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Neurophysics Assessment of the Muscle Bioenergy Generated by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Research 2019年第1期2019卷 1077-1085页

作者： Fidias E.leon-Sarmiento Alexander Gonzalez-Castaño Carlos V.Rizzo-Sierra juan Aceros Daniel S.leon-Ariza juan S.leon-Ariza Diddier G.Prada William Bara-jimenez Zeng Y.Wang Smell and Taste Center Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Human Motor Control Section NINDSNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Mediciencias Research Group LouisvilleKYUSA Universidad Internacional de la Rioja Spain Neurophysics Unit Corporacion Universitaria Minuto de Dios-UNIMINUTOColombia Charity Association for Person Centered Medicine Moral EntityItaly School of Engineering University of North FloridaJacksonvilleFLUSA Faculty of Health Sciences Santander UniversityUDESColombia Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMAUSA Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health Harvard UniversityBostonMAUSA Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica en Cancer Instituto Nacional de CancerMexico DFMexico Neuromuscular Division Department of NeurologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA

Te content of the rectifed motor evoked potential(MEP)induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)has ambiguously been assessed without the precision that energy calculation *** fact has misled data interpretation and misguided biomedical *** defnitively fll the gap that exits in the neurophysics processing of these signals,we computed,in Walls(̂�),the bioenergy within the rectifed MEP recorded from the human frst digitorum index(FDI)muscle at rest and under isometric *** also gauged the biowork exerted by this *** we show that bioenergy and biowork can accurately and successfully be assessed,validated,and determined in̂�from MEP signals induced by TMS,regardless of knowing the mathematical expression of the function of the *** novel neurophysics approach represents a dramatic paradigm shif in analysis and interpretation of the content of the MEP and will give a true meaning to the content of rectifed ***,this innovative approach allowed unveiling that women exerted more bioenergy than men at the magnetic stimulations used in this *** of conclusions drawn from studies published elsewhere assessing rectifed EMG signals that have used ambiguous units is strongly recommended.

关键词： stimulation gauge allowed

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Embryonic and larval development of garpike from the Adriatic Sea

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第3期4卷 272-276页

作者： jakov DULCIC Branimir BAZDARIC leon GRUBISIC Pero TUTMAN Branko DRAGICEVIC Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries SplitCroatia

Although information about embryonic and larval development of garpike,Belone belone(Linnaeus,1761),is present in the published literature,the bulk of research concerns garpike from the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic *** present work describes the embryonic and larval development of garpike,Belone belone,from the Adriatic Sea,and methods used for incubation of fertilized eggs in aquarium *** garpike is,as suggested by some authors,divided into subspecies,we conclude that some differences in embryonic development could also be *** the present study,eggs were fertilized using the dry fertilization method and were incubated in a tank equipped with aeration and constant sea water *** and content of dissolved oxygen were constant,and the temperature varied between 19.4 and 22.3°*** were spherical,measuring 3071.9±75.73μm in *** sacs were homogeneous and did not contain oil *** first larvae hatched 329 h and 47 min after *** of the yolk sac occurred 17 h–48 h after hatching and the total length of newly hatched larvae was 9.78 *** peculiarities observed in the embryonic and early larval development are evidence of an exceptional plasticity and adaptive potential,which could be considered as helpful features in extending the natural range of occurrence of this species.

关键词： Adriatic Sea Belone belone embryonic development larval development.

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RANS simulations of the U and V grooves effect in the subcritical flow over four rotated circular cylinders

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journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第4期27卷 569-578页

作者： ALONZO-GARCIA A. GUTIERREZ-TORRES C.del C. jIMENEZ BERNAL j.A. MOLLINEDO-PONCE de leon H.R. MARTINEZ-DELGADILLO S.A. BARBOSA-SALDANA j.G. Instituto Politécnico Nacional SEPI ESIME ZacatencoLABINTHAP U.P.Adolfo López Mateos Edif.5 3er.PisoMéxicoD.F.México Instituto Politécnico Nacional UPIITAAv.IPN 2580C.P.07340MéxicoD.F.México Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco Depto.Ciencias BásicasAv.San Pablo 180Azcapotzalco C.P 07740MéxicoD.F.México

This paper presents a CFD study about the effect of the V and U grooves in the flow over four cylinders in diamond shape configuration at subcritical flow conditions（Re= 41 000）. The k- ε Realizable turbulence model was implemented to fully structured hexahedral grids with near-wall refinements. Results showed that the numerical model was able to reproduce the impinging flow pattern and the repulsive forces present in the lateral cylinders of the smooth cylinder array. As a consequence of the flow alignment induced by the grooves, a jet-flow is formed between the lateral cylinders, which could cause an important vortex induced vibration effect especially in the rear cylinder. The magnitudes of the shear stresses at the valleys and peaks for the V grooved cylinders were lower than those of the U grooved cylinders, but the separation points were delayed due the U grooves presence. It is discussed the presence of a blowing effect caused by counter-rotating eddies located near the grooves peaks that cause a decrease of the shear stresses in the valleys, and promote them at the peaks.

关键词： RANS model grooved cylinder four cylinders subcritical flow impinging flow

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Recent Developments in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

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上海精神医学 1992年第S1期 54-58页

作者： leon j. Thal

During the past decade, treatment of Alzheimer’s disease was predominantly directed towards the treatment of secondary symptoms. Current drug development is directed primarily at the treatment of cognitive decline. Treatments over the next 10 years will be directed towards slowing the rate of decline, delaying the onset of appearance of disease, and to preventing disease.

关键词： Recent Developments in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

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Pink bollworm moth （Lepidoptera： Gelechiidae） catches in the Imperial Valley, California from 1989 to 2003

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Insect Science 2006年第6期13卷 469-475页

作者： CHANG-CHI CHU ERIC T. NATWICK RAUL leon LOPEZ jOLENER. DESSERT THOMAS j. HENNEBERRY USDA-ARS U.S. Arid Land Regearch Center Maricopa AZ University of California Cooperative Research and Extension Holtville California USA Instituto Nacionel de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolasy Pecuxrias Mexicali B.C. Mexico Imperial County Agricultural Commissioner s Office EI Centrb California USA

We examined the patterns of male pink bollworm （PBW）, Pectinophora gossypiella （Saunders）, moth catches in gossyplure-baited traps over a 15-year period from 1989 to 2003 in the Imperial Valley, California, USA. Monitoring was conducted during periods when different pink bollworm areawide control strategies were being used. Numbers of male pink bollworm moths caught in gossyplure-baited traps progressively decreased each year from 1990 to 1994 during short-season cotton production. High numbers of male moths caught in traps from 1995 to 1997 may have been related to moth migrations from the large cotton acreages grown in the Mexicali Valley bordering the Imperial Valley. Transgenic Bollgard （Bt） cotton was planted in 3% of the cotton area in 1996 and thereafter in 80%- 94% of the cotton area from 1997 to 2003. Pink bollworm moth trap catches were significantly lower from 1998 to 2003 than catches in 1995 to 1997, except for 1999. The trapping results suggested that Bt cotton had significant input on reduction of pink bollworm populations, confirming results of other investigators and providing additional documentation on the benefits of the Bt cotton culture.

关键词： Bt cotton diapause larvae gossyplure migration Pectinophora gossypiella short-season cotton

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Chemotherapy advances in locally advanced head and neck cancer

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World journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第5期5卷 966-972页

作者： Peter Georges Kumar Rajagopalan Chady leon Priya Singh Nadir Ahmad Kamyar Nader Gregory j Kubicek Department of Medical Oncology Cooper University Hospital Camden NJ 08103 United States Department of Otolaryngology Cooper University Hospital Camden NJ 08103 United States Department of Radiation Oncology Cooper University Hospital Camden NJ 08103 United States

The management of locally advanced unresectable head and neck squamous cell cancer(HNSCC) continues to improve. One of the major advances in the treatment of HNSCC was the addition of chemotherapy to radiation in the treatment of non-surgical patients. The majority of the data regarding chemotherapy in HNSCC involve cisplatin chemotherapy with concurrent radiation. However, several new approaches have included targeted therapy against epidermal growth factor receptor and several recent studies have explored the role of induction chemotherapy in the treatment of HNSCC. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced HNSCC.

关键词： Head and neck cancer Chemotherapy Induction

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Aluminium is essential for root growth and development of tea plants(Camellia sinensis)^∞

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2020年第7期62卷 984-997页

作者： Lili Sun Mengshi Zhang Xiaomei Liu Qianzhuo Mao Chen Shi leon VKochian Hong Liao Root Biology Center College of Resources and EnvironmentFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Vector-Borne Virus Research Center Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Global Institute for Food Security University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon S7N 4J8Canada

On acid soils,the trivalent aluminium ion(Al3+)predominates and is very rhizotoxic to most plant *** some native plant species adapted to acid soils including tea(Camellia sinensis),Al3+has been regarded as a beneficial mineral *** this study,we discovered that Al3+is actually essential for tea root growth and development in all the tested *** ion promoted new root growth in five representative tea varieties with dose-dependent responses to Al3+*** the absence of Al3+,the tea plants failed to generate new roots,and the root tips were damaged within 1 d of Al ***-tural analysis of root tips demonstrated that Al was required for root meristem development and *** situ morin@staining of Al3+in roots revealed that Al mainly localized to nuclei in root meristem cells,but then gradually moved to the cytosol when Al3+was subsequently *** movement of Al3+from nuclei to cytosols was accompanied by exacerbated DNA damage,which suggests that the nuclear-targeted Al primarily acts to maintain DNA *** together,these results provide novel evidence that Al3+is essential for root growth in tea plants through maintenance of DNA integrity in meristematic cells.

关键词： sinensis roots Camellia

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Diet variability of snappers(Teleostei:Lutjanidae)in a bay-to-reef ecosystem of the Mexican Caribbean

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Water Biology and Security 2024年第1期3卷 53-59页

作者： leon Felipe Martínez-juarez juan j.Schmitter-Soto Nancy Cabanillas-Teran Norman Mercado-Silva El Colegio de la Frontera Sur 77014ChetumalQuintana RooMexico Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Conservacion Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos62209CuernavacaMorelosMexico

Fishes use environmental resources *** ontogenic movements among coastal habitats lead to diverse *** investigated the diets of seven snapper species(Lutjanus apodus,***,***,***,***,***,and Ocyurus chrysurus)in three interconnected coastal environments in the western Caribbean:Río Huach channel,Chetumal/Corozal bay,and the adjacent Xcalak reef *** three encompass all habitats used by the seven species in the study *** diets were mostly composed of fish and crustaceans,but dominance of either group varied among the studied habitats;for example,fish were the main prey for *** from the reef lagoon zone,but second in the *** are piscivorous-invertivorous mesopredators;the species that relied the most on fishes were *** and ***,whereas *** preferred *** content results revealed a high degree of dietary overlap among *** findings suggested a tradeoff in relative weight between fish and crustaceans as the main food source of snappers at these connected areas,supporting the hypothesis of niche *** results can be used as a baseline to further our understanding of the ecology and differences in resource use by snapper species in an area undergoing important anthropogenic changes.

关键词： Resource partitioning Chetumal/Corozal bay Quintana Roo Trophic ecology

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Branched-chain amino acids partially recover the reduced growth of pigs fed with protein-restricted diets through both central and peripheral factors

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 868-882页

作者： Mohammad Habibi Cedrick Shili julia Sutton Parniyan Goodarzi Excel Rio Maylem leon Spicer Adel Pezeshki Department of Animal and Food Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK74078USA

The objective of this study was to assess the growth efficiency of pigs fed with protein-restricted diets supplemented with branched-chain amino acids(BCAA)and limiting amino acids(LAA)above the rec-ommended *** 2 weeks of adaptation,48 young barrows were weight matched and randomly assigned to 6 treatments(8 pigs/treatment)for 4 weeks:positive control(PC)with standard protein,negative control(NC)with very low protein containing LAA(i.e.,Lys,Met,Thr and Trp)at rec-ommended levels,and NC containing LAA 25%(L25),LAA 50%(L50),LAA+BCAA(i.e.,Leu,Ile and Val)25%(LB25)and LAA+BCAA 50%(LB50)more than *** intake(FI)and body weight(BW)were measured daily and weekly,*** week 6,blood samples were collected,all pigs euthanized and tissue samples *** data were analyzed by univariate GLM or mixed procedure(SPSS)and the means were separated using paired Student's t-test followed by Benjamini-Hochberg *** to PC,NC had decreased FI,BW,unsupplemented plasma essential amino acids,serum insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I)and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y(NPY)(Pjejunal 5-hydroxytryptamine-receptor 7(P<0.01).Overall,supplementation of protein-restricted diets with increased levels of dietary BCAA partially recovered the negative effects of these diets on growth through improved IGF-I concentration and FI,which was associated with changed expression of serotonin receptors,blood AA and hypothalamic NPY.

关键词： Branched-chain amino acid Very low protein diet NPY insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ Serotonin Pig

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Hypoplastic particle finite element model for cutting tool-soil interaction simulations:Numerical analysis and experimental validation

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Underground Space 2018年第1期3卷 61-71页

作者： Abdiel Ramon leon Bal Ulrich Hoppe Thai Son Dang Klaus Hackl Günther Meschke Inustitute for Structural Mechanics Ruhr-Uniuersitdit BochunGermany Inustitute of Mechanics of Materials Ruhr-Universitit BochunGermany

This study presents numerical and experimental models for the analysis of the excavation of soft soils by means of a cutting *** computational model is constructed using an Updated Lagrangean(UL)velocity-based Finite Element approach.A hypoplastic formu-lation is employed to describe the constitutive behavior of soft *** displacements and deformations of the ground resulting from the cutting tool-soil interaction are handled by means of the Particle Finite Element method,characterized by a global re-meshing strat-egy and a boundary identiﬁcation procedure called a-shape *** capabilities and performance of the proposed model are demonstrated through comparative analyses between experiments and simulations of cutting tool-soft soil *** experiments are performed using an excavation device at Ruhr-Universita¨t Bochum(RUB),*** main details concerning the setup and calibration and evolution of the measured draft forces are *** computational results characterizing the cutting tool-soft soil interaction including the topology of the free surface,void ratio distribution ahead of the tool,spatio-temporal evolution of the reaction forces and abrasive wear behavior are evaluated.

关键词： Velocity-basedﬁnite elements formulation Hypoplasticity Large deformations Particleﬁnite elements Cutting tool-soil interaction Excavation experiments

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