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Atraumatic splenic rupture after cocaine use and acute Epstein-Barr virus infection: A case report and review of literature

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world Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2019年第12期11卷 433-442页

作者： allan Mun Fai Kwok Department of Surgery Wollongong Hospital

BACKGROUND Atraumatic splenic rupture(ASR)accounts for just over 3%of all cases of splenic rupture and is associated with a high mortality *** most common culprit is acute infection with Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)but other documented aetiologies include neoplasia,other viral/bacterial infections,acute and chronic pancreatitis,amyloidosis and anticoagulant *** are four previous reports of cocaine-associated ASR but never before has it been documented in combination with concurrent acute EBV *** SUMMARY A 21-year-old man presented to hospital with acute left shoulder pain which radiated to the right shoulder and upper *** denied any history of recent trauma and had no relevant past medical *** took no regular prescription medications but had used cocaine within the previous 24 *** revealed splenomegaly,a Grade 3 subcapsular splenic haematoma,moderate haemoperitoneum and an incidental 9 mm splenic artery *** was also serological evidence of acute EBV *** endovascular embolisation of the pseudoaneurysm was performed and the splenic rupture was managed *** patient remained admitted in hospital for seven days and did not require any transfusion of blood *** imaging showed complete resolution of the haemoperitoneum after 5 *** importance of abstinence from illicit drug use was emphasised to the patient but it is unknown whether or not he remains *** This case demonstrates that ASR is a rare condition that can result from acute EBV infection and cocaine ingestion and requires a high index of suspicion to diagnose clinically.

关键词： Atraumatic Spontaneous Splenic rupture Cocaine Epstein-Barr virus Splenic artery pseudoaneurysm Case report

Sea salt bittern-driven forward osmosis for nutrient recovery from black water: A dual waste-to-resource innovation via the osmotic membrane process

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2020年第2期14卷 197-206页

作者： wenchao Xue May Zaw Xiaochan An Yunxia Hu allan Sriratana Tabucanon Department of Energy Environment and Climate ChangeSchool of EnvironmentResources and DevelopmentAsian Institute of TechnologyP.O.Box 4Klong LuangPathumthani 12120Thailand State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin Polytechnic UniversityTianjin 300387China Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahidol UniversityNakhon Pathom 71370Thailand

A dual“waste-to-resource”innovation in nutrient enrichment and recovery from domestic black water using a sea salt bittern(SSB)-driven forward osmosis(FO)process is proposed and *** performance of SSB as a“waste-to-resource”draw solution for FO was first evaluated.A synthetic SSB-driven FO provided a water flux of25.67±3.36 L/m2 h,which was 1.5-1.7 times compared with synthetic seawater,1 M NaCl,and 1M *** compromised performance regarding reverse solute selectivity was *** compensation,the enhanced reverse diffusion of Mg+suggested superior potential in terms of recovering nutrients in the form of struvite *** nutrient enrichment was performed using both the pre-filtered influent and effluent of a domestic septic *** 80%of phosphate-P recovery was achieved from both low-and high-strength black water at a feed volume reduction up to 80%^90%.with an elevated feed pH(~9),approximately 60%-85%enriched phosphate-P was able to be recovered in the form of precipitated *** the enrichment performance of total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN)largely differed depending on the strength of black *** concentration factor(i.e.,3-folds)and retention(>60%)of TKN was obtained in the high-nutrient-strength black water at a feed volume reduction of 80%,in comparison with a weak TKN enrichment observed in low-strength black *** results suggested a good potential for nutrient recovery based on this dual“waste-to-resource”FO system with proper management of membrane cleaning.

关键词： Forward osmosis Sea salt bittern Black water Nutrient recovery pH

IRX14 and IRX14-LIKE, Two Glycosyl Transferases Involved in Glucuronoxylan Biosynthesis and Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2010年第5期3卷 834-841页

作者： Brian D. Keppler allan M. Showalter Department of Environmental and Plant Biology Molecular and Cellular Biology Program Ohio University 315 Porter Hall Athens OH 45701-2979 USA

IRX14 and IRX14-LIKE （IRX14L） are two closely related glycosyl transferases in the glycosyl transferase 43 （GT43） family of Arabidopsis. A T-DNA insertion mutant for IRX14 results in comparatively minor changes, such as irregular xylem, while a mutation for IRX14L results in no changes. However, an irx14 and irx14L double mutant severely affects growth and development, with the dwarf plants failing to produce an inflorescence stem. Plants that are homozygous for IRX14 but heterozygous for IRX14L （irx14 irx14L（±）） exhibit an intermediate phenotype, including noticeably smaller leaves, stems, and underdeveloped siliques. Additionally, the T-DNA insertion mutant for IRX14 was found to result in a drought-tolerant phenotype. Carbohydrate analysis of total cell wall extracts revealed a reduction in xylose for the irx14 and irx14 irx14L（±） mutants, consistent with a defect in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis. Immunolocalization of xylan with the LM10 antibody revealed a loss of xylan in irx14 mutants and a further reduction in the irx14 irx14L（±） mutants. IRX14L likely functions redundantly with IRX14 in glucuronoxylan biosynthesis, with IRX14 having a more important role in the process.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress cell walls genetics Arabidopsis irregular xylem xylan.

SYNTHESIS OF POLYMERS CONTAINING N-N LINKAGES

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2003年第5期21卷 541-550页

作者： Zaza Gomurashvili allan S.Hay Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Ouebec Canada H3A 2K6Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Ouebec Canada H3A 2K6

The N--N linkage in hydrazine is thermally stable when it is tetrasubstituted and there are electron-withdrawinggroups attached to the nitrogen atoms. Our research on the synthesis of polymers contaning N--N linkages is reviewed. TheN,N-bisimide structure has been introduced in the backbone of polymers as well as a pendant group in poly(aryl ether)s togive very thermoxidatively stable polymers with very high glass transition temperatures. Most of the polymers form tough,flexible films. N-Aminotriazoles also form stable imides by reaction with anhydrides and these N-imidotriazole groups havebeen introduced as pendent groups on poly(aryl ether)s. The polymers are highly fluorescent materials. Three methods for thesynthesis of polymers containing the tetrasubstituted-azine structure will be discussed: (1) oxidative coupling of bisimines;(2) condensation of bishydrazones with diketones; (3) poly(aryl ether azines) from the azine formed from 4-fluorobenzo-phenone by reaction with salts of bisphenols.

关键词： Hydrazine N-N-linkage N-aminoimide Poly(imidoaryll ether) N-aminotriazole Polyazine

Unified methodology for site-characterization and sampling of highway runoff

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2010年第1期4卷 47-58页

作者： Jy S.wU Craig J.allan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA 2 Department of Geography and Earth SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA

Hydrology,roadway traffic conditions,and atmospheric deposition are three essential data categories for the planning and implementation of highway-runoff monitoring and characterization *** variables pertaining to each data category could be site specific but have been shown to correlate with runoff pollutant *** data categories were combined to derive statistical relationships for characterization and prioritization of the respective pollutant loads at highway runoff *** runoff data of total suspended solids(TSS),total dissolved solid(TDS),chemical oxygen demand(COD),total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN)and total phosphorus(TP)collected from three highway sites in Charlotte,North Carolina,USA,were used to illustrate the development of site-specific highway-runoff pollutant loading *** unified methodology provides a basis for initial assessment of the pollutant-constituent loads from highway runoff using hydrologic component *** reliability is achievable when additional traffic and/or atmospheric component variables are incorporated into the basic hydrologic regression *** addition,operational guidance is suggested for implementing highway-runoff monitoring programs that are subject to sampling and resources constraints.

关键词： highway runoff pollutant loads regression models non-point source pollution storm water permit

FORCED OSCILLATION OF SECOND ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS wITH MIXED NONLINEARITIES

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2011年第2期31卷 613-626页

作者： Taher S. Hassan Lynn Erbe allan Peterson Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Mansoura University Department of Mathematics University of Nebraska-Lincoln

This article is concerned with the oscillation of the forced second order differ- ential equation with mixed nonlinearities（a（t）（x＇（t））γ）＇＋po（t）xγ（go（t））＋n∑t=1pi（t）｜x（gi（t））｜αi sgn x（gi（t））=e（t）,where γ is a quotient of odd positive integers αi〉0,i=1,2 ……n,a,e,and pi ∈ C（[0,∞）R）,a（t）〉0,gi：R→R are positive continuous functions on R with lim gi （t）=∞,i=0,1,……,n. Our results generalize and improve the results in a recent article by Sun and wong[29].

关键词： Oscillation functional differentail equations second order

Modulation of mitochondrial respiration underpins neuronal differentiation enhanced by lutein

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第1期14卷 87-99页

作者： Kui Xie Sherry Ngo Jing Rong allan Sheppard Liggins Institute University of Auckland

Lutein is a dietary carotenoid of particular nutritional interest as it is preferentially taken up by neural tissues. Often linked with beneficial effects on vision, a broader role for lutein in neuronal differentiation has emerged recently, although the underlying mechanisms for these effects are not yet dear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lutein on neuronal differentiation and explore the associated underpinning mechanisms. we found that lutein treatment enhanced the differentiation of SH-SYSY cells, specifically increasing neuronal arborization and expression of the neuronal process filament protein microtubule-associated protein 2. This effect was mediated by the intracellular phosphoinositide-3-kinase （PI3K） signaling pathway. while PI3K activity is a known trigger of neuronal differentiation, more recently it has also been shown to modulate the metabolic state of cells. Our analysis of bioenergetics found that lutein treatment increased glucose consumption, rates of glycolysis and enhanced respiratory activity of mitochondrial complexes. Concomitantly, the generation of reactive oxygen species was increased （con- sistent with previous reports that reactive oxygen species promote neuronal differentiation）, as well as the production of the key metabolic intermediate acetyl-CoA, an essential determinant of epigenetic status in the cell. we suggest that lutein-stimulated neuronal differentiation is mediated by PI3K-dependent modulation of mitochondrial respiration and signaling, and that the consequential metabolic shifts initiate epigenetically dependent transcriptomic reprogramming in support of this morphogenesis. These obser- vations support the potential importance of micronutrients supplementation to neurogenesis, both during normal development and in regenerative repair.

关键词： lutein micronutrient neuronal differentiation metabolism PI3K-AKT pathway glycolysis mitochondria gene expression

Effect of phosphate on heterogeneous Fenton oxidation of catechol by nano-Fe_(3)O_(4):Inhibitor or stabilizer?

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第1期28卷 69-76页

作者： Xiaofang Yang Jie He Zhongxi Sun allan Holmgren Dongsheng wang Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of JinanJinan 250022China Chemical Engineering Department of CivilEnvironmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLulea University of TechnologySE-971 87Sweden

The effect of phosphate on adsorption and oxidation of catechol, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene,in a heterogeneous Fenton system was investigated. In situ attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy（ATR-FTIR） was used to monitor the surface speciation at the nano-Fe_3O_4 catalyst surface. The presence of phosphate decreased the removal rate of catechol and the abatement of dissolved organic compounds, as well as the decomposition of H2O2. This effect of phosphate was mainly due to its strong reaction with surface sites on the iron oxide catalyst. At neutral and acid pH, phosphate could displace the adsorbed catechol from the surface of catalyst and also could compete for surface sites with H2O2. In situ IR spectra indicated the formation of iron phosphate precipitation at the catalyst surface. The iron phosphate surface species may affect the amount of iron atoms taking part in the catalytic decomposition of H2O2 and formation of hydroxyl radicals,and inhibit the catalytic ability of Fe3O4 catalyst. Therefore, phosphate ions worked as stabilizer and inhibitor in a heterogeneous Fenton reaction at the same time, in effect leading to an increase in oxidation efficiency in this study. However, before use of phosphate as pH buffer or H2O2 stabilizer in a heterogeneous Fenton system, the possible inhibitory effect of phosphate on the actual removal of organic pollutants should be fully considered.

关键词： Heterogeneous Fenton oxidation Adsorption ATR-FTIR Interface mechanism

Potential of organic waste to energy and bio-fertilizer production in Sub-Saharan Africa:a review

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waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第3期5卷 259-267页

作者： Isaac Rubagumya allan John Komakech Isa Kabenge Nicholas Kiggundu Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Makerere UniversityP.O.Box 7062KampalaUganda

Many growing cities of Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)are marred by the inefficient collection,management,disposal and reuse of organic *** purpose of this study was to review and compare the energy recovery potential as well as bio-fertilizer perspective,from the organic waste volumes generated in SSA *** on computations made with a literature review,we find that the amount of organic wastes varies across countries translating to differences in the energy and bio-fertilizer production potentials across *** wastes generated in SSA can potentially generate about 133 million Gwh of energy per *** organic waste to bio-fertilizer production potentials range from 11.08 million tons to 306.26 million tons *** has the highest energy and bio-fertilizer potential among the SSA countries with a total per capita of 630 Mwh/year and 306.26 million tons,*** challenges and technical considerations for energy and bio-fertilizer approaches in the management of organic waste in SSA have also been *** study is of help to the readers and strategic decision makers in understanding the contribution of bioenergy and bio-fertilizer to achieving sustainable development goals,namely,7(Affordable and Clean Energy)and 13(Climate Action)in SSA.

关键词： Sub-Saharan Africa Organic waste Energy production Bio-fertilizer production Challenges