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Amino acid fortified diets for weanling pigs replacing fish meal and whey protein concentrate:Effects on growth,immune status,and gut health

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第3期6卷 330-339页

作者： Yan Zhao alexandra C weaver Vivek Fellner Robert L Payne Sung Woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University Evonik Corp

Background： Limited availability of fish meal and whey protein concentrate increases overall feed costs. Availability of increased number of supplemental amino acids including Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Val, and lie allows replacing expensive protein supplements to reduce feed costs. This study was to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal and/or whey protein concentrate in nursery diets with 6 supplemental amino acids on growth performance and gut health of post-weaning pigs. Treatments were 1） FM-WPC： diet with fish meal （FM） and whey protein concentrate （WPC）; 2） FM-AA： diet with FM and crystalline amino acids （L-Lys, L-Thr, L-Trp, DL-Met, L-Val, and L-lie）; 3） WPC-AA： diet with WPC and crystalline amino acid; and 4） AA： diet with crystalline amino acid. Results： Pigs in FM-AA, WPC-AA, and AA had greater （P 〈 0.0.5） ADG and gain：feed than pigs in FM-WPC during wk ] （phase 1）. Plasma insulin concentration of pigs in AA tended to be greater （P = 0.064） than that of FM-WPC at the end of wk 1 （phase 1）. Plasma concentrations of IgG in AA was lower （P 〈 0.05） compared with WPC-AA and FW, and FM-AA had lower （P 〈 0.05） IgG concentration than WPC-AA at the end of wk 1 （phase 1）. Concentration of acetate in cecum digesta in FM-AA tended to be greater （P = 0.054） than that of FM-WPC and WPC-AA. Concentration of isovalerate in cecum digesta of pigs in FM-AA was greater （P 〈 0.05） than that of FW and WPC-AA. Conclusions： This study indicates that use of 6 supplemental amino acids can replace fish meal and/or whey protein concentrate without adverse effects on growth performance, immune status, and gut health of pigs at d 21 to 49 of age. Positive response with the use of 6 supplemental amino acids in growth during the first week of post-weaning may due to increased plasma insulin potentially improving uptake of nutrients for protein synthesis and energy utilization. The replacement of fish meal and/or whey protein concentrate with 6 supplemental amino acids could decrease the

关键词： Amino acid Fish meal Growth performance Pig Whey protein concentrate

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Improving efficiency of sow productivity: nutrition and health

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2013年第3期4卷 187-194页

作者： Sung Woo Kim alexandra C weaver Yan Bin Shen Yan Zhao Department of Animal Science North Carolina State UniversityNorth Carolina Raleigh 27695 USA

This reviews research focused to understand the nutrient requirement and balance to meet the needs of fetal growth,mammary growth,and milk *** summary will handle how feeding strategies can be adjusted according to the nutrient needs for a sow to enhance productivity and *** research data used in this summary are based on the studies conducted by the authors between 1996 and *** requirements of sows are affected by stage of gestation and parity of *** antioxidant concentrations need to be re-evaluated for its sufficiency in sow diets especially to prevent excessive oxidative stress during late gestation and *** feeding sows,consideration of phase feeding of gestating sows and parity feeding of lactating sows could enhances production longevity and health of *** of selected nutrients and additives seems to help productivity and health of sows.

关键词： Colostrum Gestation Lactation Milk Nutrition Pig

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Impacts of low level aflatoxin in feed and the use of modified yeast cell wall extract on growth and health of nursery pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 177-183页

作者： Yawang Sun Inkyung Park Jiyao Guo alexandra C.weaver Sung Woo Kim Department of Animal Science North Carolina State University

This study was to investigate the effect of corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxins(AF)under the regulatory level on the growth performance and health of nursery pigs,and the efficiency of yeast cell wall based feed additive(YC)mainly composed ofβ-glucans and mannan oligosaccharide(MOS)(Integral A+,Alltech,Lexington,KY)in prevention of ***(60 barrows and 60 gilts at 6.02 ± 0.83kg BW)were randomly allotted to 4 treatments in a randomized complete block design based on a 2×2 factorial arrangement with 10 pens(5 barrow and 5 gilt pens)per treatment and 3 pigs per *** were fed experimental diets for 5 *** factor was AF(0 or 20 mg/kg in feed)and the second factor was YC(0 or 2 g/kg in feed).Feed intake and body weight were measured weekly,and blood samples were used to measure blood cell counts,immunoglobulin G(Ig G),tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a),oxidative damage status,and serological evaluation related to liver *** decreased(P<0.05)the number of platelet count(247.4 to 193.5×10~3/μL),and it also tended to increase the level of albumin(P=0.055,3.46 to 3.63 g/d L),albumin:globulin ratio(P=0.050,2.09 to 2.37),and Ca(P=0.080,10.79 to 10.97 mg/d L).Yeast cell wall based feed additive increased(P < 0.05)ADG(493 to 524 g/d),and ADFI(796 to 846 g/d)of pigs whereas G:F was not affected,and it also tended to increase(P=0.055)albumin level(3.46 to 3.63 g/d L).Interactions(P < 0.05)on hemoglobin,hematocrit,and platelet count indicated that YC further increased their levels when pigs were eating AF contaminated ***(P < 0.05)on urea nitrogen and blood urea N to creatinine ratio indicated that YC further decreased their levels when feed were contaminated with *** conclusion,low level of 20 mg AF/kg under the regulatory level had minor effects on hematology without affecting growth performance,however the supplementation of 2 g/kg YC as a source ofβ-glucans and MOS in feed can improve feed intake and therefore the growth of pi

关键词： Aflatoxin β-glucans Health MOS Nursery pigs modified yeast cell wall extract

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霉菌毒素如何威胁家禽健康和生产性能

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2024年第1期44卷 41-43页

作者： Kayla Price alexandra weaver 蔡霞(译) 范美红(校) 李红(审) 不详

霉菌毒素是霉菌在受到应激或环境刺激时产生的代谢物。霉菌毒素一旦产生,就会非常稳定,在作物的整个收获、储存、加工和饲喂过程中都会残留在饲料中,对蛋鸡、种鸡和肉鸡都会造成危害。不同的霉菌会产生不同的霉菌毒素,这些霉菌毒素会影... 详细信息

霉菌毒素是霉菌在受到应激或环境刺激时产生的代谢物。霉菌毒素一旦产生,就会非常稳定,在作物的整个收获、储存、加工和饲喂过程中都会残留在饲料中,对蛋鸡、种鸡和肉鸡都会造成危害。不同的霉菌会产生不同的霉菌毒素,这些霉菌毒素会影响家禽的健康和生产性能。霉菌毒素污染是可控的,但必须采取从田间到农场的综合方法。

关键词：霉菌霉菌毒素家禽生产性能控制

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提高母猪生产效率:营养与健康

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2014年第S1期34卷 7-13页

作者：陈建康 Sung Woo Kim alexandra C. weaver Yan Bin Shen Yan Zhao

本综述主要研究能够满足猪胎儿生长发育、乳腺生长和泌乳需求的母猪营养需要和平衡。本文将讨论饲喂策略如何根据母猪的养分需要进行调节,以提高它们的生产效率和健康。本文所用的大部分研究数据是基于1996~2013年之间所进行的研究。母... 详细信息

本综述主要研究能够满足猪胎儿生长发育、乳腺生长和泌乳需求的母猪营养需要和平衡。本文将讨论饲喂策略如何根据母猪的养分需要进行调节,以提高它们的生产效率和健康。本文所用的大部分研究数据是基于1996~2013年之间所进行的研究。母猪的营养需要受母猪所处的妊娠阶段和胎次的影响。母猪日粮中的抗氧化剂浓度需要进行重新评估,以防止在妊娠后期和哺乳期出现极端的过氧化应激。在饲喂母猪时,考虑妊娠母猪的饲喂阶段和哺乳母猪的胎次,能提高母猪的生产寿命和健康状况。使用精选的营养成分和添加剂,似乎能帮助母猪提高生产力和改善健康状况。

关键词：初乳妊娠哺乳期母乳营养猪

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Small extrachromosomal circular DNA in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis matter

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1411-1413页

作者： Marcos J.Arauzo-Bravo Daniela Gerovska Matthias Schwab alexandra Kretz Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine Biodonostia Health Research InstituteSan SebastianSpain Basque Foundation for Science IKERBASQUEBilbaoSpainMax Planck Institute for Molecular BiomedicineComputational Biology and Bioinformatics GroupMünsterNorth Rhine-WestphaliaGermany Department of Cell Biology and Histology Faculty of Medicine and NursingUniversity of Basque Country(UPV/EHU)LeioaSpain Department of Neurology Jena University HospitalJenaThuringiaGermany

Comprehensive studies identify motor neuron spectrum disorders including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)as globally rising fatal disorders with the highest prevalence in aging populations,influenced by ethnicity and ancestry(GBD 2016 Motor Neuron Disease Colla borators,2018).While~10% of diagnoses involve a family history(fALS),most cases are considered sporadic(sALS).However,population-based studies suggest that even cases without a common index mutation impart heritability(Ryan et al.,2019),indicating a crucial role of rare and as yet unknown genetic denominators.

关键词： amyotrophic sclerosis

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Pressure-induced structural changes cause large enhancement of photoluminescence in halide perovskites: a quantitative relationship

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National Science Review 2021年第9期8卷 13-14页

作者： alexandra Navrotsky Center for Materials of the Universe Arizona State University

Halide perovskites containing both organic and inorganic cations are receiving extensive attention for their promising optoelectronic properties, including photoluminescence (PL)[1,2]. Tuning these properties for specific applications and designing and synthesizing perovskites with optimized properties are major goals of materials science. These goals will be achieved faster and more economically by harnessing a fundamental understanding of structure–property relations, rather than by random searches for better materials. Chemical composition,temperature and pressure are the major‘knobs’ one can turn to adjust properties such as conductivity and bandgap[1,3]. Each of these variables has the potential to change interatomic distances,

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“Pachyostosis” in aquatic amniotes: a review

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第4期4卷 325-340页

作者： alexandra HOUSSAYE Department of Earth History Museum of Natural HistoryParisFrance

During the course of amniote evolution,numerous taxa secondarily adapted to an aquatic *** appears that many of these taxa primitively display“pachyostosis,”an osseous specialization characterized by an increase in bone compactness and/or *** term“pachyostosis”is used in morphological and histological descriptions to describe what in fact corresponds to different *** aim of this paper is to present the current state of knowledge relative to this adaptation among aquatic *** the taxa that have returned to an aquatic environ-ment are ***,their degree of adaptation to the marine environment,their life environment,and the nature of their“pachyostotic”pattern,when present,are *** inventory enables the evaluation of the current quality of the data relative to this specialization and provides an indication of the work that remains to be *** functional consequences of“pachyostosis,”and notably its importance for buoyancy control in the context of hydrostatic regulation of the body trim,are discussed and opposed to the requirement of improved swimming abilities in the case of a hydrodynamic mode of trim *** are posed about the significa-tion of the polymorphism displayed by this specialization between different taxa,different specimens of the same taxon and different bones of the same specimen,and the problem of quantification of pachyostosis is discussed.

关键词： buoyancy control life environment locomotion “pachyostosis”sensu lato polymorphism.

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Diagnosis of colonic amebiasis and coexisting signet-ring cell carcinoma in intestinal biopsy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第36期22卷 8234-8241页

作者： alexandra Grosse Institute of Clinical Pathology University Hospital Zurich

Amebiasis is uncommon in developed countries. Several case reports in the literature emphasize that both the presenting symptoms and the radiological findings of colonic amebiasis closely resemble more common conditions, such as idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease and gastro-intestinal malignancy. We describe a unique case of colonic amebiasis(amebomas) coexisting with signet-ring cell carcinoma of the ileocecal valve, the cecum and the appendix. Endoscopically, the ulcerated tumor was indistinguishable from the ulcerations and pseudotumors(amebomas) detected in the ascending colon. Histological examination of biopsy specimens revealed the pathognomonic features of protozoa with ingested erythrocytes in combination with signet-ring cell infiltration. The author concludes that amebiasis may not only mimic carcinoma but, rarely, may coexist with carcinoma in the same patient. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of this possibility in order not to delay diagnosis and treatment of malignant disease.

关键词： Colonic amebiasis Histopathology Parasitic disease Colorectal carcinoma Colonoscopy

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Pandemic prevention and personality psychology: Gender differences in preventive health behaviors during COVID-19 and the roles of agreeableness and conscientiousness

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2022年第1期3卷 87-91页

作者： Tobias Otterbring alexandra Festila Department of Management University of AgderKristiansandNorway Freelancer CopenhagenDenmark

One of the greatest public health crises in recent times,the COVID-19 pandemic,has come with a myriad of challenges in terms of health communication and public cooperation to prevent the spread of the ***-derstanding which are the key determinants that make certain individuals more cooperative is key in effectively tackling pandemics and similar future *** the present study(N=800),we investigated whether gen-der differences in compliance with preventive health behaviors(PHB)at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic could be established,and,if so,whether the personality traits of agreeableness and conscientiousness could help explain this presumed *** with our theorizing,we found women to score higher than men on agreeableness and conscientiousness,and to be more willing to comply with a set of ***,both per-sonality traits were found to mediate the gender-compliance *** means that women’s greater compliance levels with PHB could,at least in part,be attributed to their higher agreeableness and conscientiousness scores.A greater understanding of the determinants of PHB in terms of gender and associated personality traits may help identify options for developing more effective communication campaigns,both in terms of communication channel selection and message content.

关键词： Covid-19 Pandemics Gender,personality Psychology Agreeableness Conscientiousness Preventive health behaviors

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