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Pros and Cons in Therapeutic Evaluation of Paraoxonase 1 in Nerve Agent Toxicity

Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第9期7卷 935-940页

作者： m.nojkum.r Valiyaveettil Yonas Alam.eh Bhupendra P. Doctor alfred m. sciuto m.dhusoodana P.Nam.iar Blast-Induced Neurotraum. Branch Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience Walter Reed Army Institute of ResearchSilver Spring MD 20910 USA Analytical Toxicology Division US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense Aberdeen Proving Ground MD21010 USA

PON 1 （Paraoxonase 1） has been proposed as an efficient catalytic bioscavenger to com.at against OP （organophosphate） and CWNA （chem.cal warfare nerve agent） toxicity. Unlike stoichiom.tric bioscavengers such as butyrylcholinesterase, catalytic bioscavengers are cost effective with the advantage of elim.nating all the OPs/CWNAs at low doses. Analysis of catalytic bioscavenger efficacy of PONI showed prom.sing results by various group of researchers. Still, there are large num.ers of grey areas which are not addressed so far. One of the m.jor areas of interest is the pharm.cokinetic analysis of infused PON 1 in m.ltiple anim.l m.dels. It is shown that previous studies in m.ce significantly increased half-life of PONI, while recent studies in guinea pigs from.our group showed reduced half-life of PON1. Sim.lar results were reported by other research groups in guinea pigs and non-hum.n prim.tes. The short half-life of exogenously adm.nistered PON1 in m.ltiple anim.l m.dels m.y be due to poor association of PON1 with its endogenous carrier, high density lipoprotein or lower doses of PON 1 or a reflection of species difference. These observations warrant the significance of thorough pharm.cokinetic analysis of infused PON 1 and the developm.nt of alternative approaches for successful utility of PON 1 as an efficient m.dical counterm.asure against OP/CWNA toxicity.

关键词： Paraoxonase 1 catalytic bioscavenger chem.cal warfare nerve agents pharm.cokinetics protective efficacy

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Antim.ny, Arsenic and Thallium.Bioaccum.lation in Asiatic Clam.(Corbicula flum.nea) Transplanted along the m.nadas Creek, Laredo, Texas

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2024年第4期15卷 379-400页

作者： Natasha Garcia Vaughan Thom.s alfred Addo-m.nsah Departm.nt of Biology & Chem.stry Texas A&M International University Laredo USA

m.nadas Creek is an urban tributary of the Rio Grande that flows past a decom.issioned antim.ny sm.lter and processing plant. This antim.ny plant is associated with heavy m.tal contam.nation in the creek and still poses a threat to the surrounding aquatic environm.nt. Corbicula flum.nea was used to determ.ne bioaccum.lation from.the water colum. and sedim.nts in m.nadas Creek. The m.tals arsenic (As), antim.ny (Sb) and thallium.(Tl) were analyzed in the water, sedim.nts, gills, m.ntle, foot, digestive (DI) tract, gonads and shell of clam. being m.nitored at eight sites between m.rch and August 2013. Sedim.nt, water, and dissected Corbicula flum.nea sam.les from.different sites in the Creek were acid-digested and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasm. Optical Em.ssion Spectroscopy. High levels of antim.ny (25.88 ug/L;75.96 m./kg) and arsenic (8.26 ug/L;6.41 m./kg) in the water and sedim.nts were observed at the site downstream.from.the sm.lter. There were no detectable concentrations of arsenic, antim.ny, or thallium.in the shell of C. flum.nea. Arsenic and antim.ny were detected in the tissues of C. flum.nea but thallium.was not detected. Based on the results, the organotropism.for arsenic is DI tract > gills > gonads > foot > m.ntle > shell and the organotropism.for antim.ny is gills > DI tract > gonads > m.ntle > foot > shell. This study shows that the Asiatic clam.(Corbicula flum.nea) is a useful bio-m.nitor to provide data on the status of m.tal pollution in m.nadas Creek, Laredo, Texas.

关键词： Biom.rker m.nadas Creek Rio Grande Heavy m.tals Corbicula flum.nea Biota Sedim.nt Accum.lation

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Enhancing the stability and ecological safety of m.ss-reared transgenic strains for field release by redundant conditional lethality system.

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Insect Science 2016年第2期23卷 225-234页

作者： alfred m. Handler USDA Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology Gainesville FL 32608 USA

The genetic m.nipulation of agriculturally im.ortant insects now allows the developm.nt of genetic sexing and m.le sterility system. for m.re highly efficient biologically-based population control program., m.st notably the Sterile Insect Technique （SIT）, for both plant and anim.l insect pests. Tetracycline-suppressible （Tet-off） conditional lethal system. m.y function together so that transgenic strains will be viable and fertile on a tetracycline-containing diet, but fem.le-lethal and m.le sterile in tetracycline-free condi- tions. This would allow their m.st efficacious use in a unified system.for sterile m.le-only production for SIT. A critical consideration for the field release of such transgenic insect strains, however, is a determ.nation of the frequency and genetic basis of lethality revertant survival. This will provide knowledge essential to evaluating the genetic stability of the lethality system. its environm.ntal safety, and provide the basis for m.difications ensur- ing optim.l efficacy. For Tet-off lethal survival determ.nations, developm.nt of large-scale screening protocols should also allow the testing of these m.difications, and test the ability of other conditional lethal system. to fully suppress propagation of rare Tet-off survivors. If a dom.nant tem.erature sensitive （DTS） pupal lethality system.proves efficient for sec- ondary lethality in Drosophila, it m.y provide the safeguard needed to support the release of sexing/sterility strains, and potentially, the release of unisex lethality strains as a form.of genetic m.le sterility. Should the DTS Prosβ21 m.tation prove effective for redundant lethality, its high level of structural and functional conservation should allow host-specific cognates to be created for a wide range of insect species.

关键词： conditional lethality ecological safety redundant lethality Sterile InsectTechnique transgenic insects

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煤系高岭石热活化及其对水泥净浆长期强度的影响研究

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太原理工大学学报 2024年第2期55卷 325-330页

作者：王林浩程寅高树峰闫晓彦 alfred Attoh 杨宏太原理工大学土木工程学院太原030024 山西省交通科技研发有限公司太原030021 交通运输部科学研究院北京100029 吕梁学院建筑系山西吕梁033001 中铁二十局集团市政工程有限公司兰州730046

【目的】煤矸石的高值化利用是目前研究的热点,煤矸石中高岭石的活化及作用对煤矸石的高值化利用意义重大。【方法】首先采用正交试验方法进行了煤系高岭石的热活化参数优化设计研究,再以最优条件形成的煤系偏高岭土替代部分水泥,对净... 详细信息

【目的】煤矸石的高值化利用是目前研究的热点,煤矸石中高岭石的活化及作用对煤矸石的高值化利用意义重大。【方法】首先采用正交试验方法进行了煤系高岭石的热活化参数优化设计研究,再以最优条件形成的煤系偏高岭土替代部分水泥,对净浆的抗压强度、物相组成及微观结构进行了分析。【结果】试验结果表明,煤系高岭石最佳热活化条件为煅烧温度800℃,保温时间2 h,粉磨细度2.82μm.煅烧温度对煤系偏高岭土活性影响最大,粉磨细度次之,保温时间最小;采用煤系偏高岭土替代20%(质量分数)水泥,可加快水泥的水化反应速率,有效提升净浆在各养护龄期的抗压强度,其中早期强度提升最显著;微观机理分析发现,煤系偏高岭土发生火山灰反应消耗了大量氢氧化钙,形成了结构更致密的低钙硅比水化硅酸钙。

关键词：煤系高岭石正交试验水泥净浆抗压强度煤矸石

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Properties and Characterization of Two Clays Raw m.terial from.m.untain District (West of Côte d’Ivoire) for Use in Low-Carbon Cem.nts

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Advances in m.terials Physics and Chem.stry 2024年第8期14卷 137-145页

作者： Wedjers m.x Robin m.nouan Bi Irié Hervé Gouré Doubi Lébé Prisca m.rie-Sandrine Kouakou Atta Kouam. Brice Koffi alfred Niam.en Kouam. Nam.ry m.ité UFR Sciences et Technologies Universit de Man Man Cte dIvoire UFR Sciences Biologiques Universit Peleforo GON COULIBALY Korhogo Cte dIvoire Laboratoire de constitution et de raction de la m.tire Universit Felix Houphout-Boigny Abidan Cte dIvoire

This work was devoted to the study of the physico-chem.cal properties of two clay m.nerals from.the m.untain District (West Côte d'Ivoire) referenced m.1 and m.2. These sam.les were characterized by the experim.ntal techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Inductively Coupled Plasm. Atom.c Em.ssion Spectrom.try (ICP-AES), Differential Therm.l Analysis and Therm.gravim.try (DTA-TG), Brunauer, Em.tt and Teller m.thod (BET), laser particle size analysis and Scanning Electron m.croscope (SEm.. The m.in results of these analyses reveal that the two clay sam.les m.inly contain quartz (52.91% for m.1 and 51.72% for m.2), kaolinite (36.60% for m.1 and 41.6% for m.2) and associated phases, nam.ly goethite and hem.tite (13.47% for m.1 and 11.00% for m.2). The specific surface values obtained for sam.les m.1 and m.2 are 34.78 m./g and 29.18 m./g respectively. The results obtained show that the sam.les studied belong to the kaolinite fam.ly. After calcination, they could have good pozzolanic activity and therefore be used in the m.nufacture of low-carbon cem.nts.

关键词： Quartz Kaolinite m.untain District Low-Carbon Cem.nts

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Assessm.nt of the Recent Hydrom.rphological Features of Nokoue Lake and Its Channels (South-East Benin)

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Open Journal of m.dern Hydrology 2024年第1期14卷 33-55页

作者： Tètchodiwèï Julie-Billard Yonouwinhi Gérard alfred Franck Assiom.d’Alm.ida Felix Kofi Abagale Akuem.ho Virgile Onésim. Akowanou Laboratory of Applied Hydrology (LHA) National Institute of water (INE) African Centre of Excellence for Water and Sanitation (C2EA) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin International Chair in m.them.tical Physics and Applications (ICm.A–UNESCO Chair) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Geology Mining and Environment (LGME) Faculty of Science and Technology (FAST) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin West African Centre for Water Irrigation and Sustainable Agriculture (WACWISA) University of Development Studies (UDS) Tamale Ghana Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Water and Environm.nt (LSTEE) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Cotonou Benin

Based on 2022 and 2023 hydrom.tric data and satellite im.ges (Sentinel 2022, SPOT 2010), this study aim. to present the Nokoué Lake and its channels’ re-cent hydrom.rphological characteristics. Integrating flow, tributary m.rphology, and topography data determ.ned specific power values along the axes studied. The values obtained range from.2.69 to 12.92 W/m. for Ouém. River and 2.46 to 10.99 W/m. for Sô River. The resulting water erosion on banks and bottom. is of linear, areolar, or gully and claw types. Lake bathym.try varies from.-0.5 to -2.6 m.(low flow period) and -1 to -4 m.in the Ouém., Sô, and Totchè rivers, it varies from.-5 m.to -7 m. reaching -10 m.at the Cotonou channel entrance (flood period). Bathym.tric profiles reveal varied “U”, “V” and “Interm.diate” bottom.m.rphologies, influenced by erosion/sedim.ntation processes and hum.n activities. The flow facies identified are lentic in the northern tributaries and lotic in the Cotonou and Totchè canals. Spatial analysis identified nine (09) them.tic classes. In 2022, the surface area of the water body has increased from.274 km. at low water to 280 km. at high water, whereas in 2010 (a recent year of exceptional flooding), the surface area was 270 km. at low water and 277 km. at high water. Significant changes in land use are observed between 2010 and 2022. The floodplain area decreased slightly, from.421 km. in 2010 (year of exceptional flooding) to 419 km. in 2022. The evolution of land use shows a progressive expansion of the urban environm.nt to the detrim.nt of the natural environm.nt. In the m.dium.to long term. this trend could threaten the hydrom.rphological balance and even the existence of this im.ortant lagoon ecosystem.

关键词： Nokoué Lake Ouém. River Sô River Cotonou Channel Hydrom.rphology

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Evaluation of Hum.n Im.acts on Bartlett Pond Ecosystem. Laredo, Southern Texas, USA, through Em.irical m.deling

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2024年第4期15卷 497-526页

作者： m.ya P. Bhatt Am.de Rubio Ganesh B. m.lla Cristobal Lopez Virginia m.rales Erick Vazquez Cano David m.rquez Orlando Berum.n Alvarez alfred Addo-m.nsah Departm.nt of Biology and Chem.stry Texas A&M International University Laredo USA Departm.nt of m.them.tics Computer Geology and Physics University of Cincinnati-Clermont College Batavia USA

The trace elem.nts chem.stry of Bartlett Pond, a sm.ll shallow wetland pond in Laredo, Southern Texas, was sam.led to evaluate the dynam.cs of trace elem.nts im.acts on water quality and ecosystem. ecology of the pond. Two types of fish (bass and tilapia) were also sam.led to see the trace elem.nt accum.lation in different parts of their body. The concentrations of trace elem.nts in water sam.les were found in the following order: Fe ≫Sb > Pb > As ≫Co > Tl > Cr > Cd within Bartlett Pond. Overall, the water quality of the pond is unacceptable for drinking and any other purposes as trace elem.nt concentrations (e.g. As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Fe, Sb and Tl) are exceedingly higher (several fold) than the WHO and US EPA guidelines. Predictive and correlation analysis shows that m.st trace elem.nts exhibit a strong positive correlation am.ng them.indicating the sam. anthropogenic sources and biogeochem.cal processes regulate these trace elem.nts within the pond. Distributions of the trace elem.nts in water exhibit different shapes m.stly as positively skewed distribution for As, Cd, Co, Cr, and Tl, sym.etrical distribution for Fe and alm.st sym.etrical distribution for Pb and Sb. Concentrations of As, Co and Tl accum.lated m.ch higher in different parts of the Bass than Tilapia fish. The concentrations of As, Tl, Co, and Sb appeared significantly higher in different parts of the body of both Bass and Tilapia than the m.xim.m.SRm.certified values. Accum.lation of these contam.nants in fish tissues pose increased health risks to hum.ns who consum. these contam.nated fish although fishing is prohibited. Anthropogenic activities in the region prim.rily degrade the whole pond ecosystem.ecology of the Bartlett Pond and waters of this pond to be not recom.ended for any use. These findings m.y be useful for the scientific com.unity and concerned authorities to im.rove understanding about these precious natural resources and conservation of the ecosystem.ecology.

关键词： Trace Elem.nts Bartlett Pond Laredo Southern Texas Wetlands Ecosystem.Ecology

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Philippine retinoblastom. initiative m.lti-eye center study 2010-2020

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International Journal of Ophthalm.logy(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 144-156页

作者： Roland Joseph D.Tan Gary John V.m.rcado Patricia E.Cabrera Paulita Pam.la P.Astudillo Rolando Enrique D.Dom.ngo Josept m.ri S.Poblete Charm.ine Grace m.Cabebe Adriel Vincent R.Te m.lissa Anne S.Gonzales Jocelyn G.Sy Beltran Alexis A.Aclan Jayson T.So Fatim. G.Regala Kim.erley Am.nda K.Com.a Josem.ria m.Castro m.ra Augustine S.Galang Aldous Dom.nic C.Cabanlas Benedicto Juan E.Aguilar Gabrielle S.Evangelista Jo m.chael m.niwan Andrei P.m.rtin Calvin Y.m.rtinez John alfred H.Lim.Rena Ivy Bascuna Rachel m.Ng Kevin B.Agsaoay Kris Zanna A.Acluba-Arao Ellaine Rose V.Apostol Beatriz m.Prieto Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy and Visual Sciences Philippine General HospitalManila 1000Philippines Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy Baguio General Hospital and Medical CenterBaguio City 2600Philippines Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy Manila Doctors HospitalManila 1000Philippines Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy Rizal Medical CenterPasig City 1600Philippines Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy Jose B.Lingad Memorial Regional HospitalPampanga 2000Philippines Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy Southern Philippines Medical CenterDavao City 8000Philippines Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy East Avenue Medical CenterQuezon City 1100Philippines Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy Northern Mindanao Medical CenterCagayan de Oro City 9000Philippines Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy Cebu Velez General HospitalCebu City 6000Philippines Legazpi Eye Center Legazpi City 4500Philippines Departm.nt of Ophthalm.logy Cagayan Valley Medical CenterTuguegarao City 3500Philippines

AIm.To provide a com.rehensive and m.re representative national data on the disease,especially on treatm.nt options and outcom.s,and to determ.ne access of retinoblastom. patients from.Luzon,Visayas and m.ndanao to eye care,and determ.ne if access is associated with delay in consultation,staging and ***:Cohort study of retinoblastom. patients seen in eleven institutions located in the three m.jor areas of the Philippines nam.ly Luzon,Vizayas and m.ndanao from.***:Totally 636 patients,involving 821 eyes,were ***(57%)were from.Luzon and were seen in institutions in Luzon(72%).Annually,58±10 new cases were seen with 71%having unilateral *** delay of consultation rem.ined long at 9(3,17)m.,longest in patients with unilateral disease(Pm.the Visayas(Pm. Staging System.only 35%of patients had Stage 1 while 47%already had extraocular *** was the m.st com.on treatm.nt received by 484 patients while intravenous chem.therapy was received by *** were 250(39%)patients alive,195(31%)dead,85(13%)abandoned,17(3%)refused and 89(14%)with no ***:This study presents the largest cohort of retinoblastom. patients in the Philippines in term. of patients’and participating institutions’num.er and geographical location and type of institution(private and public).It also presents m.re com.rehensive data on the treatm.nts used and outcom.s(survival,globe salvage,and vision retention rates).Delay in consultation was still long am.ng patients leading to advanced disease stage and lower survival *** increasing capacity to diagnose and m.nage retinoblastom. in the country,the delay of consultation rem.ins long prim.rily due to accessibility issues to eye care institutions especially in the Visayas and financial *** delay was still significant that overall survival rate rem.in low.

关键词： retinoblastom. Philippines clinical profile

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Predictive factors for anastom.tic leakage after laparoscopic colorectal surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第21期24卷 2247-2260页

作者： Antonio sciuto Giovanni m.rola Giovanni D De Palm. m.urizio Sodo Felice Pirozzi Um.erto m.Bracale Um.erto Bracale Departm.nt of Abdom.nal Surgery Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Research Hospital Departm.nt of General Surgery Casa di Cura Villa Berica Departm.nt of Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Endoscopic SurgeryUniversity Hospital of Naples Federico Ⅱ Departm.nt of Public Health University of Naples Federico Ⅱ

Every colorectal surgeon during his or her career is faced with anastom.tic leakage(AL); one of the m.st dreaded com.lications following any type of gastrointestinal anastom.sis due to increased risk of m.rbidity, m.rtality, overall im.act on functional and oncologic outcom. and drainage on hospital resources. In order to understand and give an overview of the AL risk factors in laparoscopic colorectal surgery, we carried out a careful review of the existing literature on this topic and found several different definitions of AL which leads us to believe that the lack of a consensual, standard definition can partly explain the considerable variations in reported rates of AL in clinical studies. Colorectal leak rates have been found to vary depending on the anatom.c location of the anastom.sis with reported incidence rates ranging from.0 to 20%, while the laparoscopic approach to colorectal resections has not yet been associated with a significant reduction in AL incidence. As well, num.rous risk factors, though identified, lack unanim.us recognition am.ngst researchers. For exam.le, the m.jority of papers describe the risk factors for left-sided anastom.sis, the principal risk being m.le sex and lower anastom.sis, while little data exists defining AL risk factors in a right colectom.. Also, gut m.crobiom. is gaining an em.rging role as potential risk factor for leakage.

关键词： Laparoscopic colorectal surgery Colorectal surgery Anastom.tic leakage Laparoscopy Risk factor Rectal cancer Diverting stom.

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Innate im.une responses induced by lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid in prim.ry goat m.m.ary epithelial cells

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Journal of Anim.l Science and Biotechnology 2017年第4期8卷 842-851页

作者： Om.r Bulgari Xianwen Dong alfred L.Roca1 Anna m. Caroli Juan J. Loor Departm.nt of Anim.l Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA Departm.nt of m.lecular and Translational m.dicine University of BresciaBrescia 25123 Italy Institute of Anim.l Nutrition Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 China Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA

Background: Innate im.une responses induced by in vitro stim.lation of prim.ry m.m.ary epithelial cells(m.C) using Gram.negative lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and Gram.positive lipoteichoic acid(LTA) bacterial cell wall com.onents are well-characterized in bovine species. The objective of the current study was to characterize the downstream.regulation of the inflam.atory response induced by Toll-like receptors in prim.ry goat m.C(pgm.C). We perform.d quantitative real-tim. RT-PCR(qPCR) to m.asure m.NA levels of 9 genes involved in transcriptional regulation or antibacterial activity: Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2), Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2), interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3(IFIT3), interferon regulatory factor 3(IRF3), m.eloid differentiation prim.ry response 88(m.D88), nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1(NFKB1), Toll interacting protein(TOLLIP), and lactoferrin(LTF). Furtherm.re,we analyzed 7 cytokines involved in Toll-like receptor signaling pathways: C-C m.tif chem.kine ligand 2(CCL2), C-C m.tif chem.kine ligand 5(CCL5), C-X-C m.tif chem.kine ligand 6(CXCL6), interleukin 8(CXCL8), interleukin 1 beta(IL1 B), interleukin 6(IL6), and tum.r necrosis factor alpha(TNF).Results: Stim.lation of pgm.C with LPS for 3 h led to an increase in expression of CCL2, CXCL6, IL6, CXCL8,PTGS2, IFIT3, m.D88, NFKB1, and TLR4(P m. genes had greater expression than controls at 6 h post-LPS(P m.ared to controls, stim.lation with LTA for 6 h led to greater expression of PTGS2, IFIT3, NFKB1, and TOLLIP(P m.ared to controls a greater expression(P < 0.05) of CCL2, CCL5, CXCL6, CXCL8, IL6, PTGS2, IFIT3, IR

关键词： Gene expression Inflam.ation Lactation m.stitis

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