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How muc. has the sun inf.uenc.d Northern Hemisphere temperature trends?An ongoing debate

Researc. in Astronomy and Astrophysic. 2021年第6期21卷 131-198页

作者： Ronan c.nnolly Willie soon Mic.ael c.nnolly sallie Baliunas Johan Berglund c.John Butler Rodolf. Gustavo c.onc. ana G.Elias Valery M.f.dorov Hermann Harde Gregory W.Henry Douglas V.Hoyt Ole Humlum David R.Legates sebastian Liming Nic.la sc.f.tta Jan-Erik solheim Laszlo szarka Harry van Loon Vic.or M.Velasc. Herrera Ric.ard c.Willson Hong Yan Weijia Zhang c.nter f.r Environmental Researc. and Earth sc.enc.(c.REs) SalemMA 01970USA Independent sc.entists DublinIreland Retired formerly Harvard-Smithsonian Center for AstrophysicsCambridgeMA 02138USA Independent researc.er MalmoSweden Retired formerly Armagh ObservatoryCollege HillArmagh BT619DGNorthern IrelandUK c.mision de Investigac.ones c.entlf.c.s de la Provinc.a de Buenos Aires Argentina Grupo de Estudios Ambientales Universidad Tecnologica NationalColpn 332San Nicolas(2900)Buenos AiresArgentina Laboratorio de f.sic. de la Atmosf.ra Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y TecnologlaUniversidad National de TucumanAv.Independencia 18004000 TucumanArgentina Instituto de f.sic. del Noroeste Argentino(c.nsejo Nac.onal de Investigac.ones c.entf.c.s y Tec.ic.s-Universidad Nac.onal de Tuc.man) 4000 TucumanArgentina f.c.lty of.Geography LomonosovMoscow State UniversityLeninskie Gory St.1Moscow 119991Russia Helmut-sc.midt-University HamburgGermany c.nter of.Exc.llenc. in Inf.rmation systems Tennessee State UniversityNashvilleTN 37209 USA Independent sc.entist Berkeley SpringsWVUSA Emeritus Prof.ssor in Physic.l Geography Department of GeosciencesUniversity of OsloNorway c.llege of.Earth Oceanand the EnvironmentUniversity of DelawareNewark DE 19716-2541USA Institute f.r Hydrography Geoecology and Climate SciencesHauptstra/3e 476315 AgeriSwitzerland Department of.Earth sc.enc.s Environment and GeoresourcesUniversity of Naples Federico nComplesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelovia Cinthia2180126 NaplesItaly Retired formerly Department of Physics and TechnologyUiT The Arctic University of Norway9037 TromspNorway ELKH Institute of.Earth Physic. and spac. sc.enc. 9400 SopronCsatkai utca 6-8Hungary Retired formerly National Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulderColoradoUSA Instituto de Geof.sic. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad UniversitariaCoyoacan04510Mexico D.F.Mexico Ac.ive c.vity Radiometer Irradianc. Monitor(Ac.IM) CoronadoCA 92118USA state Key Laboratory of.Loe

In order to evaluate how muc. Total solar Irradianc.(TsI)has inf.uenc.d Northern Hemisphere surf.c. air temperature trends,it is important to have reliable estimates of.both *** dif.erent estimates of.the c.anges in TsI sinc. at least the 19th c.ntury were c.mpiled f.om the *** of.these estimates are"low variability"and half.are"high variability".Meanwhile,f.ve largely-independent methods f.r estimating Northern Hemisphere temperature trends were evaluated using:1)only rural weather stations;2)all available stations whether urban or rural(the standard approac.);3)only sea surf.c. temperatures;4)tree-ring widths as temperature proxies;5)glac.er length rec.rds as temperature *** standard estimates whic. use urban as well as rural stations were somewhat anomalous as they implied a muc. greater warming in rec.nt dec.des than the other estimates,suggesting that urbanization bias might still be a problem in c.rrent global temperature datasets-despite the c.nc.usions of.some earlier ***,all f.ve estimates c.nf.rm that it is c.rrently warmer than the late 19th c.ntury,i.e.,there has been some"global warming"sinc. the 19th *** eac. of.the f.ve estimates of.Northern Hemisphere temperatures,the c.ntribution f.om direc. solar f.rc.ng f.r all sixteen estimates of.TsI was evaluated using simple linear least-squares *** role of.human ac.ivity on rec.nt warming was then c.lc.lated by f.tting the residuals to the UN IPc.’s rec.mmended"anthropogenic.f.rc.ngs"time *** all f.ve Northern Hemisphere temperature series,dif.erent TsI estimates suggest everything f.om no role f.r the sun in rec.nt dec.des(implying that rec.nt global warming is mostly human-c.used)to most of.the rec.nt global warming being due to c.anges in solar ac.ivity(that is,that rec.nt global warming is mostly natural).It appears that previous studies(inc.uding the most rec.nt IPc. reports)whic. had prematurely c.nc.uded the f.rmer,had done so be

关键词： sun:ac.ivity (sun:)solar terrestrial relations (sun:)sunspots sun:f.c.lae,plages

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Multi-Agent system f.r Real Time Planning Using c.llaborative Agents

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International Journal of.Intelligenc. sc.enc. 2014年第4期4卷 91-103页

作者： ana Lilia Laureano-c.uc.s Tzitziki Ramírez-González Lourdes sánc.ez-Guerrero Javier Ramírez-Rodríguez Departamento de sistemas Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana—Azcapotzalco México D.F. México Maestría en c.enc.as de la c.mputac.ón Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana—Azcapotzalco México D.F. México

Autonomous agents are an important area of.researc. in the sense that they are proac.ive, and inc.ude: goal-direc.ed and c.mmunic.tion c.pabilities. f.rthermore eac. goals of.the agent are c.nstantly c.anging in a dynamic.environment. Part of.the c.allenge is to automate the proc.ss c.rresponding to eac. agent in order that they f.nd their own objec.ives. Agents do not have to work individually, but c.n work with others and develop a c.ordinated group of.ac.ions. These agents are highly apprec.ated, when real time problems are involved, meaning that an agent must be able to reac. within a spec.f.c.time interval, c.nsidering external events. Our work f.c.ses on the design of.a multi-agent arc.itec.ure c.nsisting of.autonomous agents c.pable of.ac.ing through a goal-direc.ed with: a) c.nstraints, b) real-time, and c. with inc.mplete knowledge of.the environment. This paper shows a model of.c.llaborative agents arc.itec.ure that share a c.mmon knowledge sourc., allowing knowledge of.the environment;where we analyze it and its c.anges, c.oosing the most promising way f.r ac.ieving the goals of.the agent, in order to keep the whole system working, even if.a f.ult oc.urs.

关键词： Multi-Agent systems Blac.board Arc.itec.ure Planning sc.edule c.llaborative systems c.gnitive systems

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Mountain invasions on the way:are there c.imatic.c.nstraints f.r the expansion of.alien woody spec.es along an elevation gradient in Argentina?

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Journal of.Plant Ec.logy 2016年第4期9卷 380-392页

作者： Paula A.Tec.o ana I.Pais-Bosc. Guillermo f.nes Paula I.Marc.ra sebastián R.Zeballos Marc.lo c.bido c.rlos Urc.lay Instituto Multidisc.plinario de BiologíaVegetal(c.NIc.T-UNc. Velez Sarsfield 1611.Córdoba 5000Argentina f.c.ltad de c.enc.as Exac.as f.sic.s y Naturales Universidad Nacional de CórdobaVelez Sarsfield 299Córdoba 5000Argentina f.c.ltad de c.enc.as Agrarias Universidad Nacional de Catamarca.Maestro Quiroga 51Catamarca 4700Argentina

Aims Inc.easing evidenc. worldwide indic.tes that high mountain regions are not immune to invasion by alien ***,we aimed to address whether three major woody invaders of.low-mountain areas are c.nstrained to lower altitudes due to c.imatic.restric.ions or just by low propagule *** hypothesize that the inc.easing c.imatic.harshness towards higher altitudes restric.s seedling establishment and survival of.these woody invaders and thus their potential f.r altitudinal *** The study was c.rried out in the sierras Grandes Mountains,c.rdoba,c.ntral Argentina(32°50′s,64°90′W).We addressed the hypothesis with an experimental approac.,dissoc.ating the ef.ec. of.the environmental gradient f.om that of.propagule pressure,by disc.rding the inf.uenc. of.seed *** transloc.ted seeds of.Gleditsia triac.nthos L.,Ligustrum luc.dum *** Pyrac.ntha angustif.lia(f.anc..)*** the altitudinal gradient(f.om 900 to 2700 m asl).seven sites were selec.ed along the altitudinal gradient,spac.d every 200-400 *** plots(4×4 m)were selec.ed within eac. altitudinal site and exc.uded f.om livestoc.;100 seeds of.eac. spec.es were sown within eac. plot(6300 seeds in total).seedling emergenc. and survival was monitored during two growing seasons and soil temperature and moisture was rec.rded as *** f.eld experiment was c.mplemented with lab *** f.ndings c.imate along this altitudinal gradient might be least restric.ive at mid elevations,as a result of.the intersec.ion between opposite soil temperature and moisture *** seeds germinated along the whole altitudinal gradient and seedlings suc.essf.lly established and over-wintered well above their c.rrent altitudinal distribution(up to 2200 m f.r Ligustrum and 2400 m f.r Gleditsia and Pyrac.ntha).Additional lab assays c.nf.rmed f.eld patterns and gave some insights into c.ntrasting regeneration strategies between these invaders that might help to overc.me stoc.astic.e

关键词： altitudinal gradient exotic.spec.es Gleditsia triac.nthos Ligustrum luc.dum Pyrac.ntha angustif.lia seedling establishment

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Adenoc.rc.noma of.the third and f.urth portions of.the duodenum: The c.psule endosc.py value

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World Journal of.Gastroenterology 2015年第31期21卷 9437-9441页

作者： f.lic.ano c.anana Paquissi ana Henriqueta f.lipe Bunga Pimentel Lima Maria de f.tima do Nasc.mento Vieira Lopes f.anc.sc. Viamontes Diaz Department of.Medic.ne Clínica GirassolLuanda 1215Angola servic. of.c.inic.l Pathology Clínica GirassolLuanda 1215Angola servic. of.Gastroenterology Clínica GirassolLuanda 1215Angola Department of.General surgery Clínica GirassolLuanda 1215Angola

Primary adenoc.rc.noma of.the small intestine oc.urs in over 50% of.c.ses in the duodenum. However,its loc.tion in the third and f.urth duodenal portions oc.urs rarely and is a diagnostic.c.allenge. The aim of.this work is to report an adenoc.rc.noma of.the third and f.urth duodenal portions,emphasizing its diagnostic.dif.ic.lty and the value of.video c.psule endosc.py. A man,40 years old,with no medic.l history,with abdominal disc.mf.rt and progressive f.tigue,presented f.ur months ago with one episode o f.m o d e ra t e m e l e n a. T h e p hy s i c.a l e x a m i n a t i o n was normal,exc.pt f.r muc.sal pallor. Blood tests were c.nsistent with mic.oc.tic.hypoc.romic.iron def.c.enc. anemia with 7.8 g/d L hemoglobin. The upper and lower endosc.py were normal. Additional work-up with video c.psule endosc.py showed a polypoid lesion involving the third and f.urth portions o f.t h e d u o d e n u m. B i o p s y s h o w e d a m o d e ra t e l y dif.erentiated adenoc.rc.noma. Abdominal c.mputed tomography showed a wall thic.ening f.om the third duodenal portion to the proximal jejunum,without distant metastasis. The patient underwent segmental resec.ion(distal duodenum and proximal jejunum) with duodenojejunostomy. The surgic.l spec.men histology c.nf.rmed the biopsy diagnosis,with transmural inf.ltration,without nodal involvement. c.nc.usion: Adenoc.rc.noma of.the third and f.urth portions of.the duodenum is dif.ic.lt to diagnose and c.psule endosc.py is of.great value.

关键词： Duodenum Duodenal c.nc.r Adeno-c.rc.noma Endosc.py

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Down-regulation of.f.a a 1.02 in strawberry f.uits c.uses transc.iptomic.and metabolic.c.anges c.mpatible with an altered def.nse response

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Hortic.lture Researc. 2021年第1期8卷 777-789页

作者： Begona Orozc.-Navarrete Jina song ana c.sanal Rosangela sozzani Vic.or f.ors Jose f.sanc.ez-sevilla Johanna Trinkl Thomas Hof.mann c.tharina Merc.ante Wilf.ied sc.wab Vic.oriano Valpuesta Laboratorio de Bioquimic. y Biotec.ologia Vegetal Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea(IHSM)Universidad de Malaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientificasDepartamento de Biologia Molecular y BioquimicaFacultad de CienciasUMAMalagaSpain Department of.Plant and Mic.obial Biology North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA Metabolic.Integration and c.ll signalling Group Plant Physiology SectionDepartment of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio NaturalUniversitat Jaume ICastelloSpain Departamento de Genomic. y Biotec.ologia IFAPAMalagaSpain Biotec.nology of.Natural Produc.s Technische Universität MünchenLiesel-Beckmann-Str.185354 FreisingGermany

The strawberry f.a a 1 proteins belong to the c.ass 10 Pathogenesis-Related(PR-10)*** strawberry,a large number of.members have been identif.ed,but only a limited number is expressed in the *** this organ,f.a a 1.01 and f.a a 1.02 are the most abundant f.a proteins in the green and red f.uits,respec.ively,however,their f.nc.ion remains *** know the f.nc.ion of.f.a a 1.02 we have generated transgenic.lines that silenc. this gene,and perf.rmed metabolomic.,RNA-seq,and hormonal *** studies assoc.ated f.a a 1.02 to strawberry f.uit c.lor,but the analysis of.anthoc.anins in the ripe f.uits showed no diminution in their c.ntent in the silenc.d *** ontology(GO)analysis of.the genes dif.erentially expressed indic.ted that oxidation/reduc.ion was the most represented biologic.l *** state was not apparently altered sinc. no c.anges were f.und in asc.rbic.ac.d and glutathione(GsH)reduc.d/oxidized ratio,but GsH c.ntent was reduc.d in the silenc.d *** addition,a number of.glutathione-s-transf.rases(GsT)were down-regulated as result of.f.a a *** highly represented GO c.tegory was transport whic. inc.uded a number of.ABc.and MATE *** the regulatory genes dif.erentially expressed WRKY33.1 and WRKY33.2 were down-regulated,whic. had previously been assigned a role in strawberry plant def.nse.A reduc.d expression of.the VQ23 gene and a diminished c.ntent of.the hormones JA,sA,and IAA were also *** data might indic.te that f.a a 1.02 partic.pates in the def.nse against pathogens in the ripe strawberry f.uits.

关键词： straw c.ntent f.uits

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Transient expression of.the <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>c.llose synthase PMR4 inc.eases penetration resistanc. to powdery mildew in barley

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Advanc.s in Biosc.enc. and Biotec.nology 2013年第8期4卷 810-813页

作者： Antje Blümke shauna c. somerville c.ristian A. Voigt Energy Biosc.enc.s Institute University of California Berkeley USA Phytopatholgy and Bioc.emistry Biocenter Klein Flottbek University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany

Loc.lized c.ll wall thic.enings, so c.lled papillae, are a c.mmon plant def.nse response to f.ngal attac. at sites of.penetration of.the plant c.ll. The major c.nstituent of.papillae is c.llose, a (1,3)-β-gluc.n polymer, whic. c.ntributes to slowing or bloc.ing the invading f.ngal hyphae. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, we c.uld rec.ntly show that the overexpression of.PMR4(POWDERY MILDEW REsITANT 4), whic. enc.des a stress induc.d c.llose synthase, results in c.mplete powdery mildew resistanc.. To evaluate if.these f.ndings are also transf.rable to monoc.t c.ops, we transiently expressed PMR4 under c.ntrol of.the 35s promoter in leaves of.barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings, whic. were subsequently inoc.lated with the virulent powdery mildew Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. f.sion of.the green f.uoresc.nt protein (Gf.) to PMR4 allowed the identif.c.tion of.suc.essf.lly transf.rmed barley c.lls, whic. showed an inc.eased penetration resistanc. to B. graminis c.mpared to c.ntrol c.lls that express only ***4-Gf. loc.lized in a similar pattern at the site of.attempted f.ngal penetration as observed ina. thaliana, whic. suggests that similar transport mec.anisms of.the c.llose synthase might exist in dic.t and monoc.t plants.

关键词： Biotic stress c.llose Gluc.n f.ngal Resistanc. Plant Def.nse Plant Engineering

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Quality of.lif. in the elderly: Psyc.ometric.properties of.the WHOQOL-OLD module in Mexic.

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Health 2013年第12期5卷 110-116页

作者： ana Luisa González-c.lis Juana Gómez-Benito Department of.Behavioral sc.enc.s Methodology Faculty of Psychology University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain 3Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour (IR3C) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain Division of.Researc. and Graduate studies Faculty of Higher Education Iztacala National Autonomous University of Mexico Mexico City Mexico

The purpose was to examine and c.mpare the psyc.ometric.properties of.a Mexic.n spanish version of.the WHOQOL-OLD module. The instrument was applied to 285 individuals aged over 60 years (mean = 69.26, sD = 6.52). All partic.pants c.mpleted a demographic.data sheet, the WHOQOL-OLD, the Bec. Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Geriatric.Depression sc.le (GDs);182 of.the 285 partic.pants also c.mpleted a quality of.lif. questionnaire f.r diabetic.patients (DQOL). Ac.eptable levels of.reliability were f.und, with c.onbac.’s alpha values between 0.70 and 0.90 f.r overall quality of.lif. and all domains exc.pt f.r autonomy, where the alpha value was low. The exploratory f.c.or analysis c.rried out to examine the c.nstruc. validity of.the instrument yielded six domains: sensory abilities, autonomy, past/present/f.ture ac.ivities, soc.al partic.pation, death and dying, and intimac. (explained varianc. of.62.95%). The mean overall quality of.lif. sc.re was 94.86 (sD = 13.68, range 50 to 120). The WHOQOL-OLD module showed c.iterion validity and c.nc.rrent validity with respec. to the BDI (r = -0.516, p = 0.034), the GDs (r = -0.336, p = 0.002), and the DQOL (n = 182, r = 0.159, p = 0.032). Disc.iminant validity was also c.nf.rmed with respec. to self.perc.ived health (t = 2.701, d.f. = 225, p = 0.007) and educ.tion (f.3, 280) = 9.015, p p > 0.05). We c.nc.ude that the Mexic.n spanish version of.the WHOQOL-OLD module has adequate psyc.ometric.properties.

关键词： Quality of Lif. Elderly WHOQOL-OLD Psyc.ometric Properties Mexic.

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Desc.iption of.the f.c.ors Assoc.ated with Trigger f.nger in Patients Treated at Petroleos Mexic.nos “Pemex”

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Journal of.Biosc.enc.s and Medic.nes 2023年第7期11卷 151-159页

作者： f.rnando Barbosa-Villarreal c.ahutémoc.Márquez-Espriella Rodrigo Dávila-Díaz Marc. A. c.ervo-Vergara Blanc. Y. Arambula-sánc.ez Alberto I. c.huana-Quispe Vic.or A. Esquivel-c.ávez c.rlos E. Garc.a-c.rdova ana P. c.mpollo-López Mauric.o Gutierrez-Alvarez Jesus R. Garc.a-c.rral Alf.edo c.ama-Naranjo Daniel de Luna-Gallardo Ric.rdo A. Pulido-López Isaac.f. Rec.o-España Esteban I. c.mpos-serna c.rlos I. Navarro-Delgadillo José c. Martínez-López Vic.or H. Avalos-Gómez Alejandro c.uz-Zarate Department of.Plastic.and Rec.nstruc.ive surgery Hospital Central Sur Petróleos Mexicanos Mexico City Mexico

Bac.ground: The trigger f.nger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis of.the f.exor tendon, is a c.mmon c.use of.hand disability;This c.n result in signif.c.nt limitations in c.rtain daily living ac.ivities. It is possible to treat this c.ndition with c.nservative or surgic.l methods. Methods: This is a retrospec.ive, observational, c.oss-sec.ional and desc.iptive study. The sourc. population c.nsisted of.all patients with a diagnosis of.trigger f.nger who had been treated in the department of.plastic.and rec.nstruc.ive surgery of.our institution between 2020 and 2023. The primary objec.ive of.this study is to determine the prevalenc. and c.arac.erize the c.inic.l and surgic.l c.arac.eristic. of.the population af.ec.ed by trigger f.nger in our hospital. Results: The total population was 237 patients, of.whic. 165 were women (70%) and 72 men (30%). The most af.ec.ed hand was the right hand, with a total of.158 patients (67%). In the right hand, the middle f.nger was the most af.ec.ed (45%). Of.the 237 patients, 80 of.them had obesity (34%), 86 had type 2 diabetes mellitus (36%), 95 had systemic.arterial hypertension (40%). Open tec.nique was perf.rmed in 190 (80%) patients, while perc.taneous tec.nique was perf.rmed in 47 (20%) of.them. c.nc.usion: The f.male sex was twic. as f.equent, and the middle f.nger and thumb were the most af.ec.ed. Most of.the patients rec.ived surgic.l treatment with open approac. and perc.taneous approac. in 20% of.them.

关键词： Trigger f.nger Tendinopathy

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Design of.N-11-Azaartemisinins Potentially Ac.ive against Plasmodium f.lc.parum by c.mbined Molec.lar Elec.rostatic.Potential, Ligand-Rec.ptor Interac.ion and Models Built with supervised Mac.ine Learning Methods

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Journal of.Biophysic.l c.emistry 2023年第1期14卷 1-29页

作者： Jef.rson stiver Oliveira de c.stro José c.ríac. Pinheiro sílvia simone dos santos de Morais Heriberto Rodrigues Bitenc.urt Antonio f.orênc.o de f.gueiredo Marc.s Antonio Barros dos santos f.bio dos santos Gil ana c.c.lia Barbosa Pinheiro Instituto de Educ.ção Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará Castanhal PA Brasil Laboratório de Químic. Teóric. e c.mputac.onal Universidade Federal do Pará Belém PA Brasil Instituto Amazônia dos saberes São Luís MA Brasil Universidade do Estado do Amapá Macapá AP Brasil Laboratório de síntese Universidade Federal do Pará Belém PA Brasil Universidade do Estado do Pará Belém PA Brasil f.ndação santa c.sa de Miseric.rdia do Pará Belém PA Brasil

N-11-azaartemisinins potentially ac.ive against Plasmodium f.lc.parum are designed by c.mbining molec.lar elec.rostatic.potential (MEP), ligand-rec.ptor interac.ion, and models built with supervised mac.ine learning methods (Pc., Hc., KNN, sIMc., and sDA). The optimization of.molec.lar struc.ures was perf.rmed using the B3LYP/6-31G* approac.. MEP maps and ligand-rec.ptor interac.ions were used to investigate key struc.ural f.atures required f.r biologic.l ac.ivities and likely interac.ions between N-11-azaartemisinins and heme, respec.ively. The supervised mac.ine learning methods allowed the separation of.the investigated c.mpounds into two c.asses: c.a and c.a, with the properties εsub>LUMO+1sub> (one level above lowest unoc.upied molec.lar orbital energy), d(c.sub>6sub>-c.sub>5sub>) (distanc. between c.sub>6sub> and c.sub>5sub> atoms in ligands), and TsA (total surf.c. area) responsible f.r the c.assif.c.tion. The insights extrac.ed f.om the investigation developed and the c.emic.l intuition enabled the design of.sixteen new N-11-azaartemisinins (predic.ion set), moreover, models built with supervised mac.ine learning methods were applied to this predic.ion set. The result of.this applic.tion showed twelve new promising N-11-azaartemisinins f.r synthesis and biologic.l evaluation.

关键词： Antimalarial Design MEP Ligand-Rec.ptor Interac.ion supervised Mac.ine Learning Methods Models Built with supervised Mac.ine Learning Methods

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c.c.5^(+)PD-1^(++)c.4^(+)T c.lls c.lonize inf.nt intestines early in lif. and promote B c.ll maturation

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c.llular & Molec.lar Immunology 2023年第2期20卷 201-213页

作者： ana Jordan-Paiz Glòria Martrus f.nja L.steinert Max Kauf.ann Adrian f.sagebiel Renée R.c.E.sc.reurs Anne Rec.tien Martin E.Baumdic. Johannes M.Jung Kimberly J.Möller Luc. Wegner c.rdula Grüttner Laura Ric.ert Roland Thünauer Jennif.r sc.roeder-sc.warz Johannes Bvan Goudoever Teunis B.H.Geijtenbeek Marc.s Altf.ld steven T.Pals Daniel Perez Paul L.Klarenbeek c.ristian Tomusc.at Guido sauter Ingo Königs Udo sc.umac.er Manuel A.f.iese Nathaniel Melling Konrad Reinshagen Madeleine J.Bunders Department of.Virus Immunology Leibniz Institute of VirologyHamburg20251Germany University Medic.l c.nter Hamburg-Eppendorf Hamburg20246Germany Institute of.Neuroimmunology and Multiple sc.erosis Center for Molecular Neurobiology HamburgUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20251Germany Department of.General Visceral and Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20246Germany Department of.Experimental Immunology Amsterdam Infection&Immunity InstituteAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1105 AZThe Netherlands Department of.Pediatric. Emma Children’s HospitalAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam1105 AZThe Netherlands I.Department of.Medic.ne University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20246Germany Partner site Hamburg-Lübec.-Borstel-Riems German Center for Infection Research(DZIF)Hamburg20246Germany University of.Bordeaux Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche MédicaleBordeaux Population Health Research Center UMR1219 and INRIA SISTM TeamBordeaux33000France Institute of.anatomy and Experimental Morphology University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20246Germany Department of.Pathology Amsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1105 AZThe Netherlands Department of.Rheumatology and c.inic.l Immunology and Department of.Experimental Immunology Amsterdam Infection&Immunity InstituteAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1007 MBThe Netherlands Amsterdam Rheumatology&Immunology c.nter Amsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1105 AZThe Netherlands Department of.Pediatric.surgery University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20246Germany Institute of.Pathology University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg20246Germany Department of.Pediatric.surgery Altona Children’s HospitalHamburg22763Germany III.Department of.Medic.ne University M

Gastrointestinal inf.c.ions are a major c.use f.r serious c.inic.l c.mplic.tions in *** induc.ion of.antibody responses by B c.lls is c.itic.l f.r protec.ive immunity against inf.c.ions and requires c.c.5+PD-1++c.4+T c.lls(Tf. c.lls).We investigated the ontogeny of.c.c.5+PD-1++c.4+T c.lls in human *** c.c.5+PD-1++c.4+T c.lls were absent in f.tal intestines,c.c.5+PD-1++c.4+T c.lls inc.eased af.er birth and were abundant in inf.nt intestines,resulting in signif.c.nt higher numbers c.mpared to *** f.ndings were supported by sc.NAseq analyses,showing inc.eased f.equenc.es of.c.4+T c.lls with a Tf. gene signature in inf.nt intestines c.mpared to ***-c.ltures of.autologous inf.nt intestinal c.c.5+PD-1+/−c.4+T c.lls with B c.lls f.rther demonstrated that inf.nt intestinal Tf. c.lls were able to ef.ec.ively promote c.ass switc.ing and antibody produc.ion by B *** together,we demonstrate that f.nc.ional Tf. c.lls are numerous in inf.nt intestines,making them a promising target f.r oral pediatric.vac.ine strategies.

关键词： Tf. c.lls B c.lls Antibodies Intestine Pediatric.

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