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Journal of Plant Ecology 2021年第4期14卷 638-647页

作者： alyssa laney smith Daniel Z.Atwater Wonjae Kim David C.Haak Jacob N.Barney School of Plant and Environmental Sciences Virginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA Department of Biology Earlham CollegeRichmondINUSA Present address:Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA

物种内的遗传和表型变异对进化过程的影响已众所周知,但人们对种内变异如何影响群落水平过程还知之甚少。在人类对自然系统造成影响的大背景下,由于人类活动可能会产生巨大的选择压力,因此具有生态意义的种内变异可能会特别重要。在一... 详细信息

物种内的遗传和表型变异对进化过程的影响已众所周知,但人们对种内变异如何影响群落水平过程还知之甚少。在人类对自然系统造成影响的大背景下,由于人类活动可能会产生巨大的选择压力,因此具有生态意义的种内变异可能会特别重要。在一项温室实验中,我们研究了一种分布广泛的入侵物种和农业杂草石茅(Sorghum halepense)在受到种间竞争、种内竞争和土壤肥力的影响时,其在生物量和根茎方面发生的种内变异和生态型变异。与我们的预期和此前的研究结果不同的是,我们并没有在这一早期生命阶段中发现石茅各生态型生物量的改变。然而,我们确实发现石茅的生物量会随着竞争植株种类和土壤施肥方式的不同而发生很显著的变化,同时不同株之间也存在很大差异。农业生态型的根茎较其它生态型大了11%,经施肥处理后的增大幅度更高至3倍;虽然施肥后的根茎生物量增加了~50%,但生态型之间却并无差异。有趣的是,当受到种内竞争时,与玉米(Zea mays)发生种间竞争时的情况相比,石茅的生物量和根茎生物量产出分别减少了32%和20%。我们的研究结果表明,针对相邻植株的种类而发生的物种特异性竞争响应以及根茎分配的改变,石茅在受竞争时可能会产生适应性响应,从而使分配情况发生改变。

关键词：适应农业竞争外来入侵选择石茅(Sorghum halepense)

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Macrophage-targeted single walled carbon nanotubes stimulate phagocytosis via pH-dependent drug release

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Nano Research 2021年第3期14卷 762-769页

作者： Yapei Zhang Jianqin Ye Niloufar Hosseini-Nassab alyssa Flores Irina Kalashnikova Sesha Lakshmi Paluri Mozhgan Lotfi Nicholas J.Leeper Bryan Ronain smith Department of Biomedical Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA Department of Surgery Division of Vascular SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA Stanford Cardiovascular Institute StanfordCA94305USA Department of Radiology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the world.A driving feature of atherosclerotic plaque formation is dysfunctional *** the“don’t eat me”molecule CD47 is upregulated in atherosclerotic plaque cores,CD47-blocking strategies can stimulate the efferocytic clearance of apoptotic cells and thereby help prevent the progression of plaque ***,these therapies are generally costly and,in clinical and murine trials,they have resulted in side effects including anemia and ***,we developed and characterized an intracellular phagocytosis-stimulating treatment in the CD47-SIRPα*** loaded a novel monocyte/macrophage-selective nanoparticle carrier system with a small molecule enzymatic inhibitor that is released in a pH-dependent manner to stimulate macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic cell debris via the CD47-SIRPαsignaling *** demonstrated that single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)can selectively deliver tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor 1(TPI)intracellularly to macrophages,which potently stimulates efferocytosis,and chemically characterized the ***,SWNT-delivered TPI can stimulate macrophage efferocytosis,with the potential to reduce or prevent atherosclerotic disease.

关键词： macrophages phagocytosis single-walled carbon nanotubes tyrosine phosphatase 1(SHP1)inhibitor atherosclerosis

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Determining the utility of standard hospital microbiology testing: Comparing standard microbiology cultures with DNA sequence analysis in patients with chronic sinusitis

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2019年第2期5卷 82-87页

作者： Sarah K.Rapoport alyssa J.smith Maxwell Bergman Kelly A.Scriven Itzhak Brook Suzette K.Mikula Medstar Georgetown University Hospital Department of OtolaryngologyHeadεt Neck SurgeryWashington DCUSA Mayo Clinic Department of OtolaryngologyHeadεt Neck SurgeryRochesterMNUSA Georgetown University Medical School Washington DCUSA Medstar Georgetown University Hospital Department of Pediatricsεt Infectious DiseasesWashington DCUSA

Objective:To demonstrate DNA sequencing analysis (DNAsa) of sinus cultures in patients with CRS is a reliable method of detecting pathogens in polymicrobial CRS ***:After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval for this prospective cohort study,we selected a random sample of 50 patients with CRS at Medstar Georgetown University Hospital between September 2016 and March *** defined CRS as a history of rhinosinusitis refractory to maximal medical therapy and prior endoscopic sinus *** demonstrating active purulence in a sinus cavity were prospectively selected to undergo standard hospital cultures (SHC) and DNAsa *** identified in both methods were compared for each ***:Specimens were obtained from 29 female and 16 male patients with a mean age of 50 years.A total of 45 cultures were included in our final analysis;five cultures were excluded after inappropriate laboratory *** from these patients were compared and ***'s weighted kappa analysis showed agreement between the two testing methods in identifying predominant *** detected 31.9% more microorganisms compared to SHC (P < 0.05).When multiple microorganisms were detected,DNAsa yielded more positive results compared to SHC (P < 0.05).Conclusions:DNAsa detects all microorganisms identified by SHC as well as predominant microorganisms not detected by *** molecular pathogen identification may be more reliable for identifying multiple microorganisms as compared to standard culture techniques that identify only one or two *** recalcitrant cases of CRS,DNAsa may provide better guidance in selection of appropriate antimicrobial treatment.

关键词： Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) DNA sequencing analysis (DNAsa) Microbiome Molecular sequencing Microbiology culture

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Malignant melanoma in the pediatric population

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World Journal of Surgical Procedures 2015年第3期5卷 229-234页

作者： John Psaltis Eric Reintgen Ali Antar Mark Giori Leah Alvin alyssa Benjamin Bridget Budny Taylor Gianangelo Aaron Gruman Anna Stamas Michael Reintgen Rosemary Giuliano Jeff smith Douglas Reintgen Department of Surgery Morsani School of Medicine University of South Florida Department of Pathology Florida Hospital-N Pinellas

Controversial pigmented lesions in children are a problem for pathologist, clinicians and families that are confronted with this dilemma. Some skin lesions in this population defy diagnosis with pathologists split between a benign diagnosis and a cancer diagnosis. Three cases of controversial pigmented lesions in the pediatric population are presented. Three patients underwent radical resection of the controversial pigmented lesion, intra-operative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node(SLN) biopsy. Due to the low morbidity of the SLN procedure a case is made to perform lymphatic mapping in this clinical scenario. If the SLNs are negative, not much is lost except for the scar and this becomes another line of evidence that perhaps the original lesion was benign. If the SLN shows metastatic cells, then the original skin lesion must be malignant and the patient is offered stage Ⅲ recommendations that would include complete node dissections and adjuvant Interferon therapy. This strategy provides for adequate treatment of the worse-case scenario, that the skin lesion is malignant. The cost to the patient is a low morbidity procedure, the SLN biopsy.

关键词： Pediatric pigmented skin lesions Sentinel lymph node biopsy Melanoma

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