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Assimilation of GoES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper Flash Extent Density Data in GSI 3DVar, EnKF, and Hybrid En3DVar for the Analysis and Short-Term Forecast of a Supercell Storm Case

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 263-277页

作者： Rong KoNG Ming XUE Edward R.MANSELL Chengsi LIU alexandre o.fierro Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A University of oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072U.S.A NoAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory NormanOklahoma 73072U.S A.4Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik Department of Forecasting Models-ZAMGVienna 1190Austria

Capabilities to assimilate Geostationary operational Environmental Satellite “R-series ”(GoES-R) Geostationary Lightning Mapper(GLM) flash extent density(FED) data within the operational Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation ensemble Kalman filter(GSI-EnKF) framework were previously developed and tested with a mesoscale convective system(MCS) case. In this study, such capabilities are further developed to assimilate GoES GLM FED data within the GSI ensemble-variational(EnVar) hybrid data assimilation(DA) framework. The results of assimilating the GLM FED data using 3DVar, and pure En3DVar(PEn3DVar, using 100% ensemble covariance and no static covariance) are compared with those of EnKF/DfEnKF for a supercell storm case. The focus of this study is to validate the correctness and evaluate the performance of the new implementation rather than comparing the performance of FED DA among different DA schemes. only the results of 3DVar and pEn3DVar are examined and compared with EnKF/DfEnKF. Assimilation of a single FED observation shows that the magnitude and horizontal extent of the analysis increments from PEn3DVar are generally larger than from EnKF, which is mainly caused by using different localization strategies in EnFK/DfEnKF and PEn3DVar as well as the integration limits of the graupel mass in the observation operator. overall, the forecast performance of PEn3DVar is comparable to EnKF/DfEnKF, suggesting correct implementation.

关键词： GoES-R lightning data assimilation EnKF EnVar

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Clinical Factors Associated with Hepatocellular Iron Deposition in End-stage Liver Disease

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2020年第3期8卷 231-239页

作者： Amelia fierro-Fine Leana Guerin Hasan Hicsasmaz Kyle E.Brown Department of Pathology University of Iowa Roy J.and Lucille A.Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA objectRelational LLP Iowa CityIAUSA Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology University of Iowa Roy J.and Lucille A.Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Program in Free Radical and Radiation Biology University of Iowa Roy J.and Lucille A.Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Iowa City Veterans Administration Medical Center Iowa CityIAUSA

Background and Aims: Hepatocellular iron accumulation in patients with chronic liver disease has been linked to adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify clinical factors associated with hemosiderosis. Methods: A total of 103 consecutive liver transplant recipients were identified, in whom liver biopsy had been performed prior to transplantation. Laboratory and clinical data at biopsy and transplant were abstracted from the medical records and hepatocyte iron was graded in the biopsy and explant. The association of change in iron score from biopsy to transplant, with the time interval between these two events, was examined using linear mixed model analysis for repeated measures. Results: Most subjects had advanced fibrosis (F3-F4) at liver biopsy, which was performed on average about 2.5 years before transplant. over 80% of patients had no or 1+ hepatocyte iron at biopsy;iron increased between biopsy and transplant in about 40%. The only demographic or clinical feature that correlated with increased iron was the presence of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Increased iron at transplant was associated with higher serum iron and transferrin saturation at biopsy, and with lower hemoglobin level, greater mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, higher ferritin and model for end-stage liver disease score at transplant.Conclusions: The development of hemosiderosis in end-stage liver disease is associated with lower hemoglobin levels and alterations in red blood cell indices that are suggestive of hemolysis. These observations suggest that extravascular hemolysis may play a role in the development of secondary iron overload.

关键词： Erythrocyte indices End-stage liver disease Hemolysis Hemosiderosis Humans Iron

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Carbon aerogels prepared by autocondensation of flavonoid tannin

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2019年第1期2卷 72-84页

作者： A.Szczurek V.fierro G.Medjahdi A.Celzard Universitede Lorraine CNRSIJLF-88000 EpinalFrance LTNFM Centre of New TechnologiesUniversity of WarsawBanacha 2c02097 WarsawPoland Universitéde Lorraine CNRSIJLF-54000 NancyFrance

The first carbon aerogels prepared by autocondensation of condensed(flavonoid)tannin,a cheap renewable resource extracted from Mimosa barks,are presented.Mixing aqueous solutions of tannin and sodium silicate indeed produced the very fast gelation of tannins,thus leading to organic hydrogels which were first converted into organic aerogels by supercritical drying,and then into carbon aerogels after pyrolysis at 900℃.Subsequent dissolution of the silica nanoparticles thus formed within the carbon structure further increased significantly the porosity of the materials.Silica thus appeared to be both the gelation catalyst and a pore-directing agent.In this work,the influence on the porosity of the silica/tannin ratio and of the nature of the etching agent used for removing the silica was thoroughly investigated by combining several techniques.The conditions for producing either the most porous materials or those with the highest surface areas were identified and discussed.

关键词： Condensed tannins Autocondensation reactions Mesoporous carbons Carbon aerogels

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Participation of Auxin Transport in the Early Response of the Arabidopsis Root System to Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第11期91卷 2383-2401页

作者： Elizabeth Carrillo-Flores Jonanci Arreola-Rivera DenníMariana Pazos-Solís Moisés Bocanegra-Mondragón Grisel fierro-Romero MaElena Mellado-Rojas Elda Beltrán-Peña Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales Edificio B3Instituto de Investigaciones Químico-Biológicas de la Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de HidalgoCiudad UniversitariaMorelia58030México Tecnológico de Monterrey School of Engineering and SciencesCampus QuerétaroSan PabloQuerétaro76130México School of the Environment Florida A&M UniversityTallahassee32307USA

The potential of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria(PGPR)has been demonstrated in the case of plant inoculation with bacteria of the genus Azospirillum which improves yield.A.brasilense produces a wide variety of molecules,including the natural auxin indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),as well as other phytoregulators.However,several studies have suggested that auxin induces changes in plant development during their interaction with the bacteria.The effects of A.brasilense Sp245 on the development of Arabidopsis thaliana root were investigated to help explain the molecular basis of the interaction.The results obtained showed a decrease in primary root length from the first day and remained so throughout the exposure,accompanied by a stimulation of initiation and maturation of lateral root primordia and an increase of lateral roots.An enhanced auxin response was evident in the vascular tissue and lateral root meristems of inoculated plants.However,after five days of bacterization,the response disappeared in the primary root meristems.The role of polar auxin transport(PAT)in auxins relocation involved the PGP1,AXR4-1,and BEN2 proteins,which apparently mediated A.brasilense-induced root branching of Arabidopsis seedlings.

关键词： Auxin Azopirillum brasilense Arabidopsis auxin transport lateral roots

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Continuous Action Reinforcement Learning for Control-Affine Systems with Unknown Dynamics

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2014年第3期1卷 323-336页

作者： Aleksandra Faust Peter Ruymgaart Molly Salman Rafael fierro Lydia Tapia the Department of Computer Science University of New Mexico the Computer Science Department Austin College the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico

Control of nonlinear systems is challenging in realtime.Decision making,performed many times per second,must ensure system safety.Designing input to perform a task often involves solving a nonlinear system of differential equations,which is a computationally intensive,if not intractable problem.This article proposes sampling-based task learning for controlaffine nonlinear systems through the combined learning of both state and action-value functions in a model-free approximate value iteration setting with continuous inputs.A quadratic negative definite state-value function implies the existence of a unique maximum of the action-value function at any state.This allows the replacement of the standard greedy policy with a computationally efficient policy approximation that guarantees progression to a goal state without knowledge of the system dynamics.The policy approximation is consistent,i.e.,it does not depend on the action samples used to calculate it.This method is appropriate for mechanical systems with high-dimensional input spaces and unknown dynamics performing Constraint-Balancing Tasks.We verify it both in simulation and experimentally for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs) carrying a suspended load,and in simulation,for the rendezvous of heterogeneous robots.

关键词： Control systems Nonlinear dynamical systems Robots Vehicle dynamics Function approximation Learning (artificial intelligence)

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Photoreceptor-Mediated Bending towards UV-B in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2014年第6期7卷 1041-1052页

作者： Filip Vandenbussche Kimberley Tilbrook Ana Carolina fierro Kathleen Marchal Dirk Poelman Dominique Van Der Straeten Roman UIm boratory of Functional Plant Biology Department of Physiology Faculty of Sciences Ghent University B-9000 Ghent Belgium Department of Botany and Plant Biology Sciences III University of Geneva CH-1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems Faculty of Bioscience Engineering KU Leuven B-3001 Heverlee Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Faculty of Sciences Ghent University B-9000 Ghent Belgium Department of Information Technology IMinds Faculty of Sciences Ghent University B-go00 Ghent Belgium Lumilab Department of Solid State Sciences Faculty of Sciences Ghent University B-9000 Ghent Belgium

Plants reorient their growth towards light to optimize photosynthetic light capture--a process known as phototropism. Phototropins are the photoreceptors essential for phototropic growth towards blue and ultraviolet-A （UV- A） light. Here we detail a phototropic response towards UV-B in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. We report that early differential growth is mediated by phototropins but clear phototropic bending to UV-B is maintained in photl phot2 double mutants. We further show that this phototropin-independent phototropic response to UV-B requires the UVoB photoreceptor UVR8. Broad UV-B-mediated repression of auxin-responsive genes suggests that UVR8 regulates directional bending by affecting auxin signaling. Kinetic analysis shows that UVR8-dependent directional bending occurs later than the phototropin response. We conclude that plants may use the full short-wavelength spectrum of sunlight to efficiently reorient photosynthetic tissue with incoming light.

关键词： phototropism UV-B auxin UVR8 Arabidopsis,

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Strategic Prospective Methodology to Explore Sustainable Futures

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2015年第11期11卷 606-614页

作者： Guillermo Gaindara fierro Tecnologico de Monterrey Monterrey Mexico

This paper shows prospective methodology as a tool to generate strategic knowledge for designing sustainable futures. The strategic prospective is a social science discipline dedicated to explore the future. Based on qualitative methods with participative experts and stakeholders, the strategic prospective allows designing different future scenarios and planning the transformation of a current situation into a desired future. To design sustainable futures, this paper proposes a four-stage methodology: understanding the context; strategy visualization; design of alternative scenarios and definition of desired future; and planning its construction. This methodology makes evident the possibility of seeking alternative scenarios for a sustainable future in different scopes, particularly, in two prospective applications: biodiversity conservation and water treatment. The outcomes of the application have allowed proposing strategies and policies for the management of environmental goods, such as environmental services and water reuse, with a long-time outlook based on a collective desired future.

关键词：可持续发展生物多样性保护应用程序环境服务利益相关者定性方法水处理科学学

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Educational Tourism:Spanish Schools and Their Consumers in a Dollarized Developing Country

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Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Management 2019年第3期7卷 120-126页

作者： Andres Palacio.fierro Universidad Tecnologica Indoamerica Machala y SabanillaQuito-Ecuador

Globally,tourism has been growing annually despite more threats of terrorist acts.In the same way,educational tourism and schools that teach Spanish as a foreign language,which belong to this type of tourism,have benefited to this global phenomenon,at least this trend is noticeable in the Spanish schools that are in Spain.However,there is no academic or governmental study to know if the same has happened with the Spanish schools located in Ecuador,a developing country situated in South America,whose particularity has a dollarized economy.Consequently,the present study aims to analyze the situation of Spanish schools in that country.Method:The study selected was the exploratory due to the lack of information on this topic.In addition,the approach adopted is the qualitative,to be able to have a better understanding of the phenomenon studied,using interviews with semi-structured questions to the eight institutions that make up the Ecuadorian Association of Teaching Spanish Centers.Results and conclusions:Spanish schools in Ecuador have not grown as other countries,because they have several difficulties.First,they have an unfair competition,especially by hostels which provide this service informally.Second,it is due to the higher costs compared to neighboring countries,because Ecuador adopted a strong currency for its economy.Third,idiomatic schools are in the middle of education and tourism,so they have complications in getting licenses and aids granted by the government.Despite these difficulties,they have innovated by offering more services,both educational and touristic,though,it is not a great profitable business.However,they have been able to maintain their business and earn a market share internationally.

关键词： cultural and linguistic immersion idiomatic tourism international students learning by traveling Spanish schools

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Pronuclear formation by ICSI using chemically activated ovine oocytes and zona pellucida bound sperm

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 370-377页

作者： J.E.Hernández-Pichardo Y.Ducolomb S.Romo M.E.Kjelland R.fierro F.Casillas M.Betancourt División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud Departamento de Producción Agrícola y AnimalUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-XochimilcoCiudad de MexicoMexico Division de Ciencias Biologicas y de la Salud Departamento de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana-IztapalapaSan Rafael Atlixco 186CP 09340 Ciudad de MexicoMexico Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias Facultad de EstudiosSuperiores CuautitlanUNAMCiudad de MexicoEstado de MexicoMexico Conservation Genetics&BiotechLLCValley CityNDUSA Division de Ciencias Biologicas y de la Salud Departamento de Biologia de la ReproduccionUniversidad Autonoma Metropolitana-lztapalapaCiudad de MexicoMexico Doctorado en Biologia Experimental Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-lztapalapaCiudad de MexicoMexico

Background： In order to improve ICSI, appropiate sperm selection and oocyte activation is necessary. The objective of the present study was to determine the efficiency of fertilization using ICSI with chemically activated ovine oocytes and sperm selected by swim up（SU） or swim up ＋ zona pellucida（SU ＋ ZP） binding.Results： Experiment 1, 4–20 replicates with total 821 in vitro matured oocytes were chemically activated with ethanol, calcium ionophore or ionomycin, to determine oocyte activation（precense of one PN）. Treatments showed similar results（54, 47, 42 %, respectively） but statistically differents（P 0.05）.Conclusions： Chemical activation induces higher ovine oocyte activation than mechanical activation. Ethanol slightly displays higher oocyte activation than calcium ionophore and ionomicine. Sperm selection with SU ＋ ZP increased AR/A and AR/D rates in comparison with SU in fresh and frozen-thawed sperm. According to this, in terms of fertilization rates, chemical activation after ICSI increased oocyte PN formation compared to mechanical activation. Also, fresh sperm treated with SU and SU ＋ ZP were significantly different than frozen-thawed sperm,but between sperm treatments no significant differences were obtained.

关键词： Ethanol ICSI oocyte activation ovine Pronucleus Zona pellucida

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Interplay between the glass and the gel transition

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2019年第10期62卷 45-50页

作者： Annalisa fierro Antonio de Candia Antonio Coniglio CNR-SPIN c/o Complesso di Monte S.AngeloNapoli 80126Italy Dipartimento di Fisica"Pancini" Universita di Napoli"FedericoⅡ"Complesso di Monte S.AngeloNapoli 80126Italy

By changing the control parameters,many physical systems reach a slow dynamics regime followed by an arrested or a quasiarrested state.Examples,among others,are gels and glasses.In this paper,we discuss some experimental and theoretical results in polymer and colloidal systems,where gel and glass transitions interfere,and use models from Mode Coupling Theory(MCT)to illustrate the rich phenomenology observed.The continuous and the discontinuous transition lines,found in the MCT models,are considered suitable to describe respectively the gel and the glass transitions,so we suggest that the interplay between gel and glass may be interpreted in terms of the F 13 MCT model,clarifying also the origin of logarithmic decays often observed in such systems.In particular,the theoretical predictions of the MCT in the model are compared with Molecular Dynamics simulations in model systems for chemical gels and charged colloids.

关键词： glass gel and sol colloid

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