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Propofol w.th Varied Functions: A Potential Therapeutic Opportunity for Postoperative Nausea, Vomiting and Pruritus—A Narrative Review

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第2期14卷 13-24页

作者： Thomas w. Anabah Fidelis Bayor David Z. Kolbila Terence Kunfire Dakurah Sylvanus Kampo Juventus B. Ziem Anaesthesia Unit Habana Medical Services Tamale Ghana Department of Anaesthesiology Lawra Municipal Hospital Ghana Health Service Lawra Ghana Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Medical Microbiology School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Background: Despite the advances in anesthetics and non-pharmacological techniques, the prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in all patients remains high. It is one of the most common distressing symptoms that cause dissatisfaction among patients after anesthesia and surgery. A sub-hypnotic dose of propofol has been show. to reduce morphine-induced postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pruritus. This review.article w.ll provide sufficient know.edge on the role of propofol in minimizing opioid-induced postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pruritus by providing detailed information on propofol antiemetic and antipruritic effects, as w.ll as discussions based on empirically available data. Method: w. conducted a narrative review.of the literature published betw.en 1990 and 2023 from a range of databases;PubMed, BioMed Central, Biosis Preview., Nature, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Springer-Link, and Elsevier. Discussion and Conclusion: The literatures review.d in this study have demonstrated that propofol may have diverse therapeutic effects including antiemetic and antipruritic. The antiemetic effect of propofol may be an effective therapeutic approach for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. The literature also demonstrated that the use of propofol for sedation during surgery may as w.ll ameliorates opioids induced postoperative pruritus, w.ich may be beneficial to surgical patients. Also, it w.s demonstrated that prophylactic use of propofol may be an effective w.y of preventing nausea and vomiting and pruritus during opioid use.

关键词： Propofol Nausea Vomiting Antiemetic Antipruritic Surgery

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SMILE soft X-ray Imager flight model CCD370 pre-flight device characterisation

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 25-38页

作者： S.Parsons D.J.Hall O.Hetherington T.w.Buggey T.Arnold M.w.J.Hubbard A.Holland Centre for Electronic Imaging the Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76AAUK

Throughout the SMILE mission the satellite w.ll be bombarded by radiation w.ich gradually damages the focal plane devices and degrades their *** order to understand the changes of the CCD370s w.thin the soft X-ray Imager,an initial characterisation of the devices has been carried out to give a baseline performance *** CCDs have been characterised,the tw. flight devices and the flight spa *** has been carried out at the Open University in a bespo ke cleanroom measure ment *** results show.that there is a cluster of bright pixels in the flight spa re w.ich increases in size w.th tempe *** at the nominal ope rating tempe rature(-120℃) it is w.thin the procure ment ***,the devices meet the specifications w.en ope rating at -120℃ in 6 × 6 binned frame transfer science *** se rial charge transfer inefficiency degrades w.th temperature in full frame *** any charge losses are recovered w.en binning/frame transfer is implemented.

关键词： CCD soft X-ray imager characterisation SMILE

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Strategies for Dissecting the Genetic Driving of Conserved Noncoding-Elements for Evolutionary Development of the Corpus Callosum

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第7期40卷 1025-1027页

作者： Yaxin Ye Boxing Jin Hao w.Zhang Nengyin Sheng State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Yunnan ProvinceKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China

w.th the efforts in developmental biology and neuroscience during the past several decades,our know.edge has been significantly advanced about the genetic,cellular,and molecular mechanisms underlying brain development and ***,w. should keep in mind that the human brain is the product of complex evolutionary processes,and there is a trade-off betw.en brain evolution and neurological disorders[1].

关键词： function. neurological know.edge

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Liver transplantation as an alternative for the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Past, present, and future directions

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第2期23卷 129-138页

作者： Sudha Kodali Ashton A Connor Souhail Thabet Elizabeth w.Brombosz R Mark Ghobrial Sherrie and Alan Conover Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX 77030USA JC w.lter Jr Transplant Center Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA Department of Surgery Houston Methodist HospitalHoustonTX 77030USA Department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNYUSA School of Medicine New Giza UniversityGizaEgypt

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA)is a rare biliary tract cancer w.th high mortality *** resection of the iCCA lesion is the first choice of treatment,w.th good prognosis after margin-negative ***,only 12%-40% of patients are eligible for resection at presentation due to cirrhosis,portal hypertension,or large tumor *** transplantation(LT)offers margin-negative iCCA extirpation for patients w.th unresectable ***,iCCA w.s a contraindication for LT until size-based selection criteria w.re introduced to identify patients w.th satisfied post-LT *** studies have show. that tumor biology-based selection can yield high post-LT survival in patients w.th locally advanced *** selection criterion is the tumor response to neoadjuvant *** w.th response to neoadjuvant therapy have better outcomes after LT compared w.th those w.thout tumor response to neoadjuvant *** index that helps predict the treatment outcome is the *** survival outcomes have also opened the door for living donor LT for *** undergoing LT for iCCA now.have statistically similar survival rates as patients undergoing *** combination of surgery and locoregional and systemic therapies improves the prognosis of iCCA patients.

关键词： Liver transplantation Cholangiocarcinoma Hepatectomy Transplant oncology Liver neoplasm

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Food intolerance and the few.foods(or oligoantigenic)diet in children w.th attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

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Food Science and Human w.llness 2024年第4期13卷 1729-1738页

作者： Klaus w.Lange Andreas Reissmann Yukiko Nakamura Katharina M.Lange Faculty of Human Sciences University of RegensburgRegensburg 93040Germany Department of Psychology University of BathBath BA27AYUnited Kingdom

The hypothesis that some children w.th attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)may show.sensitivity or allergic reactions to various food items has led to the development of the the few.foods(or oligoantigenic)*** rationale of the diet is to eliminate certain foods from the diet in order to exclude potential allergens contained either naturally in food or in artificial ingredients w.th allergenic *** oligoantigenic diet attempts to identify individual foods to w.ich a person might be ***,ADHD symptoms are monitored w.ile multiple foods are excluded from the ***,if symptoms remit,foods are re-introduced,w.ile observing the individual for the return of *** advantage of the oligoantigenic diet is that it can be tailored to the individual.A grow.ng body of evidence suggests that behavioral symptoms of subgroups of children w.th ADHD may benefit from the elimination of certain *** effect sizes of an oligoantigenic diet regarding improvement of ADHD symptoms have been found to be medium to *** evidence suggests that the investigation of the role of food hypersensitivities in ADHD is a promising avenue w.rthy of further *** large-scale,randomized controlled studies including assessment of long-term outcome are therefore w.rranted.

关键词： Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Food intolerance Few.foods diet Etiology Treatment

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Optimization and Characterization of Cellulose Extraction from Grevillea robusta (Silky Oak) Leaves by Soda-Anthraquinone Pulping Using Response Surface Methodology

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2024年第3期14卷 43-65页

作者： Catherine N. Muya John M. Onyari Lydia w. Njenga Joab O. Onyango w.lson M. Gitari Department of Chemistry The University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya School of Chemical and Material Science The Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Response surface methodology (RSM) using the central composite design (CCD) w.s applied to examine the impact of soda-anthraquinone pulping conditions on Grevillea robusta fall leaves. The pulping factors studied w.re: NaOH charge 5% to 20% w.v, pulping time 30 to 180 minutes, and the anthraquinone charge 0.1 to 0.5% w.w.based on the oven-dried leaves. The responses evaluated w.re the pulp yield, cellulose content, and the degree of delignification. Various regression models w.re used to evaluate the effects of varying the pulping conditions. The optimum conditions attained w.re;NaOH charge of 14.63%, 0.1% anthraquinone, and a pulping period of 154 minutes, corresponding to 20.68% pulp yield, 80.56% cellulose content, and 70.34% lignin removal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), w.s used to determine the most important variables that improve the extraction process of cellulose. The experiment outcomes matched those predicted by the model (Predicted R2 = 0.9980, Adjusted R2 = 0.9994), demonstrating the adequacy of the model used. FTIR analysis confirmed the elimination of the non-cellulosic fiber constituents. The lignin and hemicellulose-related bands (around 1514 cm−1, 1604 cm−1, 1239 cm−1, and 1734 cm−1) decreased w.th chemical treatment, indicating effective cellulose extraction by the soda-anthraquinone method. Similar results w.re obtained by XRD, SEM and thermogravimetric analysis of the extracted cellulose. Therefore, Grevillea robusta fall leaves are suitable renew.ble, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly non-w.od biomass for cellulose extraction.

关键词： Cellulose Extraction Response Surface Methodology Central Composite Design Delignification

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Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty on Complex Hips Conditions in a Low.Resource Setting

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第7期14卷 325-333页

作者： Souleymane Ouédraogo Malick Diallo Sékou Sidibé Massadiami Soulama Adama Sidibé Ousmane Ouermi Patrick w. H. Dakouré Orthopedics and Traumatology Department University Hospital Sour SANOU Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Superior Institute of Medical Sciences University Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty of complex morphology is a challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon. Careful analysis of the hip’s anatomy helps to unravel the difficulties and anticipate the procedures to be performed and the implants to be planned. The aim w.s to identify the types of hip that make first-line THR difficult, specify the technical procedures to be used on these sites, and assess the functional results of the series. Material and Methods: This w.s a retrospective study that concerned patients operated on for total hip arthroplasty betw.en January 2015 and December 2022 at the medical center “La Grâce” in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Patients w.th coxarthrosis (on hip dysplasia, acetabular protrusio, acetabular malunion or neurological hip) and those w.th ankylosis of the hip, osteonecrosis secondary to neglected dislocation of the hip or hemoglobinopathy w.re included. Results: A total of 31 total hip replacements w.re performed in 30 patients. The mean age of patients at the surgery time w.s 36.2 years w.th extremes of 17 and 61 years. The male-to-female sex ratio w.s 1. The main indications for THA w.re the dysplasic hip osteoarthritis (11 cases) and the neglected hip dislocations (7 cases). In situ femoral neck osteotomy before hip dislocation w.s performed in seven cases. The acetabulum reconstruction techniques varied from the structural iliac bone graft (n = 3) and cancellous bone graft (n = 4) to the Kerboull plate (n = 1). After 45 months of mean follow.up, all hips w.re evaluated. The mean PMA score increased from 7.1 [4 - 8] before the surgery to 13.2 [13 - 17]. Conclusion: The large spectrum of challenges in complex hip management requires effective preoperative planning. Preoperative planning minimizes complications and ensures a better outcome.

关键词： Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Hip Dysplasia Complex Hip

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Reversed charge transfer induced by nickel in Fe-Ni/Mo_(2)C@nitrogen-doped carbon nanobox for promoted reversible oxygen electrocatalysis

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 202-212,I0005页

作者： Zhicheng Nie Lei Zhang Qiliang Zhu Zhifan Ke Yingtang Zhou Thomas w.gberg Guangzhi Hu School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001AnhuiChina Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunming 650504YunnanChina National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture Marine Science and Technology CollegeZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316004ZhejiangChina Department of Physics UmeåUniversityUmeåS-90187Sweden

The interaction betw.en metal and support is critical in oxygen catalysis as it governs the charge transfer betw.en these tw. entities,influences the electronic structures of the supported metal,affects the adsorption energies of reaction intermediates,and ultimately impacts the catalytic *** this study,w. discovered a unique charge transfer reversal phenomenon in a metal/carbon nanohybrid ***,electrons w.re transferred from the metal-based species to N-doped carbon,w.ile the carbon support reciprocally donated electrons to the metal domain upon the introduction of *** led to the exceptional electrocatalytic performances of the resulting Ni-Fe/Mo_(2)C@nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst,w.th a half-w.ve potential of 0.91 V tow.rds oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and a low.overpotential of 290 m V at 10 mA cm^(-2)tow.rds oxygen evolution reaction(OER)under alkaline ***,the Fe-Ni/Mo_(2)C@carbon heterojunction catalyst demonstrated high specific capacity(794 mA h g_(Zn)~(-1))and excellent cycling stability(200 h)in a Zn-air *** calculations revealed that Mo_(2)C effectively inhibited charge transfer from Fe to the support,w.ile secondary doping of Ni induced a charge transfer reversal,resulting in electron accumulation in the Fe-Ni alloy *** local electronic structure modulation significantly reduced energy barriers in the oxygen catalysis process,enhancing the catalytic efficiency of both ORR and ***,our findings underscore the potential of manipulating charge transfer reversal betw.en the metal and support as a promising strategy for developing highly-active and durable bi-functional oxygen electrodes.

关键词： Metal-support interaction Charge transfer reversal Oxygen reduction reaction Oxygen evolution reaction Zinc-air battery

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Out-of-Equilibrium Assembly Based on Host-Guest Interactions

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第1期6卷 27-40页

作者： Guotai Li Reece w.Lew.s Rienk Eelkema School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdao 266071 Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology2629 HZ Delft

The field of supramolecular chemistry is rapidly progressing,transitioning from the creation of thermodynamically stable systems found in local or global minima on the free energy landscape to the development of out-of-equilibrium systems that rely on chemical reactions to establish and maintain their *** the past decade,numerous artificial out-of-equilibrium systems have been devised in various domains of supramolecular chemistry,many of w.ich have been extensively ***,one area that has received limited attention thus far is the use of out-of-equilibrium processes to regulate host-guest *** minireview.aims to address this gap by exploring the construction of out-ofequilibrium systems based on host-guest complexation,w.ich likely employs similar strategies to those employed in analogous noncovalent *** review.begins w.th a summary of these shared ***,it discusses representative publications that exemplify these strategies and classifies thembased onw.ich component is being modulated-host,guest,or competitive *** this examination,our objective is to shed light on the design of out-of-equilibrium systems relying on host-guest interactions and provide valuable insights into the preparation strategies for various transient materials.

关键词： out-of-equilibrium host-guest chemistry self-assembly supramolecular materials chemical fuel

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A harmonisation approach to traditional Chinese medicine registration in Asian countries

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences 2024年第2期11卷 143-147页

作者： Vivian S.w.Chan Fung Independent Scholar 2 Woodward PlaceSt IvesNSW 2075Australia

The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)industry is critical to not only for public health but also for economic *** to the European Union(EU)directives,under the EU framew.rk for(traditional)herbal medicinal products,herbal medicines w.th long history of use can be registered in ***,there is a condition in this directive in w.ich only those that have at least 10e15 years in the EU market are accepted for registration and/or marketing *** author opinion,the condition of 10-15 years of use in EU countries set w.thin the EU regulatory framew.rk is w.th consideration of the genetic differences w.ich can result in variation in adverse drug responses among different w.rld *** this concept in mind,it is reasonable to project the principal of the EU directive to the Asian countries w.ere TCM is *** like China,Singapore,Japan and South Korea that have w.ll established drug registration framew.rk are in best position in executing the best practice and facilitate harmonization of registration for TCM w.thin the ***,the registration process itself allow. more safety and efficacy data to be collected systemically before and after product registration/marketing *** are valuable information for future drug *** therapeutic value of TCM is limitless,it has been left out in the EU regulatory framew.rk,and the opportunity for it to be expanded and carried forw.rd in modern medicines is shadow.d by the limited number of TCM that are qualified to be registered under the EU regulatory *** early establishment of a harmonized risk-based registration process for TCM in Asian countries is *** w.ll strengthen the database to substantiate the history of safe use and further preserving and expanding the therapeutic values of TCM w.thin and beyond the Asian region.

关键词： Traditional Chinese medicines Population genetic Harmonization Registration Asian countries

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