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Mulching as best management practice to reduce surface runoff and erosion in steep clayey olive groves

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2021年第1期9卷 26-36页

作者： Giuseppe Bombino Pietro Denisi Joséalfonso Gómez Demetrio Antonio Zema Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria Department"Agraria"LocalitàFeo di Vito1-89122Reggio CalabriaItaly Institute for Sustainable Agriculture(IAS-CSIC) Agronomy DepartmentAvenida Menéndez Pidal s/nE-14004CórdobaSpain

No-tillage and soil mulching with pruning residues,applied in olive groves of the semi-arid Mediter-ranean environment,as erosion control practices still practice not fully studied.This study has evaluated the saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ksat),surface runoff(SR)and soil erosion(SL)under rainfall at plot scale throughout two years in four different management practices,total soil cover with a net(SP),mechanical tillage(MT)and mulching by vegetal residues at 3,5·10^(3) and 17,5·10^(3) kg ha^(-1) of dry matter(NTR350 and NTR1750),in an olive grove of Southern Italy.Ksat varied between 1.6(MT)and 25.1(NTR1750)mm/h.A clear reduction in runoff and soil losses was detected for the mulch-based practices when compared to MT,from 20 to 32%in the runoff coefficient and 75-80%in SL,with higher reductions in the NTR1750.This reduction in SL can be mainly explained by the reduction in SR and rain-splash,interrill and rill erosion,due to protection by mulch residues,which increased the vegetal cover and organic matter content of mulched plots.The vegetal cover was on average higher in SP(33%),NTR1750(25%)and NTR350(22%),and lower in MT(12%).The mean organic matter content of soil was 2.01%,1.69%,1.34%and 0.82%for NTR1750,NTR350,SP and MT respectively.Overall,the results quantify the impact of soil mulching with pruning residues at different doses,which will provide guidelines to control and mitigate the hydrological response of clayey and steep soils in Mediterranean olive groves,analysing the associated environmental and economic benefits.

关键词： Pruning residues Tillage Soil loss Vegetal cover Organic matter Soil hydraulic conductivity

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Facial nerve palsy following parotid gland surgery:A machine learning prediction outcome approach

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2023年第4期9卷 271-279页

作者： Carlos M.Chiesa‐Estomba Jose A.González‐García Ekhiñe Larruscain Jon A.Sistiaga Suarez Miquel Quer Xavier León Paula Martínez‐Ruiz de Apodaca Celia López‐Mollá Miguel Mayo‐Yanez alfonso Medela Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Headand Neck Surgery Donostia University HospitalDonosti‐San SebastiánSpain Head&Neck Study Group of Young‐Otolaryngologists of the International Federations of Oto‐rhino‐laryngological Societies(YO‐IFOS) ParisFrance Biodonostia Health Research Institute San SebastiánSpain Department of Otorhinolaryngology Hospital Santa Creu I Sant PauUniversitatAutònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Otorhinolaryngology Doctor Peset University HospitalValenciaSpain Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Department Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña(CHUAC)A CoruñaGaliciaSpain Clinical Research in Medicine International Center for Doctorate and Advanced Studies(CIEDUS)Universidade de Santiago deCompostela(USC)Santiago de CompostelaGaliciaSpain LEGIT Health BilbaoSpain

Introduction:Machine learning (ML)‐based facial nerve injury (FNI) forecasting grounded on multicentric data has not been released up to now.Three distinct ML models,random forest (RF),K‐nearest neighbor,and artificial neural network (ANN),for the prediction of FNI were evaluated in this mode.Methods:A retrospective,longitudinal,multicentric study was performed,including patients who went through parotid gland surgery for benign tumors at three different university hospitals.Results:Seven hundred and thirty‐six patients were included.The most compelling aspects related to risk escalation of FNI were as follows:(1) location,in the mid‐portion of the gland,near to or above the main trunk of the facial nerve and at the top part,over the frontal or the orbital branch of the facial nerve;(2) tumor volume in the anteroposterior axis;(3) the necessity to simultaneously dissect more than one level;and (4) the requirement of an extended resection compared to a lesser extended resection.By contrast,in accordance with the ML analysis,the size of the tumor (>3 cm),as well as gender and age did not result in a determining favor in relation to the risk of FNI.Discussion:The findings of this research conclude that ML models such as RF and ANN may serve evidence‐based predictions from multicentric data regarding the risk of FNI.Conclusion:Along with the advent of ML technology,an improvement of the information regarding the potential risks of FNI associated with patients before each procedure may be achieved with the implementation of clinical,radiological,histological,and/or cytological data.

关键词： gland machine learning parotid personalized medicine surgery

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Climate,female traits and population features as drivers of breeding timing in Mediterranean red deer populations

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第5期12卷 396-408页

作者： Marta PELÁEZ alfonso SAN MIGUEL Carlos RODRÍGUEZ-VIGAL Ramón PEREA Department of Natural Systems and Resources Technical University of MadridMadridSpain National Parks Autonomous Agency MadridSpain Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA

Understanding the factors that lead to variation in the timing of breeding in widespread species such as red deer(Cervus elaphus)is crucial to predict possible responses of wild populations to different climate scenarios.Here,we sought to further understand the causes of inter-annual variation in the reproduction timing of female deer in Mediterranean environments.An integrative approach was used to identify the relative importance of individual,population and climate traits in the date of conception of free-ranging deer,based on a dataset of 829 hinds culled during 12 years.We found that a population trait,density,was the most important factor explaining the variation in conception dates,with greater densities causing later conception dates.Body mass was the second in importance,with heavier females conceiving earlier than lighter ones.Almost equally important was the spring real bioclimatic index,a measure of plant productivity,causing later conception dates in the least productive springs(drier and hotter).Another climatic component,the end of summer drought,showed that the sooner the autumn arrives(greater rainfalls and cooler temperatures)the earlier the conception dates.Interestingly,age class was found to be a minor factor in determining conception date.Only older females(≥10 years old)conceived significantly later,suggesting reproductive senescence.This study highlights not only the importance of population and individual traits but also the influence of climatic parameters on the deer reproductive cycle in Mediterranean environments,giving valuable insight into how reproductive phenology may respond to seasonality and global climate changes.

关键词： density-dependence mating short-day breeder summer drought ungulates

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Natural compounds and extracts from Mexican medicinal plants with anti-leishmaniasis activity: An update

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第12期10卷 1105-1110页

作者： Gabriel alfonso Gutiérrez-Rebolledo Susan Drier-Jonas María Adelina Jiménez-Arellanes Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialAv. Cuauhtémoc 330Col. DoctoresDelg. Cuauhtémoc06720 Ciudad de MéxicoMexico

Leishmaniasis is considered as an emerging, uncontrolled disease and is endemic in 98 countries. Annually, about 2 million cases of cutaneous and 500000 cases of visceraltype leishmaniasis are recorded and 60000 persons died from the disease. In Mexico,cutaneous leishmaniasis is known as chiclero's ulcer and is reported in 22 states, it is considered as a health problem. For its treatment, pentavalent antimonial drugs are administered. These drugs cause severe side effects, are costly. Drug-resistant cases have been reported and have been developing for over 70 years. One alternative to the drugs that are currently available is to find active molecules in medicinal plants. Dihydrocorynantheine, corynantheine and corynantheidine are active against Leishmania major,while harmane, pleiocarpin, buchtienin, luteolin and quercetin are active against Leishmania donovani. In Mexico, about 20 medicinal plants have been evaluated against Leishmania mexicana, among which the most active are Tridax procumbens, Lonchocarpus xuul and Pentalinon andrieuxii. From these plants, active compounds with IC_(50)≤30 mg/mL or m M have been isolated, such as 3(S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol or Oxylipin, cholestra-4,20,24-trien-3-one or pentalinosterol, 24-methylcholest-4-24(28)-dien-3-one, cholest-4-en-3-one, 6,7-dihydroneridie-none, neridienone, cholest-5,20,24-trien-3β-ol, and isocordoin. Today, only pentalinonsterol has been synthesized and assayed in the visceral leishmaniasis experimental model using BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani. Liposome formulation of this compound administered by intravenous route at 2.5 mg/kg showed a significant reduction of parasite load in mouse liver and spleen.

关键词： Active extracts Leishmaniasis Antileishmanicidal activity Natural compounds Mexican medicinal plants

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Impact of comorbidities on the severity of chronic hepatitis B at presentation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第14期18卷 1616-1621页

作者： Evangelista Sagnelli Tommaso Stroffolini alfonso Mele Michele Imparato Caterina Sagnelli Nicola Coppola Piero Luigi Almasio Department of Public Medicine Section of Infectious DiseasesSecond University of Naples80132 NaplesItaly Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Policlinico Umberto I00161 RomeItaly Laboratory of Epidemiology Clinical Epidemiology UnitIstituto Superiore di Sanità00161 RomeItaly Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Surgery "F.Magrassi e A.Lanzara" Second University of Naples80132 NaplesItaly Gastroenterology Unit University of Palermo90127 PalermoItaly

AIM:To evaluate the clinical relevance of each cofactor on clinical presentation of chronic hepatitis B.METHODS:Out of 1366 hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) positive subjects consecutively observed in 79 Italian hospitals,53(4.3%) showed as the only cofactor hepatitis D virus(HDV) infection [hepatitis B virus(HBV)/HDV group],130(9.5%) hepatitis C virus(HCV)(group HBV/HCV),6(0.4%) human immunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)(group HBV/HIV),138(10.2%) alcohol abuse(group HBV/alcohol);109(8.0%) subjects had at least two cofactors and 924 were in the cofactor-free(CF) group.RESULTS:Compared with patients in group CF those in group HBV/alcohol were older and more frequently had cirrhosis(P < 0.001),those in group HBV/HDV were younger(P < 0.001),more frequently resided in the south of the country and had cirrhosis(P <0.001),those in group HBV/HCV were older(P < 0.001) and more frequently had cirrhosis(P < 0.001).These cofactors were all independent predictors of liver cirrhosis in HBsAg positive patients.Multivariate analysis showed that an older age [odds ratio(OR) 1.06,95% CI:1.05-1.08],alcohol abuse with more than 8 drinks daily(OR 2.89,95% CI:1.81-4.62) and anti-HDV positivity(OR 3.48,95% CI:2.16-5.58) are all independently associated with liver cirrhosis.This association was found also for anti-HCV positivity in univariate analysis,but it was no longer associated(OR 1.23,95% CI:0.84-1.80) at multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION:Older age,HDV infection and alcohol abuse are the major determinants of severe liver disease in chronic HBV infection,while HCV replication plays a lesser role in the severity of hepatic damage.

关键词：慢性乙型肝炎合并症乙肝表面抗原乙型肝炎病毒丙型肝炎病毒病毒感染多元统计分析临床意义

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Resveratrol effects on neural connectivity during aging

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第7期11卷 1067-1068页

作者： Gonzalo Flores Rubén Antonio Vázquez-Roque alfonso Diaz Instituto de fisiología Benemerita Universidad autónoma de Puebla.14 Sur 6301PueblaMexico Departamento de Farmacia Facultad de Ciencias químicasbenemérita Universidad autónoma de PueblaPueblaMexico

Aging has been considered a natural process of any living being.The rate of aging depends on many factors,including genetic and environmental factors.For this reason,many researchers in this field suggest that aging i... 详细信息

关键词： resveratrol connectivity older hippocampus neuronal metabolism cortical Aging cortex PPAR

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Ontogenetic transition in leaf traits: a new cost associated with the increase in leaf longevity

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第6期7卷 567-575页

作者： Sonia Mediavilla Maria Herranz Patricia González-Zurdo alfonso Escudero Departamento de Ecología Facultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SalamancaSalamanca 37071Spain

Aims Recent work has identified a worldwide‘economics’spectrum of correlated leaf traits that mainly reflects the compromises between maximizing leaf longevity and short-term productivity.However,during the early stages of tree growth different species tend to exhibit a common strategy,because competition for soil water and nutrients forces the maximization of short-term productivity owing to the need for rapid growth during the most vulnerable part of the tree’s life cycle.Accordingly,our aim here was to compare the variations that occur during ontogeny in the different leaf traits(morphology and leaf chemical composition)of several coexisting Mediterranean woody species differing in their leaf life spans and to test our hypothesis that tree species with a long leaf life span should exhibit larger shifts in leaf characteristics along ontogeny.Methods Six Mediterranean tree species differing in leaf life span,selected from three plots located in central-western Spain,were studied during three growth stages:seedlings,juveniles and mature trees.Leaf life span,leaf morphology(leaf area,dry weight,thickness and mass per unit area)and chemical composition(N and fibre con-centrations)were measured in all six species.The magnitude of the ontogenetic changes in the different traits was estimated and related to the mean leaf longevity of the different species.Important Findings Along ontogeny,strong changes were observed in all variables analysed.The early growth stages showed lower leaf thickness,leaf thickness and mass per unit area and N,cellulose and hemi-cellulose concentrations than mature trees,but a higher lignin content.However,these changes were especially marked in species with a longer leaf life span at maturity.Interspecific dif-ferences in leaf life span,leaf morphology and chemical com-position were stronger at the mature stage than at the seedling stage.We conclude that greater plasticity and more intense strat-egy shifts along ontogeny are necessarily associated with long leaf life span.Our results thus p

关键词： leaf morphology leaf N concentration fibre content Pinus Quercus tree age class

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Relationship between Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Nutrition and the Severity of the Vascular Fusariosis

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第4期14卷 570-583页

作者： Mendoza-Medrano Daniel López-Orona Carlos alfonso Martínez-Gallardo José Ángel López-Urquidez Guadalupe alfonso Angulo-Castro Azareel León-Félix Josefina Agronomy Faculty Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa Culiacán México Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo Culiacán México

The vascular fusariosis is one of the main obstacles in the tomato crop production. Currently, the management of the nutrient solution is presented as a control option for fusariosis, for such reason different nutrient solutions with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) modifications;in four saladette tomato varieties Bony Best (BB), Manapal (M), Walter (W) and FLA were evaluated in this research, in order to analyze the damage caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (FOL) severity. Tomato plants were inoculated with 3 FOL breeds, establishing a completely random design with a factorial arrangement with six repetitions. Disease’s severity was evaluated 30 days after the inoculation using levels of (0 - 4) of the methodology established by Marlatt and Correll (1988). Afterwards, a statistical analysis was done through the Kruskal Wallis test, in which it was observed that treatments 93 (Ca 207 mg∙L-1, R3, variety BB), 95 (207 mg∙L-1 Ca, R3, variety W), 81 (0Ca, R3, BB) showed less disease severity. In the foliar analysis, the best treatments were 22 (193 mg∙L-1 N, R3, M) for N, the greatest P content was treatment 94 (207 mg∙L-1 Ca, R3, M) for K treatment three and 93 (207 mg∙L-1 Ca, R3, variety BB) greatest Ca content.

关键词： Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici Nutrient Solution Cultural Control

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Engineering of a Promoter Repressed by a Light-Regulated Transcription Factor in Escherichia coli

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BioDesign Research 2021年第1期2021卷 59-69页

作者： Daniel Camsund alfonso Jaramillo Peter Lindblad Microbial Chemistry Department of Chemistry-ÅngströmUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Molecular Systems Biology Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre(WISB)and School of Life Sciences University of WarwickCoventryUK Génomique Métabolique GenoscopeInstitut François JacobCEACNRSUniv EvryUniversitéParis-SaclayEvryFrance Institute for Integrative Systems Biology(I2SysBio) CSIC–Universitat de València46980 PaternaSpain

Light-regulated gene expression systems allow controlling gene expression in space and time with high accuracy.Contrary to previous synthetic light sensors that incorporate two-component systems which require localization at the plasma membrane,soluble one-component repression systems provide several advantageous characteristics.Firstly,they are soluble and able to diffuse across the cytoplasm.Secondly,they are smaller and of lower complexity,enabling less taxing expression and optimization of fewer parts.Thirdly,repression through steric hindrance is a widespread regulation mechanism that does not require specific interaction with host factors,potentially enabling implementation in different organisms.Herein,we present the design of the synthetic promoter P_(EL)that in combination with the light-regulated dimer EL222 constitutes a onecomponent repression system.Inspired by previously engineered synthetic promoters and the Escherichia coli lacZYA promoter,we designed P_(EL)with two EL222 operators positioned to hinder RNA polymerase binding when EL222 is bound.P_(EL)is repressed by EL222 under conditions of white light with a light-regulated repression ratio of five.Further,alternating conditions of darkness and light in cycles as short as one hour showed that repression is reversible.The design of the P_(EL)EL222 system herein presented could aid the design and implementation of analogous one-component optogenetic repression systems.Finally,we compare the P_(EL)-EL222 system with similar systems and suggest general improvements that could optimize and extend the functionality of EL222-based as well as other one-component repression systems.

关键词： pressed system analogous

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Failure Analysis of Austenitic Stainless Steel Implant Screws and Prospection of Chemical Composition Using Artificial Intelligence

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2022年第1期10卷 98-118页

作者： alfonso Monzamodeth Román-Sedano Bernardo Campillo Fermín Castillo Osvaldo Flores Facultad de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México Instituto de Ciencias Físicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Cuernavaca Morelos México

In this work, austenitic stainless steel screws employed in a locking compression plate for veterinarian use were investigated. These types of implants are widely utilized in bone fractures healing. Two surgical screws were extracted due to the observation of slight superficial red rust colorizing on one of the screw implants, visual evidence of probable screw rusting. From the same implant, another screw was extracted simultaneously without visual evidence of rusting. In order to characterize and analyze the different behavior of both screws, the chemical composition was characterized by atomic absorption and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) coupled to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Also, the screws were studied by metallography, optical microscopy (OM), Vickers microhardness tests, and SEM analysis. On the other hand, a prospection for alloy chemical composition limits of these types of implants was performed based on the Schaeffler-Delong diagram and the ASTM F-138 standard. To analyze the effect of the chemical composition, heat treatment, microstructure, pitting resistance equivalent number (PRE) and stacking fault energy (SFE), a genetic algorithm (GA) and an artificial neural network (ANN) were used. In accordance with the elemental analysis, the surgical screws do not fulfill the ranges of the chemical composition established by the ASTM F-138 standard. Furthermore, there were found differences between the microstructures of the screws. In regard to the prospection, the results of GA and ANN support the proposed chemical composition region on the Schaeffler-Delong diagram. The corrosion failure was associated with severe plastic deformation and the presence of precipitates. The proposal can minimize the cause of failures in these types of austenitic stainless steel implants.

关键词： Implant Screw Failure Analysis Genetic Algorithm Artificial Neural Network Austenitic Stainless Steel

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