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生姜精油的提取及其微胶囊包埋的研究

生姜精油的提取及其微胶囊包埋的研究

作者： alhassane toure 江南大学

学位级别：硕士

生姜（Zinziber Officinal）是饮料和食品加工过程中广泛使用的风味物质,也是医药史上的常用药物,它在中国、印度、非洲、和日本药品中都起到了重要的作用。生姜在治疗肠胃功能紊乱方面效果甚佳,并且有较好的止呕吐作用,可以有效治疗晕... 详细信息

生姜（Zinziber Officinal）是饮料和食品加工过程中广泛使用的风味物质,也是医药史上的常用药物,它在中国、印度、非洲、和日本药品中都起到了重要的作用。生姜在治疗肠胃功能紊乱方面效果甚佳,并且有较好的止呕吐作用,可以有效治疗晕船等引起的恶心、呕吐,因此深受美国人喜爱。医学研究表明,恶心、呕吐等和一些疾病共存,并且有非常复杂的联系,经过临床验证,生姜精油治疗是安全实用的治疗方法,并且这种方法在很多情况下可以和其他医学手段相结合。此外,人们早就肯定了生姜还有消炎,降低胆固醇,及抗血栓的功效。生姜精油具有很多生物学优点,但是在加工、储存、使用中易氧化,不稳定。本研究的目的在于,利用微胶囊将生姜精油包埋后进行喷雾干燥,以降低其氧化性,增加稳定性,并方便在食品、饮料、食品添加剂和医药中的使用。对比研究了几内亚（西非）生姜和中国生姜的化学组成,结果表明,中国产的生姜含有更多的蛋白质（1.4%）,脂肪（6.66%）和碳水化合物（77.4%）,而几内亚生姜含有较多的水分（11.65%）和灰分（6.36%）。通过水蒸气蒸馏法分别提取了中国和几内亚生姜中的挥发性物质（生姜精油）,这些挥发性物质是构成生姜风味的主要成分。采用气质联用（GC-MS）检测了以上两种生姜精油的组成,结果发现有九十多种成分存在浓度差异,而在过去它们被认为是一致的。这些有浓度差异的成分,分别组成了几内亚和中国生姜精油的93.57%和83.55%。Zinziberene在两种精油中都是含量最大的物质,分别占29.58%和31.1%。水蒸气蒸馏处理过程,不仅提取了生姜精油,而且也浓缩了萜烯类化和物和单萜烯物质。实验中将由水蒸气蒸馏方法用来提取的生姜精油进行微胶囊包埋,采用麦芽糊精和小麦蛋白作为微胶囊壁材,并通过正交试验来评价微胶囊壁材对精油的保持力（R）的影响和喷雾干燥对微胶囊的效率（MEE）的影响,优化得到了较高R值和MEE值,微胶囊最佳包埋条件:小麦蛋白:麦芽糊精= 1 : 1,芯材:壁材= 1 : 4,固体重量占胶囊总重的25%;喷雾干燥条件:均质压力30MPa,入口空气温度120°C,出口空气温度60°C,MEE和R分别达到:93.60%和93.30%。采用电子显微镜（SEM）观察了经喷雾干燥后的微胶囊外部结构形态,通过气质联用（GC-MS）比较了微胶囊包埋前后生姜精油中的16种主要挥发性物质的变化。样品中精油的氧化程度可以过氧化值来评价,利用洗涤的方法研究了壁材成分对表面油的影响,在精油被氧化过程中会产生H2O2,通过测定这些H2O2释放KI中碘的能力就可以得到过氧化值。在35°C时将微胶囊保存于不同的水分活度（ aw）条件下,分别测定了它们中精油的过氧化氧值,并通过水蒸气蒸馏测定了微胶囊内包埋油含量的变化,结果发现:在水分活度（ aw）为0.58时,微胶囊氧化稳定性最佳,在35°C时至少保持35天,因此麦芽糊精和小麦蛋白是包埋生姜精油的有效微胶囊壁材。研制了由大豆分离蛋白、生姜精油、油树脂等为主要成分的饮料（ISPD）,研究了这种饮料的功能性质,并进行了感官评定。与商品化的豆奶粉（CMSD）相比,ISPD的体积密度略大,而CMSD的可分散性、吸水性、水溶性略好,ISPD的颜色参数L*,‘a’和‘b’略高。为了得到较好风味和口感的ISPD饮料,加入不同含量的大豆分离蛋白、生姜精油、油树脂做成了一系列饮料样品,经15人感管评定后,样品C的风味和口感最佳。

关键词：生姜精油的提取 GC-MS 挥发性成分微胶囊效率 SEM 水分活度(aw) 氧化稳定性麦芽糊精小麦蛋白功能因子感官评定

Radiator Vibration Fatigue Analysis

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Journal of Electronics Cooling and Thermal Control 2017年第1期7卷 8-21页

作者： toure ismael Buyun Sheng Department of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China

This paper is the second step of our work. The first step presents a set of parametric studies performed on automotive radiators by designing different heat exchanger models. The analysis focuses on the cooling performance for automobile radiator by changing several dimensions of the radiator fin phase (P2.5, P2.4, P2.3, P2.2, and P2.1) as well as the importance of coolant flow lay-out on the radiator global performance [1]. The second step consists on the study of the vibration fatigue of the sample with the best heat dissipation performance we design (radiator P2.1). We use Hyper Mesh to proceed with the finite element model. Frequency response analysis is solved by using MSC. Nastran (MSC. MD. Nastran. v2010.1.3-MAGNiTUDE), fatigue durability ana-lysis by using MSC Fatigue. In this experiment, the frequency response of the unit load (the unit load is 1 g) is analyzed. Based on the analysis of the frequency response of the unit load, the fatigue life of the radiator is analyzed by the PSD (power spectral density) curve and the S-N curve. From our experiments results, we observe that the radiator we design meets the international requirements of fatigue vibration under automobile normal working condition.

关键词： Automobile Radiator Radiator Fin S-N and PSD (Power Spectral Density) Curve Fatigue Durability Frequency Response

Radiator Heat Dissipation Performance

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Journal of Electronics Cooling and Thermal Control 2016年第2期6卷 88-96页

作者： toure ismael Sheng Bu Yun Fayzimatov Ulugbek Department of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China

This paper presents a set of parametric studies of heat dissipation performed on automotive radiators. The work’s first step consists of designing five radiators with different fin pitch wave distance (P = 2.5, 2.4, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1 mm). Then, we proceed to the fabrication of our five samples. The purpose of this work is to determine through our experiment’s results which one have the best cooling performance. This numerical tool has been previously verified and validated using a wide experimental data bank. The analysis focuses on the cooling performance for automobile radiator by changing several dimensions of the radiator fin phase as well as the importance of coolant flow lay-out on the radiator global performance. This experience has been performed at Hubei Radiatech Auto Cooling System Co., Ltd. For the cooling performance experience, we use JB2293-1978 Wind Tunnel Test Method for Automobile and Tractor Radiators. The test bench system is a continuous air suction type wind tunnel;collection and control of operating condition parameters can be done automatically by the computer via the preset program, and also can be done by the user manually. The results show that the more we increase the fin phase, the better the cooling performance will be and we also save material so the product cost will be cheaper.

关键词： Fin Pitch Parametric Studies Automotive Radiators Cooling Performance Wave Distance

Assessment of the Management of Post-Tonsillectomy Pain at the ENT-CFS Department of Ignace Deen National Hospital

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2021年第6期10卷 477-486页

作者： Alpha Oumar Diallo Amadou Lamarana Diallo Carlos Othon Guelngar Abdoulaye toure ismael Dabo Abdoul Aziz Diallo Alimou Sinayoko ENT & CFS Department Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea Neurology Department Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Department Ignace Deen National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Tonsillectomy is described as one of the oldest surgical procedures according to the authors of the surgical treatise (Aulus Amida and Paul of Aegina in the 6th and 7th centuries) found in the Vatican library. The contraindication of codeine in children has changed the management of post tonsillectomy pain. The aim of this study was to assess the management of post tonsillectomy pain in our developing country context. Methods: This was a prospective, analytical study lasting 6 months (September 2019-February 2020), carried out in the ENT/CFS department of the Ignace Deen National Hospital. We included in this study all patients who underwent a tonsillectomy in the department during the study period and who agreed to participate in the survey. Results: 34 patients were included in our study, i.e. a frequency of 25% of surgical interventions. The mean age of our patients was 18.06 ± 12 years with extremes of 03 years and 45 years. Recurrent hypertrophic tonsillitis with sleep disturbances was the most frequent indication for surgery in our study, at 47.06% (n = 16). We performed an isolated tonsillectomy in 52.9% (n = 18) of cases. Analgesia was multimodal using the WHO Step I and II analgesics in 44.1% (n = 15) and 55.9% (n = 19), respectively. Pain control was satisfactory in all patients. Conclusion: The evaluation of post tonsillectomy pain is essential for optimal management. In this indication, multimodal analgesia, involving several levels I and II analgesics, provided satisfactory pain control.

关键词： Tonsillectomy Evaluation Postoperative Pain Conakry

Contribution of Immunohistochemistry in the Diagnosis of Lymphomas

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2018年第1期8卷 17-25页

作者： Daouda Kone Yao Nicaise Atimere Zana ismael Coulibaly Ulrich Acko Sogbety Eric Diomande Maimouna toure Pr Aissata Tolo Hematology Ward of University and Teaching Hospital of Treichville Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Pathologist Ward of University and Teaching Hospital of Treichville Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Internal Medecine Ward of University and Teaching Hospital of Treichville Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Internal Hospital Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire Department of Biology Abidjan Cote d’ivoire Department of Hematology Abidjan C&ocirc te d’ivoire

Objective: Making the interest of using immunohistochemistry clear in addition to histological test in the diagnosis of lymphomas. Methods: This is a retrospective study from January 2011 to June 2013 involving 18 cases of lymphomas collected in the teaching hospitals of Treichville and Yopougon. Results: 1) 38.88% diagnosis of LMNH B large-cell in histology against 38.88% LDGCB with IHC. 2) 11.11% diagnosis of LMNH small cell in histology against 11.11% with IHC. 3) 5.55% diagnosis of T lymphoma in histology against 27.77% diagnosis of T lymphoma with IHC. 4) 5.55% diagnosis of follicular lymphoma in histology against 11.11% diagnosis of LF with IHC. 5) 11.11% diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma in histology against 5.55% diagnosis of LB with IHC. 6) 5.55% diagnosis of medullary hypoplasia in histology against 5.55% diagnosis of Hodgkin’s disease. Our results confirm the contribution of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of lymphomas in addition to histological test. This is striking, especially as there is 27.77% of T lymphoma with immunohistochemistry against only 5.55% with histology.

关键词： Lymphomas Immunohistochemistry Histology WHO Classification

Postoperative Occlusion of the Small Bowel with Flanges and/or Adhesions in General Surgery of Kati BSS CHU

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Surgical Science 2018年第9期9卷 293-299页

作者： Abdoulaye Diarra Koniba Keita Amadou Traore Assitan Koné Issa Traore Idrissa Tounkara Abdoulaye Kante Fadima K.Tall Daouda Diallo Moustaph Issa Magané Madiassa Konate Aboubacar Koné Deborah Sanra Sanogo ismael Konare alhassane Traoré General Surgery Department KatiMali Anesthesia Service and Resuscitation Department KatiMali Gastroenterology Department KatiMali

Objectives were to determine the frequency, describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects, therapeutic and analyze the postoperative course. Methodology: This was a retrospective study that covered 08 years (January 2009-December 2017). Inclusion criteria: all patients operated for obstruction of the small bowel by hail and/or flanging. Exclusion criteria: other types of occlusion and non-operated patients. Result: We recorded a total of 162 cases of hail obstruction by adhesions and/or flanges at 2.87%. The average age was 32.04, the sex ratio was 1.2. The average consultation time was 4 days. Abdominal pain associated with stopping of material and gas was present in all our patients. X-ray of the abdomen without preparation carried out in all the patients made it possible to objectify in 150 patients (92.6%) of the hydro-hail levels. Inoperative occlusion of hail on flange was present in 80 patients (49.4%). Occlusion of the small bowel on flange and adhesion was present in 69 patients. Adhesion obstruction of hail accounted for 6.8% (11 cases). The most commonly used surgical technique was flange resection in 91 patients (56.2%). The follow-up was simple in 151 patients (93.2%). Mortality was 1.2% of cases, i.e. 2 deaths. The average duration of hospitalization was 6 days. Conclusion: Occlusion of the small bowel by flanging and/or adherence is a surgical emergency whose prognosis depends on early management.

关键词： Postoperative Occlusion Hail Bridle/Adherence Mali

Liver Abscesses in General Surgery at CsRef CI in Bamako Mali

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Surgical Science 2023年第9期14卷 590-597页

作者： Cheickna Tounkara Hamidou Samake Bambaké Dembele Modibo Togola Bakary Tientigui Dembele alhassane Traore Pierre Adégné Togo Lassana Kante Department of General Surgery of the Cs Ref of Commune I of Bamako Bamako Mali Directorate of Social and Health Service of the Armed Forces Mali Bamako Mali Department of General Surgery of the CHU Gabriel toure of Bamako Bamako Mali

Liver abscesses correspond to a newly formed cavity created by necrosis of the liver parenchyma induced by the pathogen. The aim of the present work was to study liver abscesses;determine the frequency;describe the clinical and paraclinical aspects, therapeutic and evolutionary modalities;determine the follow-up of treatment in order to assess the cost of treatment in the Reference Health Center of Commune I of Bamako in Mali. This prospective study, involving 30 cases of liver abscess, took place over a period of 24 months from January 2015 to December 2016 in the general surgery department of the Cs Ref of commune I. The liver abscess is very often the consequence of amoebiasis which is rampant in the underprivileged population and it remains topical in surgical practice in Mali. Our hospital frequency was 0.081% with an average age of 34.40 years and extremes of 16 and 61 years;a sex ratio of 2.3 in favor of men. The main clinical signs were fever (56.7%), hepatalgia (73.3%) and hepatomegaly (26.7%). Hepatic collections objectified on abdominal ultrasound were located in the right lobe in 70% of cases and unique in 62%. Amebic serology carried out in 100% was negative in 20%;10% of cases had undergone surgical treatment. The consequences were simple for all our patients. The average cost of care, approximately 100,000 FCFA, was significantly higher than the minimum wage (28,460 FCFA) in Mali.

关键词： Liver Abscess Guided Ultrasound Puncture Surgery Bamako Mali

Perception and Management of Hemorroid Disease at the CSREF of the Commune Bamako Mali

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Surgical Science 2024年第2期15卷 89-97页

作者： Tounkara Cheickna Diarra Mohamed Hassimy Diarra Issaka Sanogo Keita Bakary Dembele Bakary Tientigui Traore alhassane Togo Pierre Adégné Lassana Kante Department of General Surgery The Cs Ref of Commune I of Bamako Bamako Mali Department of General Surgery The Gabriel TOURE University Hospital in Bamako Bamako Mali

This work was a prospective transversal study over 6 (six) months from May 2 to December 31, 2017 at the Reference Health Center of Commune I and the Chérif la Confessional Health Center in Bamako. The aim was to study the knowledge, attitudes and behavioral practices linked to hemorrhoids in Commune I of the Bamako district, to evaluate the frequency of hemorrhoidal disease, to determine the knowledge, attitudes and behavioral practices linked to hemorrhoids among patients, their companions and traditional therapists in Commune I of the district of Bamako and the factors which influence the motivations and decisions to resort to medical-surgical care and traditional medicine in patients suffering from hemorrhoids in order to analyze the results of the management of hemorrhoidal disease at Cs Ref CI. We collected 36 patients with hemorrhoidal disease, 25 caregivers and 15 traditional hemorrhoidal disease therapists. The sex ratio was 1.25 for patients;6.5 for traditional therapists and 1.5 for accompanying people. The average age of the patients was 32.75 years;49 years for traditional therapists and 28.76 years for those accompanying them. 55.6% of patients claim to know about hemorrhoidal disease;100% of traditional therapists and 80% of accompanying people. The dietary factor of hemorrhoidal disease was mentioned by 90% of patients;66.7% of traditional therapists and 100% of caregivers. Most patients initially resorted to traditional treatment out of fear of surgery and its after-effects. The patients were treated medically and surgically.

关键词： Hemorrhoidal Disease Caregivers Traditional Therapists Patients Surgery CS Ref CI

Acute Intestinal Occlusions at the Cs Ref of Commune I of Bamako

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Surgical Science 2023年第12期14卷 748-757页

作者： Tounkara Cheickna Samake Hamidou Diarra Issaka Sanogo Modibo Traore Fousseyni Togola Modibo Traore alhassane Dembele Bakary Tientigui Togo Pierre Adégné Kante Lassana Department of General Surgery Cs Ref of Commune I Bamako Mali Directorate of the Social Health Service Armed Forces of Mali Mali Department of General Surgery Gabriel Toure University Hospital Bamako Mali

Acute intestinal obstructions are defined as a complete and persistent cessation of materials and gases in a segment of the digestive tract. They constitute a medical-surgical emergency. Our work aimed to study acute intestinal obstructions, to determine the hospital frequency, to describe the aspects (epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic), to analyze the surgical consequences and to evaluate the cost of the management of obstructions. acute intestinal infections in the general surgery department of the reference health center of commune I of Bamako in Mali. Our retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study took place from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019 in the general surgery department of the reference health center in commune I of Bamako. The average age was 47.72 years with extremes of 15 and 78 years and a standard deviation of 16.07. Our sex ratio (56 men/15 women) was 3.38. The clinical signs were dominated by abdominal pain (100%), vomiting (52.9%), cessation of materials and gases (25.4%) and meteorism (35.3%). The main etiologies found intraoperatively were strangulated hernia (54.9%), bands and/or adhesions (21.1%), sigmoid volvulus (12.7%), colorectal tumor (7%), small bowel volvulus (2.8%) and acute intestinal intussusception (1.4%). Hernia repair was the most performed surgical procedure, i.e. 54.9%. The overall mortality rate was 1.4%.

关键词： Acute Intestinal Obstructions Surgery Cs Ref CI Bamako Mali