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A combination of density-based clustering method and DEM to numerically investigate the breakage of bonded pharmaceutical granules in the ball milling process

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Particuology 2021年第5期19卷 153-168页

作者： alexander Krok Peter Peciar Kieran Coffey Keith Bryan Sandra Lenihan Department of Process Energy and Transport EngineeringMunster Technological UniversityBishopstownCork T12 P928Ireland Department of Mechanical Biomedical and Manufacturing EngineeringMunster Technological UniversityBishopstownCork T12 P928Ireland Pfizer Newbridge LittleconnellNewbridgeCo.Kildare W12 HX57Ireland Institute of Process Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringSlovak University of TechnologyNam.Slobody 1781231 BratislavaSlovakia

Ball milling is widely used in industry to mill particulate *** primary purpose of this process is to attain an appropriate product size with the least possible energy *** process is also extensively utilised in pharmaceuticals for the comminution of the excipients or ***,for ball mill,little is known concerning the mechanism of size *** prediction approaches are not deemed useful to provide significant insights into the operation or facilitate radical step changes in ***,the discrete element method(DEM)as a computational modelling approach has been used in this *** previous research,DEM has been applied to simulate breaking behaviour through the impact energy of all ball collisions as the driving force for ***,the nature of pharmaceutical material fragmentation during ball milling is more *** functional equations which link broken media and applied energy do not consider the collision of particulate media of different shapes or collisions of particulate media(such as granules)with balls and rotating mill *** could have a significant impact on ***,this paper aimed to investigate the fragmentation of bounded particles into DEM granules of different shape/size during the ball milling process.A systematic study was undertaken to explore the effect of milling speed on breakage ***,in this study,a combination of a density-based clustering method and discrete element method was employed to numerically investigate the number and size of the fragments generated during the ball milling process over *** was discovered that the collisions of the ball increased proportionally with rotation speed until reaching the critical rotation ***,results illustrate that with an increase of rotation speed,the mill power increased *** caratacting motion of mill material together with balls was identified as the most

关键词： Ball milling Granular pharmaceutical lactose Density-based clustering Discrete element method Breakage Mill rotation speed ABAQUS

Community phylogenetic diversity and abiotic site characteristics influence abundance of the invasive plant Rhamnus cathartica L.

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journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第2期7卷 202-209页

作者： Timothy j.S.Whitfeld Alexandra G.Lodge alexander M.Roth Peter B.Reich Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota1530 Cleveland Avenue NorthSt PaulMN 55108-6112USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western SydneyPenrithNSW 2751Australia

Aims Theory predicts that the success of introduced species is related to the diversity of native species through trait-based *** site characteristics may also affect a site’s susceptibility to *** quantified resident plant species richness,phylogenetic diversity and several abiotic site characteristics for 24 oak forests in Minnesota,USA,to assess their impact on the abundance of a widespread,introduced terrestrial plant species,common buckthorn(Rhamnus cathartica L.).Specifically,we asked(1)whether resident species richness and phylogenetic diversity affected the abundance of *** and(2)what site characteristics explained the overall abundance of *** Our survey included 24 oak-dominated stands in Minnesota’s deciduous *** each stand,we identified all species in 16 *** also measured a series of environmental site characteristics,including canopy openness(a proxy for light availability),percent bare soil,soil pH,percent sand,an index of propagule availability,duff layer thickness(a proxy for earthworm activity),an index of insolation and *** all species present in at least one site,we estimated a community *** combined all sitelevel characteristics,including phylogenetic diversity of the resident plant species,in a multiple regression model to examine site-level drivers of community *** Findings Results indicate that sites with higher overall plant phylogenetic diversity harbor less ***,even though native species richness was not significantly related to *** *** analyses indicated that,in addition to resident species phylogenetic diversity,the most important predictors of *** abundance were canopy openness and the amount of bare soil,both positively related to the abundance of the *** combining the effects of abiotic site characteristics and resident species phylogenetic diversity in a model that predicted the abundance of R

关键词： invasibility R.cathartica L. phylogenetic diversity site characteristics

Automated ex-situ detection of pitting corrosion and its effect on the mechanical integrity of rare earth magnesium alloy-WE43

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第2期7卷 545-558页

作者： Kerstin van Gaalen Felix Gremse Felix Benn Peter E.McHugh alexander Kopp Ted j.Vaughan Biomechanics Research Centre(BioMEC) Biomedical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringCollege of Science and EngineeringNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland Meotec GmbH AachenGermany Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom

This study develops a three-dimensional automated detection framework(PitScan)that systematically evaluates the severity and phenomenology of pitting *** framework uses a python-based algorithm to analyse microcomputer-tomography scans(μCT)of cylindrical specimens undergoing *** approach systematically identifies several surface-based corrosion features,enabling full spatial characterisation of pitting parameters,including pit density,pit size,pit depth as well as pitting factor according to ASTM ***,it is used to evaluate pitting formation in tensile specimens of a Rare Earth Magnesium alloy undergoing corrosion,and relationships between key pitting parameters and mechanical performance are *** demonstrated that several of the parameters described in ASTM G46-94,including pit number,pit density and pitting factor,showed little correlation to mechanical ***,this study did identify that other parameters showed strong correlations with the ultimate tensile strength and these tended to be directly linked to the reduction of the cross-sectional area of the ***,our results indicate,that parameters directly linked to the loss of the cross-sectional area(*** material width),are parameters that are most suited to provide an indication of a specimen’s mechanical *** automated detection framework developed in this study has the potential to provide a basis to standardise measurements of pitting corrosion across a range of metals and future prediction of mechanical strength over degradation time.

关键词： Magnesium Corrosion Degradation Micro-computer-tomography Pit detection Automatization Mechanical integrity

Multi-stage ensemble-learning-based model fusion for surface ozone simulations: A focus on CMIP6 models

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2021年第4期8卷 41-54页

作者： Zhe Sun alexander T.Archibald Centre for Atmospheric Science Yusuf Hamied Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB21EWUK Department of Earth Sciences University of CambridgeCambridgeCB23EQUK National Centre for Atmospheric Science CambridgeCB21EWUK

Accurately simulating the geographical distribution and temporal variability of global surface ozone has long been one of the principal components of chemistry-climate ***,the simulation outcomes have been reported to vary significantly as a result of the complex mixture of uncertain factors that control the tropospheric ozone *** the cross-model discrepancies to achieve higher accuracy predictions of surface ozone is thus a task of priority,and methods that overcome structural biases in models going beyond naïve averaging of model simulations are urgently *** on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6),we have transplanted a conventional ensemble learning approach,and also constructed an innovative 2-stage enhanced space-time Bayesian neural network to fuse an ensemble of 57 simulations together with a prescribed ozone dataset,both of which have realised outstanding performances(R2>0.95,RMSE<2.12 ppbv).The conventional ensemble learning approach is computationally cheaper and results in higher overall performance,but at the expense of oceanic ozone being overestimated and the learning process being *** Bayesian approach performs better in spatial generalisation and enables perceivable interpretability,but induces heavier computational *** of these multi-stage machine learning-based approaches provide frameworks for improving the fidelity of composition-climate model outputs for uses in future impact studies.

关键词： CMIP6 CCM Surface ozone Model ensemble Space-time Bayesian neural network Data fusion

Influence of reversing currents on the erosion stability and bed degradation of widely graded grain material

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International journal of Sediment Research 2018年第1期33卷 68-83页

作者： alexander Schendel Nils Goseberg Torsten Schlurmann Ludwig-Franzius-Institute for Hydraulic Estuarine and Coastal EngineeringLeibniz University Hannover

Physical model tests were done in a recirculating flume to investigate the overall erosion stability of widely graded bed material in estuarine and coastal conditions by means of simulating tidal flow conditions with reversing currents. As a result of the reversing flow conditions, previously protected sediment eventually became exposed again, leading to bidirectional displacement processes depending on the flow direction. Furthermore, eroded sediment fractions were slightly finer due to flow in the initially applied direction rather than under the subsequently applied flow in the reverse direction. This indicates higher critical shear stresses, and, thus, erosion stability for the initial flow direction. In comparison to the erosional pattern found when subjecting the material to unidirectional currents, this study finds an even higher erosional stability for sediment fractions smaller than the median(d50) diameter of the parent bed material under reversing current conditions. Overall, no significant damage or failure of the bed was observed after subjecting the material to reversing currents, indicating only a small amount of bed degradation, and, thus, high potential for scour and bed protection under the tested flow conditions.

关键词： Scour protection Laboratory tests Erosion stability Bed degradation Reversing current Widely graded bed material

A comparison of base running and sliding techniques in collegiate baseball with implications for sliding into first base

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2016年第3期5卷 361-367页

作者： Travis Ficklin jesus Dapena alexander Brunfeldt Biomechanics Laboratory University of Northern Iowa Department of Kinesiology Indiana University Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare 4 techniques for arrival at a base after sprinting maximally to reach it: sliding head-first, sliding feet-first, running through the base without slowing, and stopping on the base. A secondary purpose of the study was to determine any advantage there may be to diving into first base to arrive sooner than running through the ***: Two high-definition video cameras were used to capture 3-dimensional kinematics of sliding techniques of 9 intercollegiate baseball players. Another video camera was used to time runs from first base to second in 4 counterbalanced conditions: running through the base, sliding head-first, sliding feet-first, and running to a stop. Mathematical modeling was used to simulate diving to first base such that the slide would begin when the hand touches the ***: Based upon overall results, the quickest way to the base is by running through it, followed by head-first, feet-first, and running to a ***: There was a non-significant trend toward an advantage for diving into first base over running through it, but more research is needed,and even if the advantage is real, the risks of executing this technique probably outweigh the miniscule gain.

关键词： Baseball Biomechanics First base Running Sliding

Nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for antiviral therapeutic drugs

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Engineered Regeneration 2021年第1期2卷 31-46页

作者： alexander Maus Lia Strait Donghui Zhu Department of Biomedical Engineering Stony Brook UniversityUnited States

With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic still escalating,many researchers are turning to nanotechnology as a method of treatment not only for this pandemic,but in preparation for the pandemics of the *** both a wide variety of biomaterials at their disposal and the recent rise of nanotechnology,scientists now have the means to release and distribute therapeutic drugs in a variety of *** a variety permits medical professionals the ability to choose biomaterials and methods that would provide the best release and treatment methodologies for the viral ailment they are attempting to *** integrative review discusses context of previous pandemics,viral pathogenesis,issues associated with the current state of antiviral delivery systems,numerous biomaterials used for this purpose,and further information regarding the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： Nanotechnology COVID-19 Antiviral Drug selivery

Energy Disaggregation of Industrial Machinery Utilizing Artificial Neural Networks for Non-intrusive Load Monitoring

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Energy and AI

Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 342-356页

作者： Philipp Pelger johannes Steinleitner alexander Sauer Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA Stuttgart 70569Germany Institute for Energy Efficiency in Production(EEP) University of StuttgartStuttgart 70569Germany

This paper explores the application of non-intrusive load monitoring techniques in the industrial sector for disaggregating the energy consumption of machinery in manufacturing processes. With an increasing focus on energy efficiency and decarbonization measures, achieving energy transparency in production becomes crucial. Utilizing non-intrusive load monitoring, energy data analysis and processing can provide valuable insights for informed decision-making on energy efficiency improvements and emission reductions. While non-intrusive load monitoring has been extensively researched in the building and residential sectors, the application in the industrial manufacturing domain needs to be further explored. This paper addresses this research gap by adapting established non-intrusive load monitoring techniques to an industrial dataset. By employing artificial neural networks for energy disaggregation, the determination of energy consumption of industrial machinery is made possible. Therefore, a generally applicable cross-energy carrier method to disaggregate the energy consumption of machinery in manufacturing processes is developed using a design science research approach and validated through a practical case study utilizing a compressed air demonstrator. The results show that the utilization of artificial neural networks is well-suited for energy disaggregation of industrial data, effectively identifying on and off states, multi-level states and continuously variable states. Non-intrusive load monitoring should be further considered in the research of emerging artificial intelligence technologies in energy consumption evaluation. It can be a viable alternative for intrusive load monitoring and is a prerequisite to installing energy meters for every machine.

关键词： Non-intrusive load monitoring Energy transparency Energy consumption evaluation Industrial manufacturing Artificial neural networks

A Company Presents Itself to the World

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journal of Literature and Art Studies 2023年第10期13卷 803-811页

作者： Richard j.alexander Vienna University of Business and Economics ViennaAustria

As we all know,environmental breakdown is rooted in capitalism’s quest for perpetual *** to O’Connor(quoted in Büscher et al 2010/2013,p.3)the“environmental crisis has given liberal capitalist society a new lease on life.”He continues:“Now,through purporting to take in hand the saving of the environment,capitalism invents a new legitimation for itself:the sustainable and rational use of nature”.“Those who hold the power and they are not all heads of state,see themselves as saviours of the world,and offer the population the opportunity of becoming their clients”is how john Berger has referred to such cognitive *** discourse analysis and corpus linguistics are employed to scrutinize a powerful corporation’s *** company produces and distributes food *** story it presents to the world maintains that it protects animal welfare,the environment and people,among other things,in all its *** language it employs on its corporate websites will be subjected to close analysis.

关键词： agribusiness discourse analysis ecolinguistics greenwashing sustainability