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Neural regeneration research 2022年第10期17卷 2208-2210页

作者： alexandre f.r.stewart Hsiao-Huei Chen Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Ottawaand University of Ottawa Heart InstituteOttawaONCanada Centre for Infection Immunity and InflammationOttawaONCanada Medicine Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of Ottawa Brain and Mind InstituteOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada

Glutamate is the main exc i tatory neurotransmitter in the brain and binds to two major classes of receptors,theα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid(AMPA)and the N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)*** AMPA receptors that are immediately activated by glutamate release,NMDA receptors are blocked by magnesium and can only be activated by glutamate after membrane ***,NMDA receptors are only activated after repeated AMPA receptor activation by *** receptors are,for the most part,calcium-permeable *** influx through NMDA receptors modulates synaptic transmission in neurons based on prior history of excitation,and provides a means of scaling the strength of synapses required for Hebbian plasticity.

关键词： PTP1B aspartate NMDA

Activation of tyrosine phosphatases in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural regeneration research 2020年第12期15卷 2245-2246页

作者： alexandre f.r.stewart Hsiao-Huei Chen University of Ottawa Heart Institute OttawaCanada Ottawa Hospital research Institute OttawaCanada

Patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)have progressive memory loss,inability to reason,and display anxiety that accelerates disease *** points to two deficits:1)the brain fails to respond to insulin that regulates the formation of neuron connections required to store memories,and 2)deficits arise in the brain’s endogenous cannabinoid signaling that regulates mood and prevents anxiety(Aso and ferrer,2014).In addition,leptin signaling,important in regulating hypothalamic synaptic plasticity and cognitive function is also affected in AD(McGregor and Harvey,2018).

关键词： Alzheimer endogenous arise

Neuronal protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B hinders sensory-motor functional recovery and causes affective disorders in two different focal ischemic stroke models

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Neural regeneration research 2021年第1期16卷 129-136页

作者： Shelly A.Cruz Zhaohong Qin Konrad M.ricke alexandre f.r.stewart Hsiao-Huei Chen Ottawa Hospital research Institute Neuroscience ProgramUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada Brain and Mind Institute University of OttawaOttawaONCanada Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada Cellular and Molecular Medicine University of OttawaOttawaONCanada Department of Medicine University of OttawaOttawaONCanada Centre for Infection Immunity and InflammationUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada University of Ottawa Heart Institute OttawaONCanada

Ischemic brain injury causes neuronal death and *** activates protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B).Here,we tested the significance of PTP1B activation in glutamatergic projection neurons on functional recovery in two models of stroke:by photothrombosis,focal ischemic lesions were induced in the sensorimotor cortex(SM stroke)or in the peri-prefrontal cortex(peri-PfC stroke).Elevated PTP1B expression was detected at 4 days and up to 6 weeks after *** ablation of PTP1B in neurons of neuronal knockout(NKO)mice had no effect on the volume or resorption of ischemic lesions,markedly different effects on functional recovery were *** stroke caused severe sensory and motor deficits(adhesive removal test)in wild type and NKO mice at 4 days,but NKO mice showed drastically improved sensory and motor functional recovery at 8 *** addition,peri-PfC stroke caused anxiety-like behaviors(elevated plus maze and open field tests),and depression-like behaviors(forced swimming and tail suspension tests)in wild type mice 9 and 28 days after stroke,respectively,with minimal effect on sensory and motor ***-PfC stroke-induced affective disorders were associated with fewer active(fosB+)neurons in the PfC and nucleus accumbens but more fosB+neurons in the basolateral amygdala,compared to sham-operated *** contrast,mice with neuronal ablation of PTP1B were protected from anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and showed no change in fosB+neurons after peri-PfC *** together,our study identifies neuronal PTP1B as a key component that hinders sensory and motor functional recovery and also contributes to the development of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors after ***,PTP1B may represent a novel therapeutic target to improve stroke *** procedures for animal use were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Ottawa Animal Care and Veterinary Service(protocol 1806)on July 27,2018.

关键词： adhesive removal test anxiety depression elevated plus maze forced swimming test Iba1 interleukin-1β microglia open field test tail suspension test tumor necrosis factor-α

Interferon regulatory factor 2 binding protein 2:a new player of the innate immune response for stroke recovery

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Neural regeneration research 2017年第11期12卷 1762-1764页

作者： Hsiao-Huei Chen alexandre E r.stewart Ottawa Hospital research Institute OttawaCanada University of Ottawa Heart Institute OttawaCanada

Ischemic brain injury triggers an inflammatory response. tissue but can also exacerbate brain injury. Microglia are This response is necessary to clear damaged brain the innate immune cells of the brain that execute this critical function. In healthy brain, microglia perform a housekeeping function, pruning unused syn- apses between neurons. However, microglia become activated to an inflammatory phenotype upon brain injury. Interferon regulatory factors modulate microglial activation and their production of inflammatory cytokines. This review briefly discusses recent findings pertaining to these regulatory mechanisms in the context of stroke recovery.

关键词： interferon regulatory factors interferon beta protein 2 stroke inflammation synaptie pruning anxiety microglia interferon regulatory factor 2 binding

Dabrafenib,an inhibitor of rIP3 kinase-dependent necroptosis,reduces ischemic brain injury

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Neural regeneration research 2018年第2期13卷 252-256页

作者： Shelly A.Cruz Zhaohong Qin alexandre E r.stewart Hsiao-Huei Chen Ottawa Hospital research Institute OttawaCanada University of Ottawa Brain and Mind InstituteOttawaCanada University of Ottawa Heart Institute OttawaCanada Canadian Partnership for Storke recovery OttawaCanada

Ischemic brain injury triggers neuronal cell death by apoptosis via caspase activation and by necroptosis through activation of the receptor-interacting protein kinases （rIPK） associated with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNf-a）/death receptor. recent evidence shows rIPK inhibitors are neuroprotective and al- leviate ischemic brain injury in a number of animal models, however, most have not yet undergone clinical trials and safety in humans remains in question. Dabrafenib, originally identified as a B-raf inhibitor that is currently used to treat melanoma, was later revealed to be a potent rIPK3 inhibitor at micromolar con- centrations. Here, we investigated whether Dabrafenib would show a similar neuroprotective effect in mice subjected to ischemic brain injury by photothrombosis. Dabrafenib administered intraperitoneally at 10 mg/ kg one hour after photothrombosis-induced focal ischemic injury significantly reduced infarct lesion size in C57BL6 mice the following day, accompanied by a markedly attenuated upregulation of TNf-u. However, subsequent lower doses （5 mg/kg/day） failed to sustain this neuroprotective effect after 4 days. Dabrafenib bl ocked lipopolysaccharides-induced activation of TNf-ct in bone marrow-derived macrophages, suggesting that Dabrafenib may attenuate TNf-ct-induced necroptotic pathway after ischemic brain injury. Since Dab- rafenib is already in clinical use for the treatment of melanoma, it might be repurposed for stroke therapy.

关键词： ischemic brain injury inflammation macrophage Dabrafenib tumor necrosis factor-alpha photothrombosis receptor-interacting protein kinases necroptosis microgIia stroke neural regeneration

instaGraminoid,a Novel Colorimetric Method to Assess Herbicide resistance,Identifies Patterns of Cross-resistance in Annual ryegrass

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Plant Phenomics 2019年第1期1卷 185-197页

作者： Jefferson f.Paril alexandre J.fournier-Level School of Biosciences University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia

Herbicide resistance in agricultural weeds is a global problem with an increasing understanding that it is caused by multiple genes leading to quantitative *** quantitative patterns of resistance are not easy to decipher withmortality assays alone,and there is a need for straightforward and unbiased protocols to accurately assess quantitative herbicide ***—a computer vision and statistical analysis package—was developed as an automated and scalable method for quantifying herbicide *** package was tested in rigid ryegrass(Lolium rigidum),the most noxious and highly resistant weed in Australia and theMediterranean *** method provides quantitative measures of the degree of chlorosis and necrosis of individual plants which was shown to accurately reflect herbicide *** were able to reliably characterise resistance to four herbicides with different sites of action(glyphosate,sulfometuron,terbuthylazine,and trifluralin)in two *** populations from Southeast ***-validation of themethod across populations and herbicide treatments showed high repeatability and *** positive correlations in resistance of individual plants were observed across herbicides,which suggest either the accumulation of herbicide-specific resistance alleles in single genotypes(multiple stacked resistance)or the presence of general broad-effects resistance alleles(cross-resistance).We used these quantitative estimates of cross-resistance to simulate howresistance development under an herbicide rotation strategy is likely to be higher than expected.

关键词： straight likely Australia

Application of light detection and ranging and ultrasonic sensors to high-throughput phenotyping and precision horticulture: current status and challenges

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Horticulture research 2018年第1期5卷 480-490页

作者： Andréf.Colaço JoséP.Molin Joan r.rosell-Polo alexandre Escolà Biosystems Engineering Department “Luiz de Queiroz”College of AgricultureUniversity of São PauloAv.Pádua Dias11Piracicaba-SP13418-900Brazil research Group on AgroICT and Precision Agriculture Department of Agricultural and Forest EngineeringSchool of Agrifood and Forestry Science and EngineeringUniversity of Lleida–Agrotecnio CenterAv.Rovira Roure19125198LleidaCataloniaSpain CSIrO Waite CampusLocked Bag 2Glen OsmondSA5064Australia

Ultrasonic and light detection and ranging(LiDAr)sensors have been some of the most deeply investigated sensing technologies within the scope of digital *** can accurately estimate geometrical and structural parameters of the tree canopies providing input information for high-throughput phenotyping and precision horticulture.A review was conducted in order to describe how these technologies evolved and identify the main investigated topics,applications,and key points for future investigations in horticulture *** research efforts have been focused on the development of data acquisition systems,data processing,and high-resolution 3D modeling to derive structural tree parameters such as canopy volume and leaf *** applications of such sensors for precision horticulture were restricted to real-time variable-rate solutions where ultrasonic or LiDAr sensors were tested to adjust plant protection product or fertilizer dose rates according to the tree volume *** studies exploring other applications in site-specific management are encouraged;some that integrates canopy sensing data with other sources of information collected at the within-grove scale(e.g.,digital elevation models,soil type maps,historical yield maps,etc.).Highly accurate 3D tree models derived from LiDAr scanning demonstrate their great potential for tree ***,the technology has not been widely adopted by researchers to evaluate the performance of new plant varieties or the outcomes from different management *** solutions for tree scanning of whole groves,orchards,and nurseries would promote such adoption and facilitate more applied research in plant phenotyping and precision horticulture.

关键词： culture LiDAr maps

research and development of VUV optical coatings for micro mirror applications

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光学精密工程 2005年第4期13卷 465-470页

作者： alexandre Gatto Norbert Kaiser fraunhofer IOf Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena GermanyFraunhofer IOF Albert-Einstein-Str. 7 D-07745 Jena Germany

This paper deals with vacuum UV optical coatings for micro mirror applications. High reflecting low-stress optical coatings have been developed for the next-generation of micro mechanical mirrors. The optimized metal systems are applicable in the VUV spectral region and can be integrated in the technology of MOEMS, such as spatial light modulators (SLM) and micro scanning mirrors.

关键词： VUV 光学涂覆技术微镜技术薄膜调节器

A new modeling approach of pressure waves at the inlet of internal combustion engines

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Journal of Thermal Science 2011年第2期20卷 181-188页

作者： David Chalet alexandre Mahé Jean-franois Hétet Jérme Migaud Internal Combustion Engine Team Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics UMR CNRS 6598 Ecole Centrale de Nantes Advanced development Mann+Hummel France

This paper presents a new model used to describe the propagation of pressure waves at the inlet systems of internal combustion engine. In the first part, an analogy is made between the compressible air in a pipe and a mechanical ideal mass damper spring system. A new model is then presented and the parameters of this model are determined by the use of an experimental setup (shock tube test bench). With this model, a transfer function is defined in order to link directly the pressure and the air mass flow rate. In the second part, the model is included into an internal combustion engine simulation code. The results obtained with this code are compared to experimental ones which are measured on a one-cylinder engine test bench. This last one is driven by an electric motor in order to study only the effect of the pressure waves on the engine behavior. A good agreement is obtained between the experimental results and the numerical ones and the new approach is an alternative method for modeling the pressure wave phenomena in an internal combustion engine manifold.

关键词： gas dynamics pressure wave compressible flow frequency analysis transfer function internal combustion engine

Opposite Interplay Between the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway and PPAr Gamma： A Potential Therapeutic Target in Gliomas

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第3期34卷 573-588页

作者： alexandre Vallée Yves Lecarpentier rémy Guillevin Jean-Noёl Vallée Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications Unites Mixtes de Recherche (UMR) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7348 University of Poitiers PoitiersFrance Delegation a la recherche Clinique et a l'Innovation (DrCI) Hopital Foch Suresnes France Centre de recherche Clinique Grand Hopital de l'EstFrancilien Meaux France DACTIM UMR CNRS 7348 University of Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers Poitiers France CHU Amiens Picardie University of Picardie Jules VerneAmiens France

In gliomas, the canonical Wingless/Int（WNT）/b-catenin pathway is increased while peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma（PPAr-c） is *** two systems act in an opposite manner. This review focuses on the interplay between WNT/b-catenin signaling and PPAr-c and their metabolic implications as potential therapeutic target in gliomas. Activation of the WNT/bcatenin pathway stimulates the transcription of genes involved in proliferation, invasion, nucleotide synthesis,tumor growth, and angiogenesis. Activation of PPAr-c agonists inhibits various signaling pathways such as the JAK/STAT, WNT/b-catenin, and PI3 K/Akt pathways,which reduces tumor growth, cell proliferation, cell invasiveness, and angiogenesis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, curcumin, antipsychotic drugs, adiponectin,and sulforaphane downregulate the WNT/b-catenin pathway through the upregulation of PPAr-c and thus appear to provide an interesting therapeutic approach for ***（TMZ） is an antiangiogenic agent. The downstream action of this opposite interplay may explain the TMZ-resistance often reported in gliomas.

关键词： WNT/beta-catenin pathway PPAr gamma Glioma STAT3 pathway PI3K/Akt pathway NSAID Curcumin