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Computer-Aided Diagnosis for Tuberculosis Classification with Water Strider Optimization Algorithm

Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第8期46卷 1337-1353页

作者： José Escorcia-Gutierrez Roosvel Soto-Diaz Natasha Madera Carlos Soto Francisco Burgos-Florez alexander rodríguez Romany F.Mansour Department of Computational Science and Electronic Universidad de la CostaCUCBarranquilla080002Colombia Biomedical Engineering Program Universidad Simón BolívarBarranquilla080002Colombia Mechatronics Engineering Program Universidad Simón BolívarBarranquilla080002Colombia Department of Medicine Universidad del NorteBarranquilla081007Colombia Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceNew Valley UniversityEl-Kharga72511Egypt

Computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)models exploit artificial intelligence(AI)for chest X-ray(CXR)examination to identify the presence of tuberculosis(TB)and can improve the feasibility and performance of CXR for TB screening and triage.At the same time,CXR interpretation is a time-consuming and subjective process.Furthermore,high resemblance among the radiological patterns of TB and other lung diseases can result in misdiagnosis.Therefore,computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)models using machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL)can be designed for screening TB accurately.With this motivation,this article develops a Water Strider Optimization with Deep Transfer Learning Enabled Tuberculosis Classification(WSODTL-TBC)model on Chest X-rays(CXR).The presented WSODTL-TBC model aims to detect and classify TB on CXR images.Primarily,the WSODTL-TBC model undergoes image filtering techniques to discard the noise content and U-Net-based image segmentation.Besides,a pre-trained residual network with a two-dimensional convolutional neural network(2D-CNN)model is applied to extract feature vectors.In addition,the WSO algorithm with long short-term memory(LSTM)model was employed for identifying and classifying TB,where the WSO algorithm is applied as a hyperparameter optimizer of the LSTM methodology,showing the novelty of the work.The performance validation of the presented WSODTL-TBC model is carried out on the benchmark dataset,and the outcomes were investigated in many aspects.The experimental development pointed out the betterment of the WSODTL-TBC model over existing algorithms.

关键词： Computer-aided diagnosis water strider optimization deep learning chest x-rays transfer learning

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Emergency department management of acute agitation in the reproductive age female and pregnancy

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第2期15卷 83-90页

作者： Ariella Gartenberg Kayla Levine alexander Petrie Department of Emergency Medicine Jacobi Medical Center and Montefiore Medical CenterNY 10461USA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical CenterNY 10461USA Department of Emergency Medicine Jacobi Medical Center and North Central Bronx HospitalNY 10461USA

BACKGROUND:Agitation is a common presentation within emergent departments(EDs).Agitation during pregnancy should be treated as an obstetric emergency,as the distress may jeopardize both the patient and fetus.The safety of psychotropic medications in the reproductive age female has not been well established.This review aimed to explore a summary of general agitation recommendations with an emphasis on ED management of agitation during pregnancy.METHODS:A literature review was conducted to explore the pathophysiology of acute agitation and devise a preferred treatment plan for ED management of acute agitation in the reproductive age or pregnant female.RESULTS:While nonpharmacological management is preferred,ED visits for agitation often require medical management.Medication should be selected based on the etiology of agitation and the clinical setting to avoid major adverse effects.Adverse effects are common in pregnant females.For mild to moderate agitation in pregnancy,diphenhydramine is an effective sedating agent with minimal adverse effects.In moderate to severe agitation,high-potency typical psychotropics are preferred due to their neutral effects on hemodynamics.Haloperidol has become the most frequently utilized psychotropic for agitation during pregnancy.Second generation psychotropics are often utilized as second-line therapy,including risperidone.Benzodiazepines and ketamine have demonstrated adverse fetal outcomes.CONCLUSION:While randomized control studies cannot be ethically conducted on pregnant patients requiring sedation,animal models and epidemiologic studies have demonstrated the effects of psychotropic medication exposure in utero.As the fetal risk associated with multiple doses of psychotropic medications remains unknown,weighing the risks and benefits of each agent,while utilizing the lowest effective dose remains critical in the treatment of acute agitation within the EDs.

关键词： Agitation Pregnancy Haloperidol Ketamine Benzodiazepines

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Competitive Resource Allocation Among Urban Congestion Areas in a Modern Big City

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2024年第1期12卷 133-153页

作者： alexander Krylatov Anastasiya Raevskaya Institute of Applied Mathematical Research of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences Petrozavodsk185910Russia Saint Petersburg State University Saint Petersburg199034Russia

The continuing growth of modern big cities leads to their spatial expansion and the emergence of new road connections and urban areas.Areas where large transportation flows of pedestrians,passengers,and drivers come together create demand points,which attract business companies that strive to allocate their resources in the most sought-after places.However,the law of supply and demand restrains companies from allocating all their resources solely in the most popular congestion areas since the more valuable an urban area,the higher the cost to be paid for a resource unit allocation there.As a result,companies act in a non-cooperative manner and try to minimize their own overall costs when allocating resources across available commercial areas in a big city.Non-cooperative behavior of companies leads to the problem of Nash equilibrium search in the game of competing entrepreneurs.In this paper,we study the corresponding resource allocation game under affine cost functions and obtain Nash equilibrium strategies in explicit form.These findings allow us to develop a simple procedure for computing Nash equilibria in the game of companies allocating their resources among urban congestion areas.The computational study demonstrates the dependence of the average price for resource allocation on the number of players and their resource volumes.The outcome of the paper contributes to flow theory and seems to be fresh and useful for managers.

关键词： Resource allocation Nash equilibrium Affine costs

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Testing and modelling of transient adhesion phenomena in rolling-sliding contacts

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Friction 2024年第5期12卷 1016-1027页

作者： Daniel KVARDA alexander MEIERHOFER Klaus SIX Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Brno University of TechnologyBrno61669Czech Republic Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH Graz8010Austria

Transient adhesion effects in rolling–sliding contacts influence all aspects of train–track interaction.This is of high importance specifically when these effects result in critically low adhesion,which poses a risk to traction and braking of railway vehicles.This study presents a model that can replicate the transient changes of the coefficient of adhesion with tested water and solid particle mix.The experimental data for the model are measured using a commercial ball-on-disc tribometer.The experimental results showed a liquid reservoir in front of the contact area that slowly reduces in size.This observation was used in the modelling approach to divide the calculation into two stages where the reservoir is present and when it disappears.The model was able to reproduce the occurrence of low adhesion region seen in experimental results with different particle concentrations.

关键词： coefficient of adhesion tribology transient effects wheel-rail contact

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A Converse Theorem for Split SO_(2l) over Finite Fields

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第3期40卷 731-771页

作者： alexander HAZELTINE Bai Ying LIU Department of Mathematics Purdue University150 N.University St.West LafayetteIN 47907USA E-mail:ahazelti@purdue.edu liu2053@purdue.edu

We prove a converse theorem for split even special orthogonal groups over finite fields.This is the only case left on converse theorems of classical groups and the difficulty is the existence of the outer automorphism... 详细信息

关键词： Converse theorems generic cuspidal representations even special orthogonal groups

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You had me at PELO:a"Ribosome Rescuer"induces NLR inflammasome assembly

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第1期21卷 1-2页

作者： Zoie Magri alexander Poltorak Graduate Program in Immunology Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences136 Harrison AvenueBostonMA02111USA Department of Immunology Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMA02111USA

Pyroptosis,an inflammatory form of programmed cell death,eliminates a niche where pathogens replicate,providing overall benefits to a host.When left uncontrolled,pyroptosis can lead to severe pathology.Overactive pyroptotic activation has been implicated in neuroinflammation,cardiovascular disease,acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),and many other diseases[1,2,3].Because of its multiple and permanent consequences,pyroptosis is a highly regulated signaling pathway.Major regulators of pyroptosis are NLR inflammasomes,which are activated by various“danger”signals such as ATP.

关键词： inflam NLR distress

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Unveiling the atomic-scale transition between light harvesting and photoprotective states in plant photosynthesis

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1375-1377页

作者： alexander V.Ruban School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK

Non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching(NPQ) stands as a cornerstone in the realm of photosynthesis research, attracting generations of dedicated scientists in their quest to unravel its mysteries. This mechanism, crucial for safeguarding photosynthesis, plays a pivotal role in regulating light harvesting, particularly in oxygenic photosynthesis where the oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII)is susceptible to photodamage [1].

关键词： harvesting protective attracting

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Prediction of ball-on-plate friction and wear by ANN with data-driven optimization

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Friction 2024年第6期12卷 1235-1249页

作者： alexander KOVALEV Yu TIAN Yonggang MENG State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

For training artificial neural network(ANN),big data either generated by machine or measured from experiments are used as input to"learn"the unspecified functions defining the ANN.The experimental data are fed directly into the optimizer allowing training to be performed according to a predefined loss function.To predict sliding friction and wear at mixed lubrication conditions,in this study a specific ANN structure was so designed that deep learning algorithms and data-driven optimization models can be used.Experimental ball-on-plate friction and wear data were analyzed using the specific training procedure to optimize the weights and biases incorporated into the neural layers of the ANN,and only two independent experimental data sets were used during the ANN optimization procedure.After the training procedure,the ANN is capable to predict the contact and hydrodynamic pressure by adapting the output data according to the tribological condition implemented in the optimization algorithm.

关键词： machine learning deep learning artificial neural network mixed lubrication

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The olfactory system of Pieris brassicae caterpllars:from receptors to glomeruli

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 469-488页

作者： Qi Wang Hans M.Smid Marcel Dicke alexander Haverkamp Laboratory of Entomology Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenthe Netherlands

Tolfactory system of adult lepidopterans is among the best described neuronal circuits.However,comparatively little is known about the organization of the olfactory system in the larval stage of these insects.Here,we explore the expression of olfactory receptors and the organization of olfactory sensory neurons in caterpillars of Pieris brassicae,a significant pest species in Europe and a well-studied species for its chemical ecology.To describe the larval olfactory system in this species,we first analyzed the head transcriptome of third-instar larvae(L3)and identified 16 odorant receptors(ORs)including the OR coreceptor(Orco),13 ionotropic receptors(IRs),and 8 gustatory receptors(GRs).We then quantified the expression of these 16 ORs in different life stages,using qPCR,and found that the majority of ORs had significantly higher expression in the L4 stage than in the L3 and L5 stages,indicating that the larval olfactory system is not static throughout caterpillar development.Using an Orco-specific antibody,we identified all olfactory receptor neurons(ORNs)expressing the Orco protein in L3,L4,and L5 caterpillars and found a total of 34 Orco-positive ORNs,distributed among three sensilla on the antenna.The number of Orco-positive ORNs did not differ among the three larval instars.Finally,we used retrograde axon tracing of the antennal nerve and identified a mean of 15 glomeruli in the larval antennal center(LAC),suggesting that the caterpillar olfactory system follows a similar design as the adult olfactory system,although with a lower numerical redundancy.Taken together,our results provide a detailed analysis of the larval olfactory neurons in P brassicae,highlighting both the differences as well as the commonalities with the adult olfactory system.These findings contribute to a better understanding of the development of the olfactory system in insects and its life-stage-specific adaptations.

关键词： glomeruli larvae Lepidoptera odorant receptor olfactory receptor neurons sensilla

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Pandemic punch:SARS-CoV-2 hits pancreas

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第5期9卷 1779-1780页

作者： Ninel Azoitei Sandra Heller alexander Kleger Institute of Molecular Oncology and Stem Cell Biology Ulm UniversityUlmGermany Division of Interdisciplinary Pancreatology Clinic of Internal Medicine IUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted global health systems,revealing the extensive repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 beyond respiratory symptoms.Indeed,traditionally considered a respiratory virus,SARS-CoV-2’s showcased the ability to target multiple organ systems including pancreas,an organ crucial for regulating blood sugar levels and aiding digestion.

关键词： pancreas respiratory traditionally

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