate their efforts on it, a behavior regime that reduces exposure to external environment.

关键词： Coptotermes gestroi feeding behavior foraging behavior Heterotermes tenuis

Overcoming mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第7期18卷 1486-1488页

作者： João Pessoa ana I.Duarte CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and BiotechnologyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal

Due to their intense electrical activity,neurons have high energy *** requirement makes them particularly sensitive to mitochondrial *** all eukaryotic cells,neurons have intrinsic mechanisms to mitigate the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction and its consequent production of toxic *** such(neuro)protective mechanisms,mitochondrial autophagy(mitophagy)is responsible for the removal of dysfunctional *** inhibition of mitophagy,together with insufficient mitochondrial activity,results in a shortage of adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)(Simmons et al.,2020).

关键词： protective dysfunction intense

TET2, an “ambiguous” player in inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1481-1482页

作者： ana María Espinosa-Oliva Miguel Angel Burguillos Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Facultad de Farmacia Universidad de Sevilla and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS) Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC

Microglial cells,the“macrophages”from the central nervous system(CNS),perform a variety of roles necessary to keep the homeostasis in the healthy ***,microglial cells are best known for their role as“first responders”through initiation of an innate immune response against a wide variety of deleterious stimuli in the *** controlled inflammatory response is beneficial and disappears once the deleterious stimuli are gone.

关键词： inflammation homeostasis delete

Dietary(poly)phenol intake is associated with cardiometabolic health parameters in adolescents

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Emily P.Laveriano-Santos Sara Castro-Barquero Camila Arancibia-Riveros ana María Ruiz-León Rosa Casas Ramón Estruch Patricia Bodega Mercedes de Miguel Amaya de Cos-Gandoy Jesús Martínez-Gómez Gloria Santos-Beneit Juan M.Fernández-Alvira Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez Rosa M.Lamuela-Raventós Anna Tresserra-Rimbau The Zena and Michael A.Wiener Cardiovascular Institute， Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department de Nutrició， Ciències de l'Alimentació I Gastronomia， XIA， Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'alimentació， Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB)， Universitat de Barcelona Department of Internal Medicine， Hospital Clínic， Institutd'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS)， University of Barcelona Consorcio CIBER， M.P.Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)， Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) Mediterranean Diet Foundation 5. Foundation for Science， Health and Education (SHE) 6. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV) 9. Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos

Background: The protective role of (poly)phenols against metabolic disorders has been extensively studied in adults but not in ***: To assess associations of dietary (poly)phenols and their subclasses with cardiometabolic health parameters in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 944 individuals aged 11 to 14 years enrolled in the SI! Program for Secondary Schools trial (NCT03504059). (Poly)phenol intake was assessed using semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires and the Phenol-Explorer database. The measured cardiometabolic parameters were waist circumference (WC) age-sex z-score， blood pressure (BP) age-sex z-score， blood glucose (BG)， triglycerides (TG)， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Multilevel mixed-effect linear regression models were applied to examine the association between (poly)phenol quintiles and cardiometabolic health ***: Compared to the lowest quintile， adolescents in the highest quintile of total (poly)phenol intake had lower WC z-scores (β=-0.09， 95%CI=-0.09;-0.08， P-for trend=0.002)， mean arterial pressure z-scores (β =-0.11， 95%CI=-0.12;-0.09， P-for trend=0.206)， and HDL-c (β=-1.52， 95%CI=-2.90;-0.14， P-for trend=0.108)， after multivariable adjustment. The WC z-scores (β=-0.11， 95%CI=-0.19;-0.03， P-for trend=0.013) and HDL-c (β=-2.16， 95%CI=-3.78;-0.53， P-for trend=0.046) were lower in the highest quintile of flavonoid intake compared to the lowest quintile. The highest quintile of phenolic acid intake was associated with a lower WC z-score (β=-0.14， 95%CI=-0.26;-0.02， P-for trend=0.011) and TG levels (β=-8.83， 95%CI=-12.37;-5.30， P-for trend <0.001)， and the highest quintile of stilbene intake with lower BG (β=-1.83， 95%CI= -3.103;-0.64， P-for trend <0.001) and TG (β=-3.22， 95%CI= -4.95;-1.49， P-for trend=0.034)， and with higher HDL-c (β=2.328， 95%CI= 1.40;3.17， P-for trend=0.466) compared to the lowest quintile. Conclusion: A higher intake of (poly)phenols， espe

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Appetite for Natech Risk Information in Japan:Understanding Citizens'Communicative Behavior Towards Risk Information Disclosure Around Osaka Bay

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第3期13卷 372-390页

作者： Dimitrios Tzioutzios Jeong-Nam Kim ana Maria Cruz Department of Urban Management Graduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKyoto615-8540Japan Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication University of OklahomaNormanOK73019USA Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto UniversityKyoto611-0011Japan

Effective risk communication is essential for disaster risk *** from empowering communities to make informed risk choices,risk information disclosure can also drastically enhance their disaster preparedness,especially concerning conjoint scenarios of technological and natural hazards(Natech).A fundamental precondition is the actual demand for such *** study ventures to assess whether residents around Osaka Bay have this demand,or"appetite,"for risk information disclosure,as well as to understand their communicative behavior and perceived challenges in the Japanese context through the prism of the Situational Theory of Problem *** test this framework under realistic conditions,data were collected through a household questionnaire survey from two urban areas near industrial complexes in Osaka *** results show that identifying Natech risk information deficiency as a problem was not a statistically significant predictor for individuals'motivation to ***,their motivation increased as their perceived personal involvement with the situation rose,while the perceived obstacles in doing something about it exerted a negative influence on their ***'motivation intensified their communicative actions to solve this *** segmentation underscored the elevated public perceptions concerning the issue of risk information deficiency in nearly nine out of ten *** findings indicate a strong community appetite for chemical and Natech risk information,which subsequently led to high situational motivation to engage in communicative action,particularly information *** management policy is suggested to focus on introducing chemical risk information disclosure regulatory initiatives to encourage citizen engagement.

关键词： Japan Natech risk information Participatory risk management Risk communication Situational Theory of Problem Solving(STOPS)