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Determinants of prognosis in metastatic urothelial carcinoma:a review of the literature

Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 240-252页

作者： Gavin Hui ali raza khaki Petros Grivas Department of Medicine Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94304USA Division of Oncology Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCA 94304USA Division of Medical Oncology Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonFred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWA 98109USA

The treatments for metastatic urothelial carcinoma(mUC)have advanced substantially since *** tools have been used to inform clinical trial designs and treatment ***,prognostic tools were developed for mUC based on older clinical trials involving cytotoxic *** novel therapies emerged,there are studies investigating prognostic factors in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICI),antibody-drug conjugates,and targeted *** review aims to highlight prognostic factors in mUC and their potential in clinical decision-making and *** the setting of chemotherapy,patient performance status,site of metastatic burden,and specific laboratory findings were found to have prognostic value in *** the era of ICI,newer models identified variables such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,platelet count,and lactate dehydrogenase to also have potential prognostic *** addition to clinical biomarkers,molecular biomarkers,such as PD-L1 assay and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 and 3 genomic testings,may have promising prognostic and predictive *** methods of identifying clinical and molecular prognostic factors involve clinician *** large complex datasets emerge,machine learning and artificial intelligence may help data analysis and detect important prognostic *** careful validation,such machine learning-based strategies may help create more robust prognostic and/or predictive models in the future.

关键词： Bladder cancer biomarkers health outcomes nomogram prediction prognosis urothelial carcinoma urinary tract cancers

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Low Impedance Fault Identification and Classification Based on Boltzmann Machine Learning for HVDC Transmission Systems

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第2期10卷 440-449页

作者： Raheel Muzzammel ali raza the Department of Electrical Engineering University of LahoreLahore 54000Pakistan

Identification and classification of DC faults are considered as fundamentals of DC grid protection.A sudden rise of DC fault current must be identified and classified to immediately operate the corresponding interrupting *** this paper,the Boltzmann machine learning(BML)approach is proposed for identification and classification of DC faults using travelling waves generated at fault point in voltage source converter based high-voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)transmission *** unsupervised way of feature extraction is performed on the frequency spectrum of the travelling *** class logistic regression(BCLR)classifies the HVDC transmission system into faulty and healthy *** proposed technique reduces the time for fault identification and classification because of reduced tagged data with few ***,the faults near or at converter stations are readily identified and *** performance of the proposed technique is assessed via simulations developed in MATLAB/Simulink and tested for pre-fault and post-fault data both at VSC1 and VSC2,***,the proposed technique is supported by analyzing the root mean square error to show practicality and realization with reduced computations.

关键词： Binary class logistic regression(BCLR) Boltzmann machine learning(BML) DC grid protection fault identification and classification voltage source converter based high-voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)transmission system

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Mathematical Modelling of Rotavirus Disease Through Efficient Methods

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第9期72卷 4727-4740页

作者： ali raza Department of Mathematics Govt.Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Graduate College WazirabadPunjab Higher Education Department(PHED)Lahore54000Pakistan

The design of evolutionary approaches has a vital role in the recent development of scientific *** tackle highly nonlinear complex problems,nonlinear ordinary differential equations,partial differential equations,stochastic differential equations,and many more may called computational *** rotavirus causes may include severe diarrhea,vomiting,and fever leading to rapid *** the report of the World Health Organization(WHO),approximately 600,000 children die worldwide each year,80 percent of whom live in developing *** million children are hospitalized each *** Asia,up to 45 percent of the children hospitalized for diarrhea may be infected with *** rotavirus model is categorized into five-compartment like susceptible(S),breastfeeding(M),vaccinated(V),infected(I),and recovered children(R).Positivity,boundedness,equilibria,reproduction number,and stability results are part of the qualitative analysis of the *** that,the design of the evolutionary approaches on the model predicts the efficiency,visualization,long-term behavior of the disease,and best results of the rotavirus *** the end,evolutionary computations are an appropriate tool for double-checking the qualitative examination of the model.

关键词： Rotavirus disease epidemic model methods comparison analysis

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Effects of sphere size on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ductile iron–steel hollow sphere syntactic foams

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第6期23卷 676-682页

作者： Hamid Sazegaran ali-Reza Kiani-Rashid Jalil Vahdati khaki Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

The effects of sphere size on the microstructural and mechanical properties of ductile iron–steel hollow sphere（DI–SHS） syntactic foams were investigated in this study. The SHSs were manufactured by fluidized-bed coating via the Fe-based commercial powder–binder suspension onto expanded polystyrene spheres（EPSs）. Afterwards, the DI–SHS syntactic foams were produced via a sand-mold casting process. The microstructures of specimens were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDS）. The microscopic evaluations of specimens reveal distinct regions composed of the DI matrix, SHS shells, and compatible interface. As a result, the microstructures and graphite morphologies of the DI matrix depend on sphere size. When the sphere size decreases, the area fractions of cementite and graphite phases are observed to increase and decrease, respectively. Compression tests were subsequently conducted at ambient temperature on the DI–SHS syntactic foams. The results reveal that the compression behavior of the syntactic foams is enhanced with increasing sphere size. Furthermore, the compressed specimens demonstrate that microcracks start and grow from the interface region.

关键词： ductile iron steel syntactic foams microstructure mechanical properties

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Effects of copper content on the shell characteristics of hollow steel spheres manufactured using an advanced powder metallurgy technique

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第4期23卷 434-441页

作者： Hamid Sazegaran ali-Reza Kiani-Rashid Jalil Vahdati khaki Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering Engineering Faculty Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

Metallic hollow spheres are used as base materials in the manufacture of hollow sphere structures and metallic foams. In this study, steel hollow spheres were successfully manufactured using an advanced powder metallurgy technique. The spheres＇ shells were characterized by optical microscopy in conjunction with microstructural image analysis software, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDX）, and X-ray diffraction（XRD）. The microscopic evaluations revealed that the shells consist of sintered iron powder, sintered copper powder, sodium silicate, and porosity regions. In addition, the effects of copper content on various parameters such as shell defects, microcracks, thickness, and porosities were investigated. The results indicated that increasing the copper content results in decreases in the surface fraction of shell porosities and the number of microcracks and an increase in shell thickness.

关键词： steel hollow spheres powder metallurgy copper content shell characteristics

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A Fault Tolerant Control Scheme Using the Feasible Constrained Control Allocation Strategy

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2019年第5期16卷 628-643页

作者： Mehdi Naderi Tor Arne Johansen ali khaki Sedigh Center of Excellence in Industrial Control Faculty of Electrical EngineeringK.N.Toosi University of TechnologySeyyed Khandan BridgeShariati AvenueTehran ***Iran Center for Autonomous Marine Operation and Systems Department of Engineering CyberneticsNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheim 7491Norway

This paper investigates the necessity of feasibility considerations in a fault tolerant control system using the constrained control allocation methodology where both static and dynamic actuator constraints are considered. In the proposed feasible control allocation scheme, the constrained model predictive control(MPC) is employed as the main controller. This considers the admissible region of the control allocation problem as its constraints. Using the feasibility notion in the control allocation problem provides the main controller with information regarding the actuator′s status, which leads to closed loop system performance improvement. Several simulation examples under normal and faulty conditions are employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The main results clearly indicate that closed loop performance and stability characteristics can be significantly degraded by neglecting the actuator constraints in the main controller. Also, it is shown that the proposed strategy substantially enlarges the domain of attraction of the MPC combined with the control allocation as compared to the conventional MPC.

关键词： Control allocation feasibility fault tolerant control model predictive control domain of attraction

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Deep Learning-Based Robust DC Fault Protection Scheme for Meshed HVDC Grids

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第6期9卷 2423-2434页

作者： Muhammad Zain Yousaf Hui Liu ali raza ali Mustafa the School of Electrical Engineering Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China the School of Electrical Engineering University of LahoreLahore 39161Pakistan the School of Electrical Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Fast and reliable detection of faults is a significant technical challenge in transient-based protection for a modular multi-level converter(MMC)based high voltage direct current(HVDC)*** is because existing protection schemes rely heavily upon setting a complicated protective threshold,the failure of which causes high DC-fault currents in HVDC grids,and MMC is prone to such strong transient *** this context,this paper proposes a DC-line fault diagnosis technique based on a tuned long-short-term memory(LSTM)algorithm to improve the response and accuracy of transient-based *** discrete wavelet transform(DWT)extracts the transient features of DC-line voltages in the frequency-time *** healthy and faulty samples are incorporated during training even by considering the noise *** training,numerous test samples are run to evaluate the proposed algorithm’s robustness under various fault *** results show the proposed algorithm can detect DC faults and has a high recognition accuracy of 98.6%.Compared to contemporary techniques,it can perform well to identify DC-line faults because of the efficient training of characteristic features.

关键词： High voltage direct current(HVDC) longshort-term-memory(LSTM) primary protection voltage source converters(VSC)

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Guaranteed feasible control allocation using model predictive control

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Control Theory and Technology 2019年第3期17卷 252-264页

作者： Mehdi NADERI ali khaki SEDIGH Tor Arne JOHANSEN Center of Excellence in Industrial Control Faculty of Electrical Engineering K. N. Toosi University of Technology Seyyed Khandan Bridge Shariati Ave. Tehran Iran Center for Autonomous Marine Operation and Systems Department of Engineering Cybernetics Norwegian University of Science and Technology N7491 Trondheim Norway

This paper proposes a guaranteed feasible control allocation method based on the model predictive control. Feasible region is considered to guarantee the determination of the desired virtual control signal using the pseudo inverse methodology and is described as a set of constraints of an MPC problem. With linear models and the given constraints, feasible region defines a convex polyhedral in the virtual control space. In order to reduce the computational time, the polyhedral can be approximated by a few axis alig ned hypercubes. Employing the MPC with rectangular constraints substantially reduces the computational complexity .In two dimensions, the feasible region can be approximated by a few rectangles of the maximum area using numerical geometry techniques which are considered as the constraints of the MPC problem. Also, an active MPC is defined as the controller to minimize the cost function in the control horizon. Finally, several simulation examples are employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.

关键词： Control allocation feasible region actuator constraints model predictive control

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Mass-Casualty Distribution for Emergency Healthcare:A Simulation Analysis

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第3期11卷 364-377页

作者： Mohsin Nasir Jat raza ali Rafique Edwards School of Business University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N5A7Canada School of Management and Marketing Kean UniversityUnionNJ 07083USA

This study focuses on the casualty-load distribution problem that arises when a mass casualty incident(MCI)necessitates the engagement of multiple medical *** discrete event simulations,the study analyzed different MCI response regimes in Lahore,Pakistan,that vary in terms of the level of casualty-load distribution and the required coordination between the incident site and the responding *** terrorist attacks in this major metropolitan area were considered to set up experiments for comparing delays in treatment under the modeled *** analysis highlights that the number of casualties that are allowed to queue up at the nearest hospital before diverting the casualty traffic to an alternate hospital can be an important factor in reducing the overall treatment *** diverting the casualty traffic from the incident site to an alternate hospital can increase the travel time,while a delay in diversion can overload the nearest hospital,which can lead to overall longer waiting times in the *** casualty distribution mechanisms based only on the responding hospitals’available capacity and current load can perform inefficiently because they overlook the trade-off between the times casualties spend in traveling and in queues.

关键词： Casualty distribution Emergency response Mass casualty incidents Pakistan Urban terrorism

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Hepatocellular carcinoma review:Current treatment,and evidence-based medicine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第15期20卷 4115-4127页

作者： ali raza Gagan K Sood Department of Internal Medicine St. Luke’s Episcopal HospitalBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTX 77030United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Baylor College of MedicineSt. Luke’s Liver CenterHoustonTX 77030United States

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the fifth most common tumor *** treatment options are available for HCC including curative resection,liver transplantation,radiofrequency ablation,trans-arterial chemoembolization,radioembolization and systemic targeted agent like *** treatment of HCC depends on the tumor stage,patient performance status and liver function reserve and requires a multidisciplinary *** the past few years with significant advances in surgical treatments and locoregional therapies,the short-term survival of HCC has improved but the recurrent disease remains a big *** pathogenesis of HCC is a multistep and complex process,wherein angiogenesis plays an important *** patients with advanced disease,sorafenib is the only approved therapy,but novel systemic molecular targeted agents and their combinations are *** article provides an overview of treatment of early and advanced stage HCC based on our extensive review of relevant literature.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Trans-arterial chemoembolization Drug-eluting beads Radiofrequency ablation Liver transplantation Chemotherapy Sorafenib Radioembolization

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