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Profile of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients Hospitalized at the Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC) in Saint-louis, Senegal during the First Two Waves

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 322-337页

作者： Alassane Dièye Papa Latyr Junior Diouf Bourama Diémé Moustapha Diedhiou diatou dia-Gueye amadou diop dia Samba Niang ibrahima louis martin dieng Ameth dieng Seynabou Lô Ndéye Méry dia-Badiane Health Sciences Training and Research Unit Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Emergency Department of Regional Hospital Center Saint-Louis Senegal Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases of Fann Dakar Senegal

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 infection is a major public health emergency. Several risk factors are involved in the occurrence of respiratory distress that can lead to death despite resuscitation measures. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, and evolution profile of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized at the CTE of Saint-louis (Senegal) during the first two waves. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study that included all patients hospitalized at the ETC of Saint-louis (Senegal) with SARS-CoV-2 infection from March 2020 to April 2021. Results: A total of 358 cases were collected, 256 (71.5%) during the first wave and 102 (28.5%) during the second wave. The mean age was 49.5 years (19.5). There was a male predominance (58.4%), with a sex ratio of 1.4. Hypertension was the main comorbidity, with 87 cases (24.3%). The most common functional signs were cough in 194 cases (54.2%), dyspnea in 143 cases (40%) and ageusia in 134 cases (37.4%). Thoracic CT scans were performed on 20 patients (5.6%), with severe involvement (50% - 75%) observed in 50% of cases. Hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin was prescribed to 351 patients (98%). Overall, 338 (94.4%) recovered and 17 (4.7%) died. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with death were male sex [OR = 2.645;95% CI: 1.530 - 4.785;p = 0.011], age 60 years [OR = 1.039;95% CI: 0.564 - 1.914;p = 0.002], the presence of comorbidities [OR = 2.171;95% CI: 0.564 - 3.429;p = 0.033], SpO2 (ambient air) 95% [OR = 2.061;95% CI: 0.616 - 3.827;p = 0.03], acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [OR = 0.635;95% CI: 0.316 - 1.275;p = 0.001], severe form [OR = 1.664;95% CI: 0.298 - 2.478;p = 0.016], occurrence of complications [OR = 0.521;95% CI: 0.287 - 0.944;p = 0.032], high creatinine levels [OR = 2.061;95% CI: 1.616 - 3.827;p = 0.026], and lymphopenia [OR = 0.485;95% CI: 0.370 - 0.636;p = 0.0

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Saint-louis Senegal

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COVID-19/Tuberculosis Co-Infection at the Epidemic Treatment Center (ETC) of Saint-louis (Senegal): About 9 Cases

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 56-66页

作者： Alassane Dièye Moustapha Diedhiou Papa Latyr Junior Diouf Mba Bambo diakhaby Demba Makalou Samba Niang diatou dia-Gueye amadou diop dia.ibrahima louis martin dieng Seynabou Lô Ndéye Méry dia-Badiane Health Sciences Training and Research Unit Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Department of Medicine Saint-Louis Regional Hospital Saint-Louis Senegal Infectious and Tropical Diseases Clinic of Fann Dakar Senegal

Introduction: COVID-19 is a global public health emergency that can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome. In countries where tuberculosis (TB) is endemic, coinfection of COVID-19 and TB is often encountered, which increases the risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of COVID-19/TB coinfection at the Epidemic treatment center (ETC) in Saint-louis (Senegal) and to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, and outcome profile of co-infected patients. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive cohort study based on the records of COVID-19/ TB co-infected patients who were hospitalized at the ETC in Saint-louis (Senegal) over an 18-month period from March 2020 to September 2021. Results: Out of a total of 454 hospitalizations, we collected records of 9 patients co-infected with COVID-19/TB, resulting in a prevalence of 2%. The study included patients with a median age of 34 years (range: 10-86 years), with a male predominance (7 cases) and a sex ratio of 3.5. The majority of patients (88.9%) had severe forms of COVID-19. Dyspnea and cough were reported in all patients (100%). Pulmonary TB was the most frequent localization, with 9 cases. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by nasopharyngeal PCR in all patients (100%). Bacilloscopy was positive in 3 out of 5 cases. One patient tested positive for GeneXpert? MTB/RIF without rifampicin resistance. All patients were prescribed the hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin combination and anti-tuberculosis treatment. Out of the nine patients, four recovered (44.4%) and five died (55.5%). Conclusion: COVID-19/TB coinfection had a low prevalence in our cohort, but was associated with a high mortality due to the frequent occurrence of severe forms of the disease.

关键词： COVID-19 Tuberculosis Saint-louis Senegal

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Indications and Results of Thyroidectomies in Northern Senegal

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2018年第1期8卷 18-23页

作者： diatou Gueye dia Hady Tall Jacques Noel Tendeng amadou diop dia.ibrahima louis martin dieng ibrahima Konaté Faculty of Health Sciences Université Gaston Berger Saint-Louis Senegal Régional Hospital of Saint-louis Saint-Louis Senegal

Goiters account for a very high prevalence disease. In Senegal, surgery is a very important part of the management. Our aim is to determine indications and results of thyroidectomies at the regional hospital of St. louis. Patient and Method: We conducted a descriptive retrospective study over a period of 6 years on 81 records. All patients who underwent thyroidectomy during the study period were included. Computer software EPI INFO and Excel were used for collection and processing of data. Results: The average age of our patients was 40 years with a sex ratio at 0.05. The determination of TSH found 88.9% in euthyroid, 1.2% in hypothyroidism and 9.9% in hyperthyroidism. Thyroid ultrasound was performed in 97.5% of patients. Surgically, gestures performed were divided between the lobo-isthmectomies (43.1%), subtotal thyroidectomy (9.8%), total thyroidectomy (46.91%). The postoperative course was uneventful in all patients. The histology was benign in 88.9% of surgical specimens and found adenocarcinoma in 11.1%. Conclusion: Our study confirms the predominance of female thyroid pathology. The thyroidectomy which is getting better codified occupies an important place in the management. It offers the advantage around the problem of therapeutic non-compliance and also stockouts in our region.

关键词： Thyroid Disease Thyroidectomy Saint louis Senegal

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Subacute Hyperthyroidism Induced by Treatment with Lithium Salts

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Open Journal of Biophysics 2023年第2期13卷 29-33页

作者： Serigne Moussa Badiane Kalidou Gueye amadou diop dia amadou Barro Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences Gaston Berger University of Saint-Louis Senegal Department of Biophysics and Nuléaire Médicine Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal ENT Department Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

Lithium treatment is usually indicated in bipolar disorder. It is associated with hypothyroidism and very rarely with hyperthyroidism. We report here the results of the exploration of a case of thyrotoxicosis occurring during treatment with lithium salts. This was a 16-year-old patient with ongoing lithium treatment for two and a half years who presented with a thyrotoxicosis syndrome without a context of iodine overload or an episode of anterior cervical pain that could suggest subacute thyroiditis or orthopathic sign. The assessment of the exploration of this patient reveals biological hyperthyroidism without anti-TSH receptor antibodies, a normal ultrasound, and white scintigraphy which makes it possible to evoke the diagnosis of subacute thyroiditis (absence of the context of iodine overload). Note the interest in a thyroid assessment before and during treatment with lithium salts. Moreover, scintigraphy occupies a place of choice in the exploration of hyperthyroidism, particularly in the context of normal thyroid ultrasound imaging.

关键词： Hyperthyroidism Lithium Scintigraphy

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Connective Tissue Diseases on the Elderly Population in Dakar Hospital Setting

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2022年第2期12卷 103-111页

作者： Ndao Awa Cheikh Atoumane Faye amadou diop dia Nafissatou diagne diatou Gueye dia Birame Codou Fall Michel Assane Ndour Mouhamed dieng Maïmouna Sow Abdoulaye Pouye Department of Internal Medicine Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Department of Internal Medicine Regional Hospital of Saint-Louis Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Department of Internal Medicine DalalJamm Hospital Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Department of Internal Medicine Abass Ndao Hospital Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Department of Internal Medicine Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Immunosenescence contributes to the development of auto-antibodies. However, while the prevalence of some autoantibodies increases with age, the incidence of connective tissue diseases decreases with age. This study aims to determine the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of connective tissue diseases in the elderly population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study, from March 2010 to March 2021, in the Internal Medicine Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, including all the medical records of patients followed up for connective tissue disease and whose symptomatology began at an age greater than or equal to 65 years. Epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary data were collected from a pre-established survey form and then processed using SPSS software. Results: Overall, 22 cases were collected out of 275 seen on consultation. They involved 16 women and 6 men, aged between 65 and 85 years with a median of 70 years. The mean duration of the clinical picture was 15.7 months with extremes of 1 and 96 months. The clinical symptoms were joint pain in 21 patients associated with dry eye and mouth syndrome in seven cases and one patient underwent isolated dry eye and mouth syndrome. Joint involvement was deforming in 13 patients. Poor general condition was noted in 20 patients. Biology showed anemia in 14 patients, hyperleukocytosis (2 patients) and thrombocytosis (5 patients). The sedimentation rate (SR) was accelerated in 9 patients and the C-reactive protein (CRP) was positive in 12 patients. Immunology showed a positive Latex test (3 patients/6), Waaler-Rose reaction (8 patients/13), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) antibodies (11 patients/11), anti-nuclear antibodies (2 patients/4). Anti-extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENA) antibody testing in 4 patients showed positive anti-U1RNP (1 case), anti-SSA and anti-SSB (1 case). Plain X-Rays of the hands, wrists and feet

关键词： Connective Tissue Disease Elderly Rheumatoïd Polyarthritis Sjögren’s Syndrome Dakar

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Malaria Characteristics in Children with Sickle Cell Disease

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第1期12卷 125-130页

作者： Indou Deme/Ly Cheikh Binetou Fall Awa Kane ibrahima diop Aminata Mbaye Yaaye Joor dieng Denika Estelle Liapoui Idrissa Demba Ba Abou Ba Aliou Thiongane Papa Moctar Faye amadou Lamine Fall ibrahima diagne Ousmane Ndiaye Cheikh Anta diop University Dakar Senegal Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal

Background: The relationship between sickle cell disease and malaria is the subject of much controversy. However, there is a lack of data in our services. Our objective was to study the epidemiological, diagnostic and evolutionary characteristics of malaria in children with sickle cell disease followed in a specialized setting. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study of children with sickle cell disease (SCD) who presented with malaria and were followed at the Ambulatory Care Unit for Sickle Cell Children and Adolescents (USAD) at the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital in Dakar, from January 1st, 2017, to December 31th, 2019. We included all the followed pediatric patients, less than 16 years, with sickle cell disease who presented at least one episode of malaria, confirmed by a positive thick drop, during this 3 years. We did not include patients with incomplete records or those older than 16 years. The clinical and biological signs, the follow up was collected and analyzed with Excel package 2019. Results: Of 3773 patients followed for sickle cell disease, 21 had presented malaria. The frequency was 0.5% or 7 cases/year. However, we exploited the data of 14 of them. The sex ratio was 6 boys for a girl and the mean age at admission was 7.3 years. The highest number of malaria cases was observed in 2018 and the peak frequency was observed in November with 8 cases (57.1%). Fever was the most frequent symptom, observed in 10 patients (71.4%). All patients were SS homozygous, with a mean baseline hemoglobin level of 7.5g/dl. All patients had a positive thick blood smear and Plasmodium falciparum was the only species found in the blood smear, with a mean parasite density of 1693 parasites/ml of blood. All patients had anemia, with a mean hemoglobin level of 7.74 g/dl. Twelve patients (85.7%) were hospitalized and had all received injectable artesunate followed by oral Artemisinin Combination Ther

关键词： Malaria Sickle Cell Disease Children

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Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy: A Propos of 151 Cases Collected during a Multicentric Study in Senegal

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第1期13卷 50-62页

作者： Serigne Tawa Ndiaye Yaye Joor K. B. dieng Papa Moctar Faye Mohameth Mbodj Sofietou Dieye Khadim Bop Papa Souley Sow amadou Sow Ndeye Fatou Sow ibrahima diop Aziz Faye Sadio Konate ibrahima diagne Mousatapha Ndiaye Ousmane Ndiaye Centre Hospitalier National D’Enfants Albert Royer Dakar Senegal Centre Hospitalier Municipal Abass Ndao Dakar Senegal Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal Cheikh Anta diop University Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Bilirubin encephalopathy is a debilitating complication of severe neonatal unconjugated bilirubin jaundice. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of occurrence of this complication and to describe the diagnostic and prognostic aspects in Senegal. Materials and Methods: This was a multicenter, descriptive and analytical study conducted in 32 neonatal units of various levels, with retrospective (January to December 2020) and prospective (January to August 2021) collection. All neonates hospitalized for acute bilirubin encephalopathy were included. The diagnostic criteria were the presence of jaundice associated with neurological signs (muscle tone disorders, abnormal movements, convulsions, etc.), with no other obvious etiology found. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23 software. The significance threshold was retained for a p-value Results: We registered 151 patients. The mean age was 6 days and the sex ratio was 2.5 (clear male predominance). The majority of newborns were from Dakar (51%). Twenty-two (22%) were premature and 32% had low birth weight. Half of the newborns (50%) came from home and 87% were exclusively breastfed. The average time to consult was 3 days. Neurological signs were dominated by decreased primitive reflexes (74%), abnormal movements (59%) and lethargy (50%). Dehydration (30%) and anemia (26%) were often associated. The mean bilirubin level was 416 umol/l. Neonatal infections (19%) and Rhesus (16.7%) and ABO (8.7) incompatibility were the main causes. One third (33%) of patients had received intensive phototherapy and only 2% had received exchange blood transfusion. The case fatality was 48.9%. Conclusion: Bilirubin encephalopathy remains a major concern in Senegal. It is associated with high mortality and numerous neurological sequelae. Progress in terms of early detection and appropriate management is urgently needed on a national scale.

关键词： Icterus Encephalopathy Phototherapy Lethality

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Outcome of Unclassified Inflammatory Rheumatism: Observation of 7 Cases in Dakar

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2022年第1期12卷 22-28页

作者： Awa Cheikh Ndao Faye Atoumane diagne Nafissatou Fall Biram Codou dia diatou Gueye dia amadou diop diop Mohamed Sow Maïmouna Kane Baïdy Sy Boundia Djiba Pouye Abdoulaye Cheikh Anta diop University Dakar Senegal Gaston Berger Saint-louis University Dakar Senegal Department of Internal Medicine in Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Unclassified inflammatory rheumatism is persistent inflammatory arthralgias with or without synovitis without sufficient classification criteria for an inflammatory rheumatism or a well-defined connective disease. Their outcome is variable and has been little studied in Africa. We report the epidemiological, paraclinical and evolutionary characteristics of seven cases of indeterminate polyarthritis. Material and Method: From January 2012 to May 2021, we selected all the files of patients followed up for unclassified inflammatory rheumatism and in whom a precise diagnosis was retained during the course of the disease. The diagnosis of unclassified inflammatory rheumatism was retained after biological, immunological and radiological explorations without specificities. Our study took place in the Internal Medicine Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital (HALD). Results: Seven cases out of 274 consulted were collected. They consisted of seven women with an average age of 39 years at the time of the first consultation (extremes: 19 and 67 years). All seven patients presented with inflammatory polyarthralgia or non-deforming, non-erosive peripheral polyarthritis, without extra-articular manifestations. A biological inflammatory syndrome was present in all seven patients. Autoantibodies (rheumatoid factor, ANA, anti-ENA and ACPA) were negative in all patients. The first-line treatments in all seven cases were hydroxychloroquine (200 - 400 mg/day) and prednisone (5 - 10 mg/day). Methotrexate was added in 3 cases. During follow-up, 2 cases progressed to Polyarthritis Rheumatoid (PR) after 3 and 4 years. Two cases progressed to Sjögren’s syndrome after 4 and 5 years. Two patients progressed to systemic scleroderma after 5 and 8 years. One patient progressed to lupus after 5 years. Conclusion: Regular follow-up is essential in IAN. It allows the early diagnosis of IJR or a well-differentiated connective tissue disease and ensures adequate management, especially

关键词： Rheumatic Unclassified Rheumatoid Arthritis Connective Tissue Disease

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Characterization of Spatio-Temporal Variability of Irradiation, Nebulosity and Aerosols Optical Depth in 10˚North-20˚North African Band

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American Journal of Climate Change 2022年第2期11卷 155-171页

作者： Abdoulaye Bouya diop Abdoulaye Sy Malick Wade Abdoul Karim Mbodj Abdou Karim Farota Adoum Mahamat Moussa Babacar Niang Aicha dia diop Bara Ndiaye Bouya diop amadou Thierno Gaye Aboubakary diakhaby LSAO-MED Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal CERDI Clermont Auvergne University Clermont Auvergne France University of Tchad Djamena Tchad LPAOSF ESP Cheikh Anta diop Univesity Dakar Senegal

This work concerns the 10? North, 20? North African band. Area renowned for having some of the poorest countries in the world. It is also home to the Sahelian strip and part of the Sahara. The countries in this zone have a relatively low electrification rate compared to the enlightened country. To solve this problem, these countries want to turn to renewable energies such as photovoltaics (renewable energy obtained through solar radiation). Therefore, understanding the behavior of irradiation and cloudiness in the 10 - 20 band becomes necessary. The application of the empirical orthogonal functions to the different cloud layers and to the irradiation reveals a seasonality of the latter, in particular compared to the first modes of the empirical orthogonal functions (EOF1). Indeed, by filtering in time and space to isolate solar radiation and cloudiness, the EOF1 expresses respectively 94.3% of the variation of descending solar radiation in clear sky in the 10 - 20 band. Note 65.7% for global radiation, 54.4% for cloudiness at 450 hPa, 69.6% for cloudiness between 800 hPa and 450 hPa, 76.6% for low cloudiness, 61.4% for total cloudiness. These results allow us to say that we have generally good sunshine over several months, with little cloud cover in this band. However, since this zone is considered to be part of the main aerosol emission source zones, it is important in their temporal consideration of the optical depth. By doing the wavelet analysis on the optical depth data from Dakar and Banizoumbou, we note that the average dust presence spectrum over the entire period from 1997 to 2019 in the two stations with a slight shift compared to the peaks and the maximum observed value. A sign that there is a strong presence of dust in this area and that it should be taken into account for any photovoltaic installation in this area.

关键词： Sahel Irradiation Cloudiness Aerosol EOF Wavelet

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The Dust Comportment in the Latitudinal Band 10°North - 20°North in Africa: Emission and Deposition

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第5期10卷 139-159页

作者： Abdoulaye Bouya diop Abdoulaye Sy Abdoul Karim Mbodji Abdou Karim Farota Malick Wade Adoum Mahamat Moussa Babacar Niang Aichetou dia diop Bara Ndiaye Bouya diop amadou Thierno Gaye Aboubakary diakhaby Gaston Berger University of Saint louis Saint Louis Senegal University of Clermont Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand France University of Chad Ndjamena Chad Cheikh Anta diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

The three measurement periods: the TOMS Nimbus-7 TOMSN7L3 v008 from 1978 to 1993, the TOMS EP TOMSEPL3 v008 from 1996 to 2005 and the OMI OMTO3d v003 from 2004 to 2008 have allowed the presence of dust to be observed in the 10°North to 20°North latitudinal band (10 - 20 band) of Africa. The 10 - 20 band has a permanent dust presence. The AERONET data show AOD peaks exceeding 2 in Senegal and Niger (on an AOD scale). The statistical study reveals intra-annual relationships in deposition. In Senegal, a significant deposition is observed.

关键词： Dust Source Area AOD 10° North - 20° North African Band Deposition Sahel

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