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Siwalik plant megafossil diversity in the Eastern Himalayas: A review

Plant Diversity 2023年第3期45卷 243-264页

作者： Mahasin ali Khan Sumana Mahato Robert A.Spicer Teresa E.V.Spicer Ashif ali Taposhi Hazra Subir Bera Palaeobotany and Palynology Laboratory Department of BotanySidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityRanchi RoadPurulia 723104India CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303PR China School of Environment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK Centre of Advanced Study Department of BotanyUniversity of Calcutta35B.C.RoadKolkata 700019India

The Eastern Himalayas are renowned for their high plant *** understand how this modern botanical richness formed,it is critical to investigate past plant biodiversity preserved as fossils throughout the eastern Himalayan Siwalik succession(middle Miocene-early Pleistocene).Here,we present a summary of plant diversity records that document Neogene floristic and climate *** do this by compiling published records of megafossil plant remains,because these offer better spatial and temporal resolution than do palynological *** of the Siwalik floral assemblages based on the distribution of the nearest living relative taxa suggest that a tropical wet evergreen forest was growing in a warm humid monsoonal climate at the deposition *** qualitative interpretation is also corroborated by published CLAMP(Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program) ***,we also reconstruct the climate by applying a new common proxy WorldClim2 *** allows the detection of subtle climate differences between floral assemblages free of artefacts introduced by using different methodologies and climate *** analysis of the Siwalik floras indicates that there was a gradual change in floral *** lower Siwalik assemblages provide evidence of a predominance of evergreen *** increase in deciduous elements in the floral composition is noticed towards the close of the middle Siwalik and the beginning of the upper Siwalik *** change reflects a climatic difference between Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene *** review helps us to understand under what paleoenvironmental conditions plant diversity occurred and evolved in the eastern Himalayas throughout the Cenozoic.

关键词： Megafossils Siwalik MiocenePleistocene Palaeovegetation Palaeoenvironment Eastern Himalayas

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受肾上腺素和巯基螯合剂影响的硫酸铜的溶血活性

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中国药理学报 1998年第3期19卷 203-206页

作者： Jan,aa Kongsvinger Hospital 挪威 Russian Medical University 俄罗斯 Vitamin Research Institute 俄罗斯

AIM:To study the effects of epinephrine, homocysteine, and other complexing agents on the cytotoxicity of copper sulfate.METHODS:In vitro suspensions of human red cells incubated with cupric sulfate were used, and hemolysis was determined by extracellular hemoglobin.RESULTS:The hemolytic activity of CuSO4 (0.3 mmol.L-1) was enhanced by the presence of epinephrine and to a lesser extent by homocysteine, whereas D-penicillamine, succimer, and mercaptodextran reduced the copper-induced hemolysis. The latter 3 chelating thiols also reduced the copper-epinephrine-induced hemolysis. The plasma protein ceruloplasmin reduced markedly the copper-epinephrine-induced hemolysis, even upon concentrations < 20% of that of copper. Chromic chloride, as well, acted anti-hemolytically.CONCLUSION:The latter protectors may interact with the production or activity of toxic oxygen, while classical copper chelators sequester cupric ions from interaction with epinephrine or homocysteine.

关键词：溶血硫酸铜肾上腺素巯基螯合剂

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Anti-ulcer potentials of phylum mollusca(tropical snail)slime

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2009年第3期2卷 23-28页

作者： Nwodo NJ Okonta J M Ezugwu CO Attama aa Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of NigeriaNsukka410001Enugu State

Objective:The effectiveness of the slimy substance in snail to regenerate and repair damaged areas on it body/shell lead to this ***:The anti-ulcer’property of snail slime extracted from phylur mollusca(tropical snail) from the giant African snail Archachatina marginata(***) was investi gated using histamine,stress and indomethacin-induced *** solubility profile of extract was investiga ted in different solvents and at different *** analysis was carried out to determine the type of constituents present in the slim,while acute toxicity test was carried out to evaluate its profile of toxicity The effect of the snail slim on gastrointestinal motility was investigated in mice,while the guinea pig ileum wa used to study the effect of the extract on contraction produced by acetylcholine and *** snail slim contained copious quantity of protein,with varying amounts of simple sugars,carbohydrates and *** slime was not soluble in most common solvents and increases in temperature,did not appear to increase its sol ***:The result further indicated that although the snail slime exhibited significant(P<0.05) an ti -ulcer induced by stress and histamine,it was most potent against ulcer induced by *** snai slime potently inhibited gastrointestinal movement in mice in a dose-dependent manner;however,it was not a ble to inhibit contraction induced by acetylcholine and histamine in guinea pig ***:The snai mucin possesses potent antiulcer properties without any toxic *** mechanism responsible for the anti-ul cer property may not be postulated with certainty but cytoprotective and anti-spasmodic activities are most likel to be involved.

关键词： Anti-ulcer activity Phylum moliusca Snail slime

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Thermal characterisation of PEGylated mucin

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第6期3卷 458-460页

作者： Momoh MA Adikwu MU Ibezim CE Ofokansi KC Attama aa Department of Pharmaceutics University Nigeria of NsukkaEnugu State

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of PEGylated mucin and its potential usage. Methods:Mucin was extracted from giant African land snails and PECylated mucin was prepared with different ratios of PEG 2000-Mwt and mucin（1:1,0:1,2:1,1:3 and 3:1 to form batch A-E） using solvent *** physicochemical properties of mucin were identified and the solubility of mucin was *** thermal properties of PEGylated mucin were measured by differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）.Results:Carbohydrates,proteins and trace amounts of fats were present in snail *** mucin powder was water-soluble at 30℃and more water-soluble at 35℃but not soluble;in acetone,ethanol,0.1 M NaOH,0.1M H2SO4 and 0.1 NH4OH was *** melting point Tm ranged from 58.58℃to 61.17℃, crystallization temperature Tc 37.08℃to 39.83℃,and glass transition temperature Tg 126.85℃to 138.39℃.The variation in Tm,Tc,and Tg with the composition in the PEGylaton showed that an interaction between PEG and mucin ***:This result can serve as a basis for further evaluation of the PEGylation method and be used for drug delivery.

关键词： PEGylation Mucin Matrices DSC

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Burden and outcome of human influenza in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第6期4卷 478-481页

作者： Rasul CH Bakar MA Mamun aa Siraz MS Zaman RU Department of Paediatrics Khulna Medical College & HospitalKhulnaBangladesh Department of Medicine Khulna Medical College & HospitalKhulnaBangladesh International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh

Objective:To determine the magnitude and outcome of influenza in southern part of Bangladesh and also to identify intrusion of novel influenza ***:This study was conducted for two years(2008-2009) in outpatient and inpatient department of both paediatrics and medicine discipline of Khulna Medical College *** and throat swab specimens were collected from each influenza like illness(ILI) case and kept together in a virus transport media and transported to international centre for diarrhoeal disease and research,Bangladesh laboratory. Influenza virus was detected by rRT-PCR including types and ***:A total of 526 patients were enrolled during the study period with the mean(SD) age of 19(17) years. Identification of influenza virus was 14%and positive cases were mostly found in under-five children(24%).The vast majority(88%) of influenza cases were found during April to September. Virus detection rate was higher in inpatient department(IPD)(21%) than in outpatient department (12%).The dominant virus type and subtype was influenza A(87%) and H3(49%),respectively. Type A was significantly higher than type B in causing severe illness compared to ILI(0R=7.04, 95%CI:2.76-18.7,Palized cases majority(77%) recovered completely except two cases that needed referral for additional ***: Influenza mostly affected under-five children and young *** peak season here was late summer and rainy season.

关键词： Influenza Burden Outcome Bangladesh

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Microstructural analyses of aluminum–magnesium–silicon alloys welded by pulsed Nd: YAG laser welding

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2020年第5期27卷 660-668页

作者： Hossain Ebrahimzadeh Hassan Farhangi Seyed ali Asghar Akbari Mousavi Arman Ghahramani School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of TehranTehran 11155-4563Iran

Revealing grains and very fine dendrites in a solidified weld metal of aluminum–magnesium–silicon alloys is difficult and thus,there is no evidence to validate the micro-and meso-scale physical models for hot cracks. In this research, the effect of preheating on the microstructure and hot crack creation in the pulsed laser welding of aa 6061 was investigated by an optical microscope and field emission electron microscopy. Etching was carried out in the gas phase using fresh Keller’s reagent for 600 s. The results showed that the grain size of the weld metal was proportional to the grain size of the base metal and was independent of the preheating temperature. Hot cracks passed the grain boundaries of the weld and the base metal. Lower solidification rates in the preheated samples led to coarser arm spacing;therefore, a lower cooling rate. Despite the results predicted by the micro and meso-scale models, lower cooling rates resulted in increased hot cracks. The cracks could grow in the weld metal after solidification;therefore, hot cracks were larger than predicted by the hot crack prediction models.

关键词： etching technique laser welding inter-dendritic spacing grain size aluminum–magnesium–silicon alloys hot crack formation model

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Quantitative determination of D_(4)-cystine in mice using LC-MS/MS and its application to the assessment of pharmacokinetics and bioavailability

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2021年第5期11卷 580-587页

作者： Shuning Li Zhenyao Lu Li Jiao Ran Zhang Yu Hong Jiye aa Guangji Wang Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingJiangsu210009China

Cystine is the primary source material for the synthesis of ***,the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of cystine are largely unknown.A surrogate analyte D_(4)-cystine was employed to generate calibration curves for the determination of levels of D_(4)-cystine and endogenous cystine in mice by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).Validation assessments proved the sensitivity,specificity and reproducibility of the method with a lower limit of quantification(LLOQ)of 5 ng/mL over 5e5000 ng/mL in *** pharmacokinetics of D_(4)-cystine were evaluated after administering injections and oral solutions,both of which minimally impacted endogenous cystine *** absolute bioavailability of cystine was 18.6%,15.1%and 25.6%at doses of 25,50 and 100 mg/kg,*** injected D_(4)-cystine resulted in dramatically high plasma levels with reduced levels in the brain and *** administered D_(4)-cystine resulted in high levels in the plasma and stomach with relatively low levels in the lung,kidney,heart and brain.

关键词： Cystine LC-MS/MS Pharmacokinetics Distribution Absolute bioavailability

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Physicochemical Properties of Amino Acids in Aqueous Caffeine Solution at 25, 30, 35 and 40℃

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2006年第11期24卷 1547-1553页

作者： ali, A. SABIR, S. SHAHJAHAN HYDER, S. Department of Chemistry Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) New Delhi-11 0025 India

Density, viscosity, and refractive index, for glycine, DL-alanine, L-serine and DL-valine have been determined in aqueous solution of 0.05 mol/kg caffeine as a function of amino acid （aa） concentration at 25, 30, 35, and 40 ℃ The density data have been used to compute apparent molar volume. The partial molar volume （limiting apparent molar volume） was obtained by applying the Masson＇s equation. The viscosity data have been analyzed by means of Jones-Dole equation. The values of Falkenhagen coefficient and Jones-Dole coefficient thus obtained are used to interpret the solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions, respectively. Hydration number was also computed. The transition-state theory was applied to obtain the activation parameters of viscous flow, i.e., free energy of activation per mole of solvent, and solute. The enthalpy and entropy of activation of viscous flow were computed for the system. Refractive index was used to calculate molar refractivity of the mixtures. The results have been interpreted in the light of various interactions occurring between the components of the mixtures under applied experimental conditions.

关键词： amino acid caffeine Falkenhagen coefficient Jones-Dole coefficient molecular interactions

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Earliest megafossils of scandent calamoid palms from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Central India and their paleobiogeographic implications

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 509-527页

作者： Sanchita Kumar Kaustav Roy Robert A.Spicer Mahasin ali Khan Palaeobotany and Palynology Laboratory Department of BotanySidho-Kanho-Birsha UniversityRanchi RoadPurulia-723104India CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303Yunnan ProvinceChina School of Environment Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Two well-preserved petrified palm stems from the latest Maastrichtian(Late Cretaceous) to earliest Danian(Early Paleocene) sediments of the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Madhya Pradesh, Central India are described. Their significant anatomical characteristics include a Calamus-type general stem pattern,the presence of well-preserved fibrovascular bundles(fvbs) with two wide metaxylem vessel elements(230 μm-250 μm) and one phloem strand, uniform density of fvbs, lack of continuity between protoxylem and metaxylem vessel elements, and an absence of centrifugal differentiation of sclerenchymatous fibrous *** features reveal a close resemblance to those of extant genera of scandent Calamoideae. The permineralized stems are described as a new species namely, Palmoxylon calamoides Kumar, Roy et Khan sp. *** fossils represent the oldest reliable fossil records of this family, supporting their Gondwanan origin, their importance in tracing their migration pathways from India to Europe and other continents after the docking of the Indian subcontinent with Eurasia during the Paleocene, and an “Out-of-India” dispersal hypothesis. Today the subfamily Calamoideae is disjunctly occurred in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and South America, but the poor deep-time fossil record of this subfamily with a small number of Cenozoic fossils makes hypotheses concerning its origin and dispersal difficult to evaluate. The present study has significant implications for the origin and migration of this subfamily and the paleoclimate.

关键词： Scandent Calamoideae Stem anatomy K-Pg Paleobiogeography Paleoclimate Central India

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Resolution pattern of jaundice among children presenting with severe malaria in rural South-West Nigeria

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第7期2卷 551-553页

作者： Osonuga OA Osonuga A Osonuga aa Osonuga IO Department of Pharmacology and Physiology University of Cape Coast School of Medical Sciences University of Cape Coast Department of Nursing University of Cape Coast Olabisi Onabanjo University Remo Campus

Objective:To compare the pattern of jaundice resolution among children with severe malaria treated with quinine and ***:Thirty two children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study from two hospitals with intensive care *** were divided into two groups:'Q' and 'A',receiving quinine and *** was assessed by clinical ***:Sixteen out of 32 children recruited(representing50%) presented with jaundice on the dav of *** mean age was(7.00±2.56) *** day 3,tour patients in 'A' and six patients in 'O' had *** day *** child had ***:The study has shown that hoth drugs resolve jaundice although artemether relatively resolves it faster by the third day.

关键词： Jaundice Quinine Artemether Severe malaria South-west Nigeria

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