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In <i>Vivo</i>Hypoglycemic Activity of Aqueous Extracts of <i>Chasmanthera dependens</i>in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Mice

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Open journal of Applied Sciences 2021年第7期11卷 832-845页

作者： Dinah j. Sawe Eliud N. M. Njagi alice N. Muchugi Moses Ndiema Department of Biochemistry & Clinical Chemistry College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Biochemistry Biotechnology and Microbiology School of Pure and Applied Sciences Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Genetic Resource Unit International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) Nairobi Kenya Department of Human Anatomy College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya

The plant Chasmanthera dependens (Hochst) have been used to manage many diseases including diabetes mellitus without scientific evaluation of its efficacy and safety. The main objective of the project was to determine the antidiabetic activity of Chasmanthera dependens plant in a rat model. Experimental design was used where the stem of the plant was collected, dried, crashed into fine powder, extracted with distilled water at 60°C and lyophilized using a Freeze Dryer, packaged in air tight container and stored at -20°C ready for use. The extract was orally and intraperitoneally screened in alloxan induced diabetic mice for its hypoglycemic activity at doses of 25, 48.4, 93.5, 180.9 and 350 mg per kg body weight. Diabetes in mice was induced using 186.9 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate. Negative controls included normal and diabetic rats orally and intraperitoneally administered with physiological saline while positive controls included diabetic rats administered with glibenclamide as oral and insulin as intraperitoneal reference drug. The results revealed hypoglycemic activity in Chasmanthera dependens at the five different doses when given either orally or intraperitoneally. In conclusion, the medicinal plant at the various doses demonstrated significant (ρ ≤ 0.05) hypoglycemic activity. The author’s recommendation is continued use of the plant extracts at low therapeutic doses. Consideration should be made to carry out the same studies using higher animals including man.

关键词： Diabetes Hypoglycemia Plant Extract Chasmanthera dependens Albino Mice

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alice in Wonderland

Alice in Wonderland

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作者： Lewis Carroll authoritative texts of alice's Adventures in Wonderland Through the Looking-Glass the Hunting of the Snark backgrounds criticism edited by Donald j. Gray Indiana University.

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Review of the impact of heat stress on reproductive performance of sheep

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 859-876页

作者： William H.E.j.van Wettere Karen L.Kind Kathryn L.Gatford Alyce M.Swinbourne Stephan T.Leu Peter T.Hayman jennifer M.Kelly alice C.Weaver David O.Kleemann Simon K.Walker The University of Adelaide School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesDavies Livestock Research CentreRoseworthy CampusMudla Wirra RdRoseworthySouth Australia 5371Australia The University of Adelaide Robinson Research InstituteAdelaide Medical SchoolNorth TerraceAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia The University of Adelaide School of AgricultureFood and WineWaite Research InstituteUrrbraeSouth Australia 5064Australia South Australian Research and Development Institute Primary Industries and Regions SAGovernment of South AustraliaClimate ApplicationsWaite Research PrecinctUrrbraeSouth Australia 5064Australia South Australian Research and Development Institute Primary Industries and Regions SAReproductive BiologyLivestock SciencesTurretfield Research Centre129 Holland RdRosedaleSouth Australia 5350Australia

Heat stress significantly impairs reproduction of sheep,and under current climatic conditions is a significant risk to the efficiency of the meat and wool production,with the impact increasing as global temperatures *** from field studies and studies conducted using environmental chambers demonstrate the effects of hot temperatures(≥32℃)on components of ewe fertility(oestrus,fertilisation,embryo survival and lambing)are most destructive when experienced from 5 d before until 5 d after *** controlled studies also demonstrate that ram fertility,as measured by rates of fertilisation and embryo survival,is reduced when mating occurs during the period 14 to 50 d ***,the contribution of the ram to heat induced reductions in flock fertility is difficult to determine *** primarily on temperature controlled studies,it is clear that sustained exposure to high temperatures(≥32℃)during pregnancy reduces lamb birthweight and will,therefore,decrease lamb survival under field *** is concluded that both ewe and ram reproduction is affected by relatively modest levels of heat stress(≥32℃)and this is a concern given that a significant proportion of the global sheep population experiences heat stress of this magnitude around mating and during *** this,strategies to limit the impacts of the climate on the homeothermy,behaviour,resource use and reproduction of extensively grazed sheep are limited,and there is an urgency to improve knowledge and to develop husbandry practices to limit these impacts.

关键词： Fertility Heat stress Oogenesis Pregnancy Sheep Spermatogenesis

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Cloning efficiency following ES cell nuclear transfer is influenced by the methylation state of the donor nucleus altered by mutation of DNA methyltransferase 3a and 3b

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Frontiers in Biology 2010年第5期5卷 439-444页

作者： Xiangpeng DAI Xiaoyang ZHAO Hai TANG jie HAO jean-Paul RENARD Qi ZHOU alice jOUNEAU Liu WANG State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Sino-French Laboratory LABIOCEM Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China INRA UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et ReproductionJouy en JosasFrance ENVAMaison-AlfortFrance

The epigenetic state of donor cells plays a vital role in the nuclear reprogramming and chromatin remodel-ing of cloned *** this study we investigated the effect of DNA methylation state of donor cells on the development of mouse embryos reconstructed with embryonic stem(ES)cell *** results conﬁrmed that deletion of the DNA methyltransferase 3a(Dnmt3a)and DNA methyltransferase 3b(Dnmt3b)distinctly decreases the level of DNA methylation in ES *** contrast to wild type ES cells(j1),Dnmt3a–/–3b–/–(DKO)and Dnmt3b–/–(3bKO)donor cells signiﬁcantly elevated the percentage of embryonic stem cell nuclear transfer(ECNT)morula,blastocysts and postimplantation embryos(P<0.05).However,the efﬁciency of establish-ment of NT-ES cell lines derived from DKO reconstructed blastocysts was not improved,and the expression pattern of OCT4 and CDX2 in cloned blastocysts and postim-plantation embryos was not altered *** results suggest that the DNA methylation state of the donor nucleus is an important factor in regulation of the donor nuclear reprogramming.

关键词： DNA methylation nuclear transfer DNA methyltransferase 3a DNA methyltransferase 3b

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New In Vitro Studies on the Bioprofile of Genista tenera Antihyperglycemic Extract

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2015年第6期5卷 277-285页

作者： Daniela Batista Pedro L.Falé Maria L.Serralheiro Maria E.Araújo Paulo j.A.Madeira Carlos Borges Isabel Torgal Margarida Goulart jorge justino alice Martins Amélia P.Rauter Centro de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de LisboaCampo Grande1749-016 LisbonPortugal Institute of Pharmaceutical Science King’s College London150 Stamford StreetLondon SE19NHUK Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém Quinta do Galinheiro2001-904 SantarémPortugal

The inhibition of a-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase,two enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism,is an important target to control glycaemia on individuals with type 2 *** this work we report for the first time the inhibition of both enzymes by the antihyperglycemic n-butanol extract from Genista tenera(Fabaceae).This extract decreased a-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities to 0.97 and 80.25%,respectively,being more effective than acarbose,and phlorizin,the positive controls,which reduced enzymes activities only to 17.39 and 96.06%.Once inflammation and oxidative stress are related to diabetic impairments,the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was also evaluated,through its inhibitory activity over COX-1 enzyme(47.5%inhibition).Moreover,after induction of oxidative stress by UV radiation,the viability of irradiated rat liver hepatoma cells exposed to the extract was significantly higher(67.82%)than that promoted by ascorbic acid,the positive control(45.05%).In addition,the stability of the extract under gastrointestinal conditions was evaluated by HPLC–DAD-ESI–MS/*** diglycosides were identified as the main constituents of the extract,and no alterations in the chemical composition nor in the antioxidant activity were observed after in vitro digestion with artificial gastric and pancreatic juices.

关键词： a-Glucosidase inhibition In vitro digestion HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS Antioxidant activity Flavonoid glycosides

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Quantifying backflash radiation to prevent zero-error attacks in quantum key distribution

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 28-32页

作者： alice Meda Ivo Pietro Degiovanni Alberto Tosi Zhiliang Yuan Giorgio Brida Marco Genovese INRIM 10135 TorinoItaly Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e BioingegneriaPolitecnico di Milano20133 MilanoItaly Toshiba Research Europe Ltd Cambridge CB40GZUK

Single-photon avalanche diodes(SPADs)are the most widespread commercial solution for single-photon counting in quantum key distribution ***,the secondary photon emission that arises from the avalanche of charge carriers that occurs during the detection of a photon may be exploited by an eavesdropper to gain information without inducing errors in the transmission *** this paper,we characterize such backflash light in gated InGaAs/InP SPADs and discuss its spectral and temporal characterization for different detector models and different operating *** qualitatively bound the maximum information leakage due to backflash light and propose solutions for preventing such leakage.

关键词： backflash quantum key distribution single-photon avalanche diode zero-error attack

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中国的玻璃钢工业

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复合材料科学与工程 1987年第3期 31-33页

作者： alice Davenport Pefer j.Morrow ,高建枢

这是美国1986年5～6月份出版的“中国商业评论”上的一篇文章。文章谈到了中国玻璃纤维、玻璃钢工业的现状、存在的问题、对策及前景展望。今特将原文译出供有关人员参考。

关键词：玻璃钢工业玻璃钢船玻璃钢艇玻璃纤维人造无机纤维树脂中华人民共和国增强材料

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青铜峡库区湿地自然保护区中心湖大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性及水质生物评价

青铜峡库区湿地自然保护区中心湖大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性及水质...

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作者：爱丽丝（Ekoko Wetshokonda alice）东北林业大学

学位级别：硕士

研究大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性是评价水域生态质量的最有效和最经济的方法之一。利用水的物理和化学参数的测量也可以用来评价水其环境质量,但这种评价不能准确代表水的实际状态。因此,有必要使用生物评价来全面了解水环境质量。与其他... 详细信息

研究大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性是评价水域生态质量的最有效和最经济的方法之一。利用水的物理和化学参数的测量也可以用来评价水其环境质量,但这种评价不能准确代表水的实际状态。因此,有必要使用生物评价来全面了解水环境质量。与其他生物相比,大型底栖无脊椎动物的生物监测已被认为是准确和有效的,因为大型底栖无脊椎动物对有机污染物极其敏感,并且分布广泛,易于采样和经济的特点。然而,目前还没有用大型底栖无脊椎动物在青铜峡库区湿地自然保护区中央湖进行水质评估的研究。本研究的目的是:(i)检测环境参数,(ii)提供有关大型底栖无脊椎动物多样性的信息,(iii)使用Shannon-Wiener生物指数(H’)、Pileou均匀度指数(j)和底栖动物BMWP评价水质,(iv)探讨中央湖大型底栖无脊椎动物功能摄食群(FFGs)与水体理化因子的关系。我们在2021年春季,夏季和秋季的10个采样点检测了10个水体理化因子,包括水温,电导率,p H值,水体透明度,水深,铵根离子(NH),总氮(TN),总磷(TP),溶解氧(DO)和化学需氧量(CODcr)。同时,还采集了969个大型底栖无脊椎动物。计算了生物多样性指数,包括物种丰度、相对丰度、香农-维纳多样性指数(H’)和Pileou均匀度指数(j)。此外,我们还计算了BMWP。采用单因素方差分析和非参数Kruskal-Wallis检验方法,对研究地各样点内生物指数和主要水环境因子的均值进行比较。利用典范对应分析(CCA)以探讨了物理化学参数与底栖大型无脊椎动物功能摄食群(FFGs)之间的关系。结果表明,水温(p=0.0000)、p H值(p=0.0000)、溶解氧(p=0.0000)、电导率(p=0.0006)、水深(p=0.0004)、铵(p=0.0000)、总氮(p=0.0002)和化学需氧量(p=0.0000)等8个水环境因子随季节变化显著。而水体透明度(p=0.6653)和总磷(p=0.1103)季节变化不显著。总体来说,通过比较三个季节水参数平均值发现,春季电导率(1.82 m S/m)、溶解氧(15.00 mg/L)、透明度(62.00 cm)、总磷(0.25mg/L)和CODcr(31.09 mg/L)均有所增加;而夏季水温(27.21°C)和p H值(8.80)很高。此外,秋季水深(137.50 mg/L),铵根离子浓度(5.73 mg/L)和总氮(6.40 mg/L)有所增加。结果表明,采集的969个大型底栖无脊椎动物隶属于9目22科24属42种。水生昆虫种类最多,有5目17科36种。总体而言,摇蚊科幼虫种类最多,有13种。在所有物种中,秀丽白虾(Leander modestus)数量最多占48.71%,其次是卵萝卜螺(Radix ovata)(18.27%),并且在所有季节的全部采样点均采集到。在S3采样点大型底栖无脊椎动物物种丰富度(18种)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(2.15)最高。而S4采样点相对丰度最高(20.12%)。此外,在S9和S10采样点Pielou均匀度指数(0.68)最大。然而,单因素方差分析结果表明,大型底栖无脊椎动物丰度、物种丰富度、香农-维纳指数和Pielou均匀度指数均无明显季节性变化(p=0.572、p=0.864、p=0.866、p=0.536)。BMWP值范围为19～40,最低值出现在S5采样点,最高值出现在S3采样点。Kruskal-Wallis检验表明,BMWP值在采样点和季节之间没有明显差异(p=0.4365)。总体而言,香农维纳指数(H’)、Pielou均匀度指数(j)和BMWP值监测表明,中央湖的水质处于轻污到良好状态。我们将收集的42种底栖大型无脊椎动物划分为5个功能摄食群:捕食者22种,集食者(11种),撕食者(5种),杂食者(2种)和刮食者(2种)。总体而言,杂食者是所有采样点和季节中最丰富的大型底栖无脊椎动物功能摄食群,占比高达48.81%,其次是刮食者(21.78%),捕食者(17.24%),集食者(9.29%)和撕食者(2.88%)。然而,采样点和季节之间这五个功能群的总丰度没有显著差异(Kruskal-Wallis,p=0.7428)。典范对应分析(CCA)结果表明,集食者(苏氏尾鳃蚓Branchiura sowerbyi,摇蚊Chironomus sp.,黄色羽摇蚊***,***,***,***,暗绿二叉摇蚊Dicrotendipes pelochloris,二叉摇蚊Dicrotendipus sp.,***,***和弯拟摇蚊Paracricotopus sp.)和捕食者(蟌Agriocnemis sp.,白腹小蟌A.l

关键词：水质 Shannon-Wiener指数(H’) Pielou均匀指数(j) 生物监测工作组BMWP

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Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 174-184页

作者： Qiaozhi Zha Diego Aliaga Radovan Krejci Victoria A.Sinclair Cheng Wu Giancarlo Ciarelli Wiebke Scholz Liine Heikkinen Eva Partoll Yvette Gramlich Wei Huang Markus Leiminger joonas Enroth Otso Per?kyl? Runlong Cai Xuemeng Chen Alkuin Maximilian Koenig Fernando Velarde Isabel Moreno Tuukka Pet?j? Paulo Artaxo Paolo Laj Armin Hansel Samara Carbone Markku Kulmala Marcos Andrade Douglas Worsnop Claudia Mohr Federico Bianchi Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics University of Helsinki joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences Nanjing University Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm University Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology University of Gothenburg Institute for Ion and Applied Physics University of Innsbruck Ionicon Analytik GmbH Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics Institute for Physics Research Universidad Mayor de San Andrés Institute of Physics University of Sao Paulo Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE) University of Grenoble Alpes Agrarian Sciences Institute Federal University of Uberl?ndia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Maryland Aerodyne Research Inc. Department of Environmental System Science ETH Zürich Switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

New particle formation(NPF) in the tropical free troposphere(FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules(OOMs)produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOMs measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4–5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase(in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.

关键词： oxidized organic molecules tropical aerosol formation Amazon free troposphere

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF CROP-LIVESTOCK FARMS IN AFRICA

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2021年第1期8卷 175-181页

作者： Mariana C.RUFINO Charles K.K.GACHENE Rodrigue V.C.DIOGO james HAWKINS alice A.ONYANGO Ousmane M.SANOGO Ibrahim WANYAMA Gabriel YESUF David E.PELSTER Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology University of NairobiNairobiP.O.Box 29053-00625Kenya Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of ParakouParakouP.O.Box 123Benin International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI) NairobiP.O.Box 30709-00100Kenya Institut d'Economie Rurale SikassoBP 16Mali Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 2560 Blvd HochelagaQuebec CityG1V 2J3Canada

Crop-livestock farms across Africa are highly variable due to in agroecological and socioeconomic factors,the latter shaping the demand and supply of livestock ***-livestock farms in Africa in the 20-first century are very different from most mixed farms elsewhere in the *** crop-livestock farms are smaller in size,have fewer livestock,lower productivity and less dependency on imported feed than farms in most countries of Europe,the Americas and the intensive agricultural systems of *** paper discusses the role African crop-livestock farms have in the broader socio-agricultural economy,and how these are likely to change adapting to pressures brought on by the intensification of food *** intensification implies increasing land productivity(more food per hectare),often leading to more livestock heads per farm,producing fertilized feeds in croplands and importing feed supplements from the *** discussion includes(1)the links between crop yields,soil fertility and crop-livestock integration,(2)the increasing demand for livestock products and the land resources required to meet to this demand,and(3)the opportunities to integrate broader societal goals into the development of crop-livestock *** is ample room for development of crop-livestock farms in Africa,and keeping integration as part of the development will help prevent many of the mistakes and environmental problems related to the intensification of livestock production observed elsewhere in the *** development can integrate biodiversity,climate change adaptation and mitigation to the current goals of increasing productivity and food *** inclusion of broader goals could help farmers access the level of finance required to implement changes.

关键词： finance integrate goals

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