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Carotid Artery Cut-Down in Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization: When and How?

Congenital Heart Disease 2022年第3期17卷 313-323页

作者： Onur Doyurgan Osman Akdeniz FatihÖzdemir Yigit kılıc Bedri Aldudak Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital Pediatric Cardiovascular SurgeryDiyarbakirTurkiye Firat Universitesi Pediatric CardiologyElazigTurkiye Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital Pediatric CardiologyDiyarbakirTurkiye

Background:Vascular access used for pediatric cardiac catheterization is one of the most important factors that affects the success of the *** aimed to compare the effect,success,and complications of cardiac catheterizations performed by carotid cut-down or femoral puncture in newborns or young ***:We included who underwent catheterization in our department between 28 January 2017 and 15 April *** patients underwent balloon aortic valvuloplasty,balloon coarctation angioplasty,ductal stenting,diagnostic procedures for aortic arch pathologies,and modified Blalock-Taussig in-shunt *** were divided into two groups:femoral puncture(group=1)and carotid cut-down(CC,group=2).Results:Seventy-two catheterization procedures were performed in 64 patients;32(44.4%)were performed via the femoral approach and 40(55.6%)were performed via the carotid ***(22.2%)procedures were diagnostic and 56(77.8%)procedures were *** was performed in 13(32.5%)patients with failed femoral *** in the CC group had shorter durations of procedure,vascular access,and anesthesia,compared with the femoral access group(80.9 and 116.2 min,p=0.001;12.9 and 22.5 min,p=0.001;140.9 and 166.6 min,p=0.001,respectively).Patients who underwent CC had fewer complications than did patients in the femoral access group(2.5%and 21.8%,respectively;p=0.01);larger sheats were used in CC patients(p=0.028).Conclusion:The carotid artery can be successfully used as a primary catheterization route,particularly in patients with small body weight and patients who require rapid vascular access,or stenting of the vertical duct.

关键词： Cardiac catheterization carotid artery cut-down pediatric cardiology surgery

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MEASUREMENT OF THE EFFICIENCY OF EVACUATED TUBE SOLAR COLLECTORS UNDER VARIOUS OPERATING CONDITIONS

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Journal of Green Building 2012年第3期7卷 114-130页

作者： S.E.Zubriski k.J.Dick Department of Biosystems Engineering University of ManitobaWinnipegCanada

The operating efficiency of evacuated tubes themselves under varying environmental conditions and installation scenarios,independent of water and space heating auxiliary equipment,are not readily available ***,Manitoba specific data has not been *** purpose of this research program was to measure the efficiency of evacuated tube solar collectors under various operating conditions including:the angle of inclination towards the incident solar radiation,heat transfer fluid flow rate,glazing installation,and number of evacuated *** operating conditions and configurations were chosen to represent realistic or probable installation scenarios and environmental ***,the research aimed to identify the suitability of evacuated tube solar collectors to each of the *** design values are of use for appropriate sizing of water or space heating systems,system configuration and optimization,and calculation of return on *** scope of the research project was limited to the efficiency of various configurations of a 32-tube panel,not the entire solar domestic hot water or space heating ***,factors such as heat loss in the tubing,solar storage tank,and heat exchanger efficiency were not *** findings indicated that efficiency varied by approximately 5%between the different collector configurations,as observed from the overlay graph of *** the efficiency of a collector is considered within a system it is proposed that effectiveness may be a better measure of overall performance.

关键词： solar collector evacuated tube solar hot water

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Conservation and character defining elements of historical towns： A comparative study of Cape Coast and Elmina streets and castles

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2018年第1期7卷 37-55页

作者： R.A. Oppong A.B. Marful Y.k. Sarbeng Department of Architecture College of Art and Built Environment Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi Ghana

The concept of historical conservation and character definition is reflected in the Liverpool Street of Elmina and kingsway Street of Cape Coast in Ghana. The features of these streets are changing owing to urbanization and to the development of commercial retail. In this study, we investigated the character-defining features of kingsway Street and Liverpool Street within an 800 m radius relative to the Cape Coast and Elmina Castles, respectively, which are known for their landmark rotes as historical artifacts. We adopted a combination of mapping, philology, and fractal geometry to assess the character-defining features of each street. The key changes in the features of the two streets and the similarities between these features are emphasized in our results. The features of both streets have undergone rapid changes in terms of economic retail activities, which represent the central element defining the characters of these streets. Furthermore, the 18th and 19th century architecture along these streets is gradually losing their original features because of undocumented and unguided renovations, as well as retrofitting works that are based on the discretion and taste of building owners.

关键词： Historical Principat street Conservation Etmina Cape Coast

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中国区域蒸发潜力不均性发展趋势及其气候成因分析

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地球物理学报 2011年第3期54卷 634-642页

作者：徐兴奎 LEVY Jason k 中国科学院大气物理研究所国际气候与环境科学中心北京100029 L. Douglas Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs Virginia Commonwealth University 923 W. Franklin St. Richmond VA 23284 United States of America

气象台站20 cm蒸发皿观测资料自然正交分解显示,1980～2000年中国区域气温显著增加期间,长江中游至河套、东北等区域地表年蒸发潜力呈增加趋势;相反在长江以南、东部和西南等地区年蒸发潜力呈下降趋势.辐射观测资料分析结果表明,自20世... 详细信息

气象台站20 cm蒸发皿观测资料自然正交分解显示,1980～2000年中国区域气温显著增加期间,长江中游至河套、东北等区域地表年蒸发潜力呈增加趋势;相反在长江以南、东部和西南等地区年蒸发潜力呈下降趋势.辐射观测资料分析结果表明,自20世纪70年代中国区域太阳入射能整体呈下降趋势,因此对于蒸发潜力增加的地区,太阳辐射产生的热力作用并不是决定蒸发潜力发展趋势的唯一原因.通过对大气风动力和干燥力等因子的分析证实,大气动力作用是造成中国区域地表蒸发潜力空间不均性分布的主要原因.同时1980～2000年NOAAAVHRR遥感数据分析结果也表明,地表覆盖类型的变换以及植被覆盖率的下降,引发的地表热力作用和地表物理性质变化,是造成蒸发潜力空间分布不均性加大的另一项重要原因.

关键词：蒸发潜力热力作用动力作用归一化植被指数

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Comparing the impacts of mature spruce forests and grasslands on snow melt,water resource recharge,and run-off in the northern boreal environment

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2015年第1期3卷 50-56页

作者： Jiříkremsa Josef křeček Eero kubin Watershed Authority of the Elbe River Víta Nejedlého 951/8CZ-50003 Hradec KrálovéCzech Republic Department of Hydrology Czech Technical University in PragueThákurova 7CZ-16629 Prague 6Czech Republic Natural Resources Institute Finland Natural Resources and BioproductionPO Box 413FI-90014 University of OuluFinland

Snow-melt runoff is an important factor in control of flooding and soil erosion in higher and cold regions of the *** 1992-2008-2008,processes of snow accumulation and melting were monitored at two adjacent sites of the Paljakka environmental research centre(Finland).The forest stand of mature spruce(Picea abies)has been compared with adjacent,local,and open *** the forest,snowpack duration fluctuated for 180-245 days,with a maximum depth of 78-152 cm and snow-water content of 167-406 mm,while in the open grassland this occurred for some 20 days less,with maximum depth 65-122 cm,and snow-water content 143-288 *** snow-water captured in the canopy reached a maximum 27%of that registered on the ground;the loss of intercepted snow by sublimation was approximately 26% of the annual *** the high melt period(April-May),the degree-day factor in the forest stand achieved 60%of values observed in the grassland(2.3-3.5 against 3.8-6.0 mm℃^(-1)day^(-1)).The hydrological model BROOk 90 was employed to analyse potential water resources recharge,and flood risk at *** the normal climate season,snow-melt runoff from the forest exceeded the grassland by 22%(225 against 185 mm).In extreme situations,the maximum daily runoff from snow-melt in the grasslands(57 mm day^(-1))exceeded 2.6 times the values in spruce forest(22 mm day^(-1)).

关键词： Spruce boreal forest Snow-depth Snow-water content Canopy interception Snowmelt Degree-day factor BROOk 90 Runoff distribution

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Changes in forest structure, species diversity and spatial pattern following hurricane disturbance in a Piedmont North Carolina forest, USA

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第1期1卷 43-57页

作者： Weimin Xi Robert k.Peet Dean L.Urban Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 29599-3280USA The Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

Aims Large hurricanes have profound impacts on temperate forests,but owing to their infrequent nature these effects have rarely been examined in *** 1996,Hurricane Fran significantly damaged many long-term tree census plots in the Duke Forest on the North Carolina Piedmont,thereby providing an exceptional opportunity to examine pre-and post-hurricane forest compositional *** goal was to examine immediate,short-term(0–4 years)and longer term(;5 year)hurricane-induced structural,spatial and compositional changes in the tree population(stem d.b.h>1 cm)in the context of our detailed,long-term knowledge of the dynamics of these *** We surveyed stem damage and tree mortality in 34 long-term permanent plots(ca.70-year record;404–1012 m^(2))and 7 large mapped tree stands(ca.20-year record;5250–65000 m^(2))representing both transition-phase,even-aged pine stands and uneven-aged upland hardwood *** employed three types of damage measures to quantify stand-level damage severity:percentage of stems damaged,percentage of basal area lost and a‘stand-level damage index’.Second-order spatial analysis(Ripley’s k-function)was used to investigate patterns in tree *** findings Our study found hurricane effects on the structural attributes of Piedmont forests to be variable and *** in tree species composition,however,were *** was the major damage type for the overstory trees[diameter at breast height(d.b.h.)>10 cm]apparently due to the exposure of the crowns to high wind combined with heavy rainfall prior to and during the ***,juvenile trees and small trees(1–10 cm d.b.h.)of the understory and midstory were mainly damaged by being pinned or bent by their damaged large ***-induced tree mortality varied weakly among species,was positively correlated with pre-hurricane tree size and remained up to 2-fold higher than pre-hurricane background mortality 5 years after the ***

关键词： delayed tree mortality disturbance ecology hurricane damage d Hurricane Fran spatial point pattern analysis stand dynamics structural heterogeneity

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Community-based interventions for the prevention and control of helmintic neglected tropical diseases

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 206-222页

作者： Rehana A Salam Hasina Maredia Jai k Das Zohra S Lassi Zulfiqar A Bhutta Division of Women and Child Health The Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Brown University ProvidenceRIUSA Center of Excellence in Women&Child Health The Aga Khan UniversityKarachiPakistan Center for Global Child Health Hospital for Sick Children TorontoCanada

In this paper,we aim to systematically analyze the effectiveness of community-based interventions(CBIs)for the prevention and control of helminthiasis including soil-transmitted helminthiasis(STH)(ascariasis,hookworms,and trichuriasis),lymphatic filariasis,onchocerciasis,dracunculiasis,and *** systematically reviewed literature published before May 2013 and included 32 studies in this *** from the meta-analysis suggest that CBIs are effective in reducing the prevalence of STH(RR:0.45,95%CI:0.38,0.54),schistosomiasis(RR:0.40,95%CI:0.33,0.50),and STH intensity(SMD:−3.16,95 CI:−4.28,−2.04).They are also effective in improving mean hemoglobin(SMD:0.34,95%CI:0.20,0.47)and reducing anemia prevalence(RR:0.90,95%CI:0.85,0.96).However,it did not have any impact on ferritin,height,weight,low birth weight(LBW),or ***-based delivery significantly reduced STH(RR:0.49,95%CI:0.39,0.63)and schistosomiasis prevalence(RR:0.50,95%CI:0.33,0.75),STH intensity(SMD:−0.22,95%CI:−0.26,−0.17),and anemia prevalence(RR:0.87,95%CI:0.81,0.94).It also improved mean hemoglobin(SMD:0.24,95%CI:0.16,0.32).We did not find any conclusive evidence from the quantitative synthesis on the relative effectiveness of integrated and non-integrated delivery strategies due to the limited data available for each ***,the qualitative synthesis from the included studies supports community-based delivery strategies and suggests that integrated prevention and control measures are more effective in achieving greater coverage compared to the routine vertical delivery,albeit it requires an existing strong healthcare *** evidence suggests that effective community-based strategies exist and deliver a range of preventive,promotive,and therapeutic interventions to combat helminthic neglected tropical diseases(NTDs).However,there is a need to implement and evaluate efficient integrated programs with the existing disease control programs on a larger scal

关键词： Neglected tropical diseases Soil-transmitted helminthiasis Community-based interventions

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Comparative evaluation of roundabout capacities under heterogeneous traffic conditions

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2015年第4期23卷 310-324页

作者： Ramu Arroju Hari krishna Gaddam Lakshmi Devi Vanumu k.Ramachandra Rao Department of Civil Engineering IIT Delhi Department of Civil Engineering and Transportation Research and Injury Prevention Programme (TRIPP) IIT Delhi

In heterogeneous traffic conditions, roundabout capacity is described by vehicle and driver characteristics which are different from traffic conditions in homogeneous conditions. In the present study, the capacity of the roundabout is determined using various capacity formulas such as gap acceptance models given by Highway Capacity Manual 2010 （US）, German model （2001）; empirical regression models given by TRRL （Uk） and weaving models given by IRC： 65-1976 （India）. In addition, microscopic simulation model like VISSIM （PTV Ger- many） is also used to derive capacity values. Unlike the other capacity estimation models, VISSIM is helpful in estimating capacity values using geometric and driver characteristics and it can also simulate heterogeneous traffic condition accurately. Capacity is estimated after calibrating the simulation model （VISSIM） developed for the roundabout. This is achieved by incorporating different vehicle classes to represent the heterogeneous traffic environment, driver gap acceptance, and lane changeparameters. All the required inputs were extracted from the video using semi-automatic data collection methods. Data are used for the estimation of capacity values from dif- ferent methods mentioned above and for the calibration and validation of simulation model. The capacity values esti- mated form various formulas except German model are distinctly different from the field values and they are either overestimating or underestimating. Analysis of these observations reveals that the capacity values from VISSIM and German models are nearly matching with the field capacity.

关键词： Roundabout Capacity VISSIM Simulation Heterogeneous

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Microstructure and pitting corrosion of shielded metal arc welded high nitrogen stainless steel

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2015年第3期11卷 237-243页

作者： RAFFI MOHAMMED G.MADHUSUDHAN REDDY k.SRINIVASA RAO Department of Metallurgical Engineering Andhra University Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory

The present work is aimed at studying the microstructure and pitting corrosion behaviour of shielded metal arc welded high nitrogen steel made of Cromang-N electrode. Basis for selecting this electrode is to increase the solubility of nitrogen in weld metal due to high chromium and manganese content. Microscopic studies were carried out using optical microscopy(OM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM). Energy back scattered diffraction(EBSD) method was used to determine the phase analysis, grain size and orientation image mapping. Potentio-dynamic polarization testing was carried out to study the pitting corrosion resistance in aerated 3.5% NaCl environment using a GillAC electrochemical system. The investigation results showed that the selected Cr-Mn-N type electrode resulted in a maximum reduction in delta-ferrite and improvement in pitting corrosion resistance of the weld zone was attributed to the coarse austenite grains owing to the reduction in active sites of the austenite/delta ferrite interface and the decrease in galvanic interaction between austenite and delta-ferrite.

关键词：耐点蚀性能高氮不锈钢焊缝金属电弧焊接研究组织屏蔽场发射扫描电子显微镜奥氏体晶粒

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Multiple common garden experiments suggest lack of local adaptation in an invasive ornamental plant

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第4期4卷 209-220页

作者： Susan k.Ebeling Jürg Stöcklin Isabell Hensen Harald Auge Department of Community Ecology UFZHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research(UFZ)Theodor-Lieser-Strasse 406120 HalleGermany Institute of Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106108 HalleGermany Institute of Botany University of BaselScho¨nbeinstrasse 6CH-4056 BaselSwitzerland

Adaptive evolution along geographic gradients of climatic conditions is suggested to facilitate the spread of invasive plant species,leading to clinal variation among populations in the introduced *** investigated whether adaptation to climate is also involved in the invasive spread of an ornamental shrub,Buddleja davidii,across western and central *** We combined a common garden experiment,replicated in three climatically different central European regions,with reciprocal transplantation to quantify genetic differentiation in growth and reproductive traits of 20 invasive *** ***,we compared compensatory regrowth among populations after clipping of stems to simulate mechanical *** Findings Our results do not provide evidence for clinal variation among invasive *** populations:populations responded similarly to the different environments,and trait values were not correlated to climatic conditions or geographic coordinates of their home ***,we did not detect differences in the compensatory ability of *** suppose that the invasive spread of *** has been facilitated by phenotypic plasticity rather than by adaptation to climate and that continent-wide shuffling of cultivars due to horticultural trade may have limited local adaptation so far.

关键词： Buddleja davidii reciprocal transplantation biological invasion geographic clines climatic conditions

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