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Legal Issues and Scientific Constraints in the Environmental Assessment of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in Mexico Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the Gulf of Mexico

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第5期4卷 39-45页

作者： Luis A. Soto alfonso Vázquez-Botello UA-Oceanic and Coastal Processes-Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México D.F. México

The largest accidental marine oil spill (4.9 million barrels) in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) seabed (1600 m) caused by the sinking of the Deepwater Horizon oil rig in 2010, put to the test once again the resilient capacity of the pelagic and benthic realms of this Large Marine Ecosystem. Many are the ecological services provided by its waters (fisheries, tourism, aquaculture and fossil fuel reserves) to neighboring countries (US, Mexico and Cuba). However, the unprecedented volumes of hydrocarbons, gas and chemical dispersants (Corexit) introduced in the system, represent ecological stressors whose deleterious effects are still the subject of civil claims and scientific controversy. Presumably, the short scale effects were confined to the Gulf’s northeastern shallow waters, and the combined actions of weathering, biodegradation, and oil recovery left the system almost under pre-spill conditions. Unfortunately, surface and subsurface oil plumes were detected in the spill aftermath, and their dispersion trajectories threatened Mexico EEZ. Surface oil slicks were detected in the pristine waters of northern Yucatán, while subsurface oil plumes from the Macondo’s well blowout were dangerously advancing southwest towards key fishing grounds in the northwestern GoM. This disaster prompted the Mexican government to implement an ambitious ocean monitoring program adopting a bottom-up approach focused on building a base line for more than 42 physicochemical and biological variables for water, sediment and biota from the continental shelf-slope region of the NW GoM. Technological constraints have precluded systematic observations in the vast Mexican EEZ that could discriminate natural variability and oil seep emissions from antropic disturbances. Therefore, preliminary risk analyses relied on seasonal and historical records. Two years of field observations revealed subtle environmental changes in the studied area attributed to antropic disturbances. Waters maintained oligotrophic

关键词： Deepwater Horizon Macondo’s Oil Spill Accident Mexico’s Exclusive Economic Zone Gulf of Mexico

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From the epicardial adipose tissue to vulnerable coronary plaques

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World Journal of Cardiology 2013年第4期5卷 68-74页

作者： Mauro Echavarría-Pinto Lorenzo Hernando fernando alfonso Interventional Cardiology Cardiovascular InstituteHospital Clinico San Carlos28040 MadridSpain Cardiology Department Fundación Alcorcón28922 MadridSpain

Thin cap fibroatheromas(TCFAs) are thought to be the most common underlying substrate in patients suffering acute coronary thrombotic ***,an interesting association between TCFAs and a particular depot of visceral fat called epicardial adipose tissue(EAT) has been *** this article,we discuss some basic and clinical aspects of this association and then briefly review some of the pathophysiological characteristics attributed to EAT that explain why this particular depot of fat has been attracting the attention of the cardiological scientific community in recent *** we discuss the value of optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of TCFAs and the role of multislice computed tomography to assess EAT.

关键词： Epicardial adipose tissue Thin-cap fibroatheromas Coronary thrombotic events Optical coherence tomography Multislice computed tomography

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Bowman-Birk inhibitors from legumes as colorectal chemopreventive agents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第30期20卷 10305-10315页

作者： alfonso Clemente Maria del Carmen Arques Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)18008 GranadaSpain

Aberrant functioning of serine proteases in inflammatory and carcinogenic processes within the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)has prompted scientists to investigate the potential of serine protease inhibitors,both natural and synthetic,as modulators of their proteolytic *** inhibitors of the Bowman-Birk type,a major protease inhibitor family in legume seeds,which inhibit potently and specifically trypsin-and chymotrypsin-like proteases,are currently being investigated as colorectal chemopreventive *** relevant amounts of Bowman-Birk inhibitors(BBI)can reach the large intestine in active form due to their extraordinary resistance to extreme conditions within the *** in animal models have proven that dietary BBI from several legume sources,including soybean,pea,lentil and chickpea,can prevent or suppress carcinogenic and inflammatory processes within the *** the therapeutic targets and the action mechanism of BBI have not yet been elucidated,the emerging evidence suggests that BBI exert their preventive properties via protease inhibition;in this sense,serine proteases should be considered as primary targets in early stages of *** validation of candidate serine proteases as therapeutic targets together with the identification,within the wide array of natural BBI variants,of the most potent and specific protease inhibitors,are necessary to better understand the potential of this protein family as colorectal chemopreventive agents.

关键词： Bowman-Birk inhibitors Cell proliferation Chemopre

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粘接剂的不同操作流程对托槽粘接强度的影响

粘接剂的不同操作流程对托槽粘接强度的影响

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作者： alfonso Parra Reyes 大连医科大学

学位级别：硕士

目的:固定矫治器在正畸治疗中应用广泛。正畸力通过固定矫治器作用于牙齿而使牙齿发生移动达成矫治目标。托槽与牙釉质的粘结问题会导致托槽脱落,延长矫治疗程,直接影响正畸治疗的疗程和效果。本研究目的在于比较相同粘结剂不同操作流程... 详细信息

目的:固定矫治器在正畸治疗中应用广泛。正畸力通过固定矫治器作用于牙齿而使牙齿发生移动达成矫治目标。托槽与牙釉质的粘结问题会导致托槽脱落,延长矫治疗程,直接影响正畸治疗的疗程和效果。本研究目的在于比较相同粘结剂不同操作流程,如牙釉质酸蚀时间延至60秒、牙釉质酸蚀处理后推迟5分钟再进行粘结时金属托槽和牙釉质之间的剪切强度(shear bond strength,SBS)和粘结剂残留指数(adhesive remnant index,ARI),进而分析临床工作中经常出现的操作变化对正畸治疗的影响,为正畸临床治疗提供参考。方法:本实验应用60颗双尖牙和两种正畸粘结系统:3M Unite?化学固化粘结系统和3M Transbond XT?光固化粘结系统进行研究,所应用酸蚀剂为Gluma Etch 35酸蚀凝胶。将符合纳入标准的60个样本随机分成两组,应用两种粘结系统进行实验。首先将两组样本置于丙烯酸树脂管中,每一组再随机分为三个亚组(每组10个样本),第I、II、III组应用3M Unite?化学固化粘结系统,第IV、V、VI组应用3M Transbond XT?光固化粘结系统。第I组和第IV组为对照组,依据粘结剂生产厂商推荐的操作规程进行粘结。第II组和第V组延长酸蚀时间至60秒,第III组和第VI组牙面酸蚀后浸泡于唾液环境中5分钟后进行粘结。剪切强度应用装载刃状边缘测试工具的Langrun WDW-1型拉力试验机,将其刃状边缘置于牙齿唇面,沿托槽-粘结剂-牙齿的界面施加向根尖向的压力直至粘结剂破裂。将破裂前产生的最大压力(N)转换成压强(MPa),即为粘结剂的剪切强度。应用Photoshop CC图像处理软件分析托槽脱落后牙齿表面剩余的粘结剂,计算粘结剂残留指数。利用SPSS 22.0统计软件对所得数据进行单因素方差统计学分析。结果:本实验所得剪切强度(MPa)为:第I组:10.60±4.55,第II组:10.58±4.34,第III组:13.77±3.08,第IV组:11.89±5.44,第V组:9.18±3.27,第VI组:10.18±5.14。粘结剂残留指数为:第I组:1.50,第II组:1.50,第III组:1.20,第IV组:2.00,第V组:1.90,第VI组:1.30。对照组(第I、IV组)与实验组(第II、III、V、VI组)剪切强度及粘结剂残留指数均存在轻微差异,但无显著性差异。结论:相同粘接剂各组以及两种粘接剂间的剪切强度及粘结剂残留指数均无统计学上的差异,但3M Unite?化学固化粘结系统,牙面酸蚀后浸泡于唾液环境中5分钟后进行粘结后的剪切强度略有增加,3M Transbond XT?光固化粘结系统,延长牙釉质酸蚀时间或牙釉质酸蚀处理后延迟粘结后的剪切强度均有减小趋势,提示临床在应用Transbond XT?光固化粘结系统时,虽有足够时间调整托槽位置,但牙釉质酸蚀处理后延迟粘结托槽的时间,有可能影响托槽与牙釉质的粘结强度。

关键词：正畸治疗固定矫治器托槽粘结操作流程剪切强度粘结剂残留指

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SARS-CoV-2:Air pollution highly correlated to the increase in *** case of Guadalajara,Jalisco,Mexico

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第2期8卷 445-457页

作者： Elizabeth Torres-Anguiano Itzel Sanchez-Lopez Angeles Garduno-Robles Jorge David Rivas-Carrillo Edgar alfonso Rivera-Leon Sergio Sanchez-Enríquez Luis fernando Ornelas-Hernandez fernando Zazueta Leon-Quintero Eduardo Narciso Salazar Leon-Quintero Guillermo Enrique Juarez-Lopez fernando Antonio Sanchez-Zubieta Mariana Ochoa-Bru Abraham Zepeda-Moreno Onkogenetik/Mexicana de Investigacion y Biotectogía S.A.de C.V GuadalajaraJaliscoMexico Unidad de Biología Molecular Investigacion y DiagnosticoHospital San JavierGuadalajaraJaliscoMexico Departamento de Fisiología Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJaliscoMexico Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genomica Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJaliscoMexico Departamento de Clínicas Centro Universitario de los AltosUniversidad de GuadalajaraTepatitlan de MorelosJaliscoMexico Departamento de Clínicas Medicas Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad de GuadalajaraGuadalajaraJaliscoMexico Servicio de Hemato-Oncología Pediatrica Hospital Civil de Guadalajara“Dr.Juan I.Menchaca”GuadalajaraJaliscoMexico Hospital Civil de Guadalajara“Fray Antonio Alcalde” GuadalajaraJaliscoMexico

Objectives:To determine whether air pollution or changes in SARS-CoV-2 lineages lead to an increase in ***:Descriptive statistics were used to calculate rates of infection(2020-2021).RT ePCR was used to compare viral loads from October 2020 to February *** sequencing(NGS)(n=92)was used to examine and phylogenetically map SARS-CoV-2 lineages.A correlative“air pollution/temperature”index(I)was developed using regression ***_(2.5),PM_(10),O_(3),NO_(2),SO_(2),and CO concentrations were analyzed and compared to the ***:The mortality rate during the last year was~32%.Relative SARS-CoV-2 viral loads increased in December 2020 and January *** revealed that approximately 80%of SARS-CoV-2 linages were B.1.243(33.7%),B1.1.222(11.2%),B.1.1(9%),B.1(7%),B.1.1.159(7%),and B.1.2(7%).Two periods were analyzed,the prehigh-and high-mortality periods and no significant lineage differences or new lineages were *** correlations of air pollution/temperature index values with mortality were found for IPM_(2.5) and IPM_(10).INO_(2).ISO_(2),and ICO but not for O_(3).Using ICO,we developed a model to predict mortality with an estimated variation of~±5 deaths per day.

关键词： Air pollution COVID-19 Guadalajara Mexico SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 lineages

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Pesticide Residue Control in the Years 1983-1985

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1989年第3期2卷 287-294页

作者： IVANO CAMONI alfonso DI MUCCIO MARIA SANDRA BELLISAI MARIO BERSACCHI PAOLO CITTI Istituto Superiore di Sanita Lab. Tossicologia Applicata Viale Regina Elena Rome Italy Ministero

Levels of organochlorinated, organophosphate, dithiocarbamic, benzimidazolic, and phthalimidic compounds, as well as some other pesticide residues obtained from Regional Laboratories in the years 1983-1985, were assembled and presented as a part of a study aimed at evaluating food contamination. Approximately 2000 samples of vegetables, fruits, cereals, and food of animal origin were analyzed by local laboratories during the years 1983, 1984, and 1985. Samples were randomly obtained from the market, at production levels, or sometimes at custom sites. Approximately 10,000 determinations of single compounds or classes of compounds were carried out. The analytical results are presented and compared with the Italian maximum residue limits. In the majority of the samples analyzed, either there were no residues or the residues were below the permitted level for the specific pesticide in each commodity. High levels of residues were present in a few cases, mainly with respect to some fungicides in fruits and vegetables and chlorinated compounds in some animal products. (c)1989 Academic Press, Inc.

关键词： Pesticide Residue Control in the Years 1983-1985

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烟台、兰州、新乡、九江四市城市居民家庭食材及来源地调查数据集（2020）

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全球变化数据学报(中英文) 2023年第1期 56-64+173-181页

作者：赵渺希姚玥希 alfonso Mejia 王嘉钰岑劲衡华南理工大学建筑学院华南理工大学亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室宾夕法尼亚州立大学市政和环境工程学院天津大学建筑学院

在双循环新发展格局的视野中，我国粮食供应对外依赖程度上升，提高我国城市食品供给的自足能力，成为缓解我国食品供给系统弹性不足的关键。鉴于各地域城市居民的饮食结构存在显著差异，从全球化角度解析城市居民食材的本地供应比重及... 详细信息

在双循环新发展格局的视野中，我国粮食供应对外依赖程度上升，提高我国城市食品供给的自足能力，成为缓解我国食品供给系统弹性不足的关键。鉴于各地域城市居民的饮食结构存在显著差异，从全球化角度解析城市居民食材的本地供应比重及其地域差异成为亟待补充的课题。为此，结合现有相关研究于2020年4月向烟台、兰州、新乡、九江四市的千余户家庭发放线上问卷，最后回收有效问卷752份。问卷内容涉及四市居民的家庭基本情况、不同食材的消耗量、食材来源地与影响居民购买食材的因素四项内容，最后汇总得到烟台、兰州、新乡、九江四市城市居民家庭食材及来源地调查数据集。该数据集内容包括：（1）2019年甘肃、河南、江西、山东四省食材进口数据；（2）四市家庭食谱调研问卷汇总表；（3）四市居民家庭社会经济特征；（4）四市居民的人均食材消耗；（5）四市食材需求本土化、全球化程度及变异系数；（6）影响居民购买食材的因素。数据集存储为.xlsx格式，由1个文件组成，数据量为209 KB。

关键词：城市居民食材消耗地域差异双循环

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Exploring the adjustment to parasite pressure hypothesis: differences in uropygial gland volume and haemosporidian infection in palearctic and neotropical birds

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Current Zoology 2021年第2期67卷 147-156页

作者： Sergio MAGALLANES Anders Pape MøLLER Charlene LUJÁN-VEGA Esteban FONG Daniel VECCO Wendy FLORES-SAAVEDRA Luz GARCÍA-LONGORIAA Florentino DE LOPE JoséA.IANNACONE alfonso MARZAL Department of Anatomy Cellular Biology and ZoologyUniversity of ExtremaduraAvda.de Elvas S/NBadajoz ES-06006Spain Ecologie Systématique Evolution UniversitéParis-SudOrsay 91400France Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesBeiing Normal UniversityBeiing 100875China Pharmacology and Toxicology Graduate Group University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCA 95616USA EverGreen Institute-San Rafael Distrito de IndianaLoreto 16200Perú Centro Urku de Estudios Amazónicos Tarapoto 22202Perú Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima 15024Perú Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab Department of BiologyLund UniversityLund 22100Sweden Laboratorio de Ingenieria Ambiental Universidad Cientifica del Sur-Villa el SalvadorLima 15067Perú Laboratorio de Invertebrados Universidad Ricardo PalmaSantiago de Surco 15039Perú

Parasites are globally widespread pathogenic organisms,which impose im portant selective forces upon their ***,in accordance with the A djustm ent to parasite pressure hypothesis,it is expected that defenses among hosts vary relative to the selective pressure imposed by *** to the latitudinal gradient in diversity,species richness and abundance of parasites peak near the *** uropygial gland is an im portant defensive exocrine gland against pathogens in *** of the uropygial gland has been proposed to vary among species of birds because of divergent selection by pathogens on their ***,we should expect that bird species from the tropics should have relatively larger uropygial glands for their body size than species from higher ***,this hypothesis has not yet been ***,we analyze the size of the uropygial gland of 1719 individual birds belonging to 36 bird species from 3 Neotropical(Peru)and 3 temperate areas(Spain).Relative uropygial gland volum e was 12.52%larger in bird species from the tropics than from temperate *** finding is consistent w ith the relative size of this defensive organ being driven by selective pressures imposed by *** also explored the potential role of this gland as a means of avoiding haemosporidian infection,showing that species with large uropygial glands for their body size tend to have lower mean prevalence of haemosporidian infection,regardless o f their geographical *** result provides additional support for the assum ption that secretions from the uropygial gland reduce the likelihood of becoming infected with haemosporidians.

关键词： adjustment to parasite pressure hypothesis malaria Neotropical region preen oil temperate region

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Adjuvant Taxanes in Breast Cancer: A Critical Re-appraisal

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2011年第3期2卷 317-321页

作者： alfonso Sanchez-Munoz Nuria Ribelles Emilio Alba Medical Oncology Department Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de la VictoriaMalaga.Spain.

Purpose: Several studies have reported a positive impact for taxanes in adjuvant breast cancer (BC) treatment in terms of reduced recurrence and mortality. However the impact of the magnitude on overall survival (OS) remains partially controversial. Methods: We examined the impact of taxane-containing adjuvant therapy for patients with early BC on OS, based on the number of deaths and on the calculated number of patients who need to be treated with taxanes to avoid one death (NNT). We classified patients in three different groups according to whether taxanes were administered concurrently or sequentially, and whether all treatment arms had the same or different duration. Results: 1) Taxanes in combination therapy: 8258 patients (4373 with taxanes and 3885 without taxanes), with 723 OS events. Overall survival for taxane-treated patients was 92.7% versus 89.6% for patients not receiving taxanes. NNT was 33. 2) Sequential treatment of unequal duration in the treatment arms: 14,228 patients (7970 with taxanes and 6256 without). Overall survival in taxane-treated patients was 86% compared with 83.2% for patients not receiving taxanes. NNT was 44. 3) Sequential treatment and similar duration in treatment arms: 9511 women (5093 with taxanes and 4418 without). Overall survival in patients treated with taxanes was 87% versus 85% in patients not receiving taxanes. NNT was 50. When the results of all these trials were considered together, the NNT stands at 43 patients. Conclusion: Taxanes afford a modest increase in overall survival in BC patients regardless of how they are given. Translational trials may well help to improve patient selection in the future.

关键词： Taxanes Adjuvant Chemotherapy Early Breast Cancer

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Numerical Approximation of Fractal Dimension of Gaussian Stochastic Processes

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Applied Mathematics 2014年第12期5卷 1763-1772页

作者： Freddy H. Marin Sanchez William Eduardo alfonso Basic Science Department EAFIT University Carrera 49 # 7 Sur-50 Medellín Colombia

In this paper we propose a numerical method to estimate the fractal dimension of stationary Gaussian stochastic processes using the random Euler numerical scheme and based on an analytical formulation of the fractal dimension for filtered stochastic signals. The discretization of continuous time processes through this random scheme allows us to find, numerically, the expected value, variance and correlation functions at any point of time. This alternative method for estimating the fractal dimension is easy to implement and requires no sophisticated routines. We use simulated data sets for stationary processes of the type Random Ornstein Uhlenbeck to graphically illustrate the results and compare them with those obtained whit the box counting theorem.

关键词： Stationary Gaussian Stochastic Processes Fractal Dimension Random Euler Numerical Scheme

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