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Science China Chemistry 2023年第3期66卷 615-619页

作者： Qunping Fan Francis RLin Wei Ma alex K.-Y.Jen State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077Hong KongChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077Hong KongChina Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077Hong KongChina Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195-2120USA

Before 2015,only few organic solar cells(OSCs)obtained power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)over 10%because the commonly used fullerene derivatives as acceptors have narrow absorption,low extinction coefficient,and are difficult to adjust energy *** overcome these shortcomings,in 2015,Zhan et al.[1]developed acceptor(A)-donor(D)-A-type fused-ring small-molecule acceptors(SMAs)with good planarity and strong intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)effect to fulfill both broad absorption and high extinction coefficient,offering the revolutionary PCEs of 13%–15%.In 2019,another milestone SMA(Y6)with A-DA′D-A structure was developed by Zou et al.

关键词： fused extinction absorption

Hydrogen-rich water exerts anti-tumor effects comparable to 5-fluorouracil in a colorectal cancer xenograft model

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第1期14卷 242-252页

作者： Fereshteh Asgharzadeh alex Tarnava Asma Mostafapour Majid Khazaei Tyler W LeBaron Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad ***Iran Drink HRW New WestminsterBC V3j0b6 Canada Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhad ***Iran Centre of Experimental Medicine Institute for Heart Research Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava 984104Slovakia Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation Southern Utah UniversityUT 84720United States Biological Research Molecular Hydrogen InstituteUT 84721United States Department of Physical Science Southern Utah UniversityUT 84720United States

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the *** removal remains the preferred frontline treatment;however,effective non-surgical interventions remain a high priority.5-fluorouracil(5-FU)is a widely used chemotherapy agent,and molecular hydrogen(H2)has been recognized for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects,with research also suggesting its potential anti-tumor ***,H2 dissolved in water[hydrogen-rich water(HRW)],with or without 5-FU,may present itself as a novel therapeutic for *** To investigate the effects of HRW,with or without 5-FU,as a novel therapeutic for *** CRC was induced in the left flank of inbred Balb/c mice.A total of 24 mice bearing tumors were randomly divided into four groups(n=6 per group)and treated as follows:(1)Control group;(2)5-FU group that received intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU(5 mg/kg)every other day;(3)H2 group that received HRW,created and delivered via dissolving the H2-generating tablet in the animals’drinking water,with 200μL also delivered by oral gavage;and(4)The combination group,H2(administered in same way as for group three)combined with 5-FU administered same way as group *** Administration of HRW+5-FU significantly improved tumor weight,tumor size,collagen content and fibrosis as compared to the CRC control ***,HRW attenuated oxidative stress(OS)and potentiated antioxidant activity(AA),whereas 5-FU treatment exacerbated OS and blunted *** combination of HRW+5-FU significantly reduced tumor weight and size,as well as reduced collagen deposition and the degree of fibrosis,while further increasing OS and decreasing AA compared to administration of 5-FU *** Administration of HRW,with or without 5-FU,may serve as a therapeutic for treating CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Molecular hydrogen 5-fluorouracil Oxidative stress Antioxidants Inflammation

When nets meet environmental DNA metabarcoding:integrative approach to unveil invertebrate community patterns of hypersaline lakes

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第4期41卷 1331-1340页

作者： Matthew A.CAMPBELL alex LAINI Nicole E.WHITE Morten E.ALLENTOFT Mattia SACCÒ Trace and Environmental DNA(TrEnD)Laboratory School of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerth 6102WAAustralia Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology University of TurinTurin 10124Italy Subterranean Research and Groundwater Ecology(SuRGE)Group Trace and Environmental DNA(TrEnD)LaboratorySchool of Molecular and Life SciencesCurtin UniversityPerth 6102WAAustralia Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre Globe InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen 1353Denmark

Saline and hypersaline wetlands account for almost half of the volume of inland water *** provide pivotal habitat for a vast range of species,including crucial ecosystem services for humans such as carbon sink storage and extractive resource *** their importance,effective ecological assessment is in its infancy compared to current conventional surveys carried out in freshwater *** integration of environmental DNA(eDNA)analysis and traditional techniques has the potential to transform biomonitoring processes,particularly in remote and understudied saline *** this context,this preliminary study aims to explore the potential of eDNA coupled with conventional approaches by targeting five hypersaline lakes at Rottnest Island(Wadjemup)in Western *** focused on the invertebrate community,a widely accepted key ecological indicator to assess the conservational status in rivers and *** combination of metabarcoding with morphology-based taxonomic analysis described 16 taxa belonging to the orders Anostraca,Diptera,Isopoda,and ***-based diversity assessment revealed more taxa at higher taxonomic resolution than the morphology-based taxonomic ***,certain taxa(i.e.,Ephydridae,Stratyiomidae,Ceratopogonidae)were only identified via net ***,our results indicate that great potential resides in combining conventional net-based surveys with novel eDNA approaches in saline and hypersaline ***,urgent and effective conservational frameworks are required to contrast the enormous pressure that these ecosystems are increasingly *** investigations at larger spatial temporal scales will allow consolidation of robust,reliable,and affordable biomonitoring frameworks in the underexplored world of saline wetlands.

关键词： macroinvertebrate hypersaline e nvironmental DNA(eDNA) conservation ecological survey community composition

Interface Engineering in Solution-Processed Thin-Film Solar Cells

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第3期3卷 272-282页

作者： Fengzhu Li alex K.-Y.Jen Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077Hong Kong SAR Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy City Universtiy of Hong KongKowloon Tong 999077Hong Kong SAR Department of Chemistry City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077Hong Kong SAR Department of Materials Science&Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195United States

CONSPECTUS:Along with the rapid industrialization of human society over the past century,incessant energy consumption and endless damage to the environment have aroused growing attention for seeking clean and renewable energy ***(PV)that can directly harvest and transform sunlight into electricity have shown great potential in achieving this *** for solution-processed thin-film solar cells,their extremely cost-effective and facile processing methods compatible with different substrates at large scales exhibit unique advantages over conventional PVs based on crystalline *** types of solutionprocessed thin-film PVs have been achieving or already exceeded 15%power conversion efficiency(PCE)through the numerous efforts of *** solar cells(OSCs)and organic−inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells(PVSCs)are the most well-known emerging solution-processed thin-film solar cells that have attracted great interest recently(the PCE of PVSCs soared form 3.8%to over 25%in the past decade).Usually,photogenerated excitons will form as a response to illumination in the active layer,then dissociate into charge carriers,travel in between layers,and finally get collected by electrodes of the *** the broad exploration of active layer materials,suitably matched charge-transporting layers and electrodes also play a vital role in achieving high PCE and stability in PV ***,interfaces between different functional layers created during solution processing need to be carefully addressed to ensure efficient charge transport and prevent *** utilization of proper interfacial materials to modify the chemical and electrical properties at interfaces has become an effective strategy to enhance the performance of ***,it is important to develop a comprehensive understanding into the correlation between interfacial properties and charge carrier dynamics and establish molecular design principles for i

关键词： charge interfacial Solar

Accelerated design for magnetocaloric performance in Mn-Fe-P-Si compounds using machine learning

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第1期96卷 241-247页

作者： Defang Tu Jianqi Yan Yunbo Xie Jun Li Shuo Feng Mingxu Xia Jianguo Li alex Po Leung School of Material Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Macao University of Science and Technology MacaoChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming Shanghai 200240China School of Engineering University of LeicesterLeicester LE17RHUnited Kingdom

Magnetocaloric performance is of vital importance for Mn-Fe-P-Si ***,when processes and compositions are considered,designing alloys with large magnetic entropy changes(ΔS_(m)),low thermal hysteresis(ΔT_(hys)),and Curie temperatures(T_(C))around room temperature become relatively *** this study,we adopt machine learning methods to predict the magnetocaloric performance of Mn-Fe-P-Si compounds for the first *** achieve this goal,503,465,and 660 data points for datasets with T_(C),ΔT_(hys),andΔS_(m)are collected,*** collected datasets contain parameters of compositions,preparations,heat treatment,and magnetic field *** search for the optimal configuration using various methods and also compare their mean squared errors(MSE)and allowable *** results show that the performance of neural networks(NNs)is better than other ***,we select NN to explore the T_(C),ΔT_(hys),andΔS_(m)values as a function of Mn,Si,metal/non-metal ratios,and B(Boron).We also propose to use the composition window with excellent magnetocaloric *** results not only help us gain deep insights into Mn-Fe-P-Si alloys but also accelerate the design process of alloys suitable for magnetocaloric *** work has the potential to solve the challenges and boost the research of Mn-Fe-P-Si alloys.

关键词： Mn-Fe-P-Si alloy Material design Magnetocaloric performance Machine learning Neural network

Indexing structures for the PLS blockchain

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Cybersecurity 2021年第1期4卷 561-579页

作者： alex Shafarenko University of Hertfordshire AL109AB HertfordshireUK

This paper studies known indexing structures from a new point of view:minimisation of data exchange between an IoT device acting as a blockchain client and the blockchain server running a protocol suite that includes two Guy Fawkes protocols,PLS and *** PLS blockchain is not a cryptocurrency instrument;it is an immutable ledger offering guaranteed non-repudiation to low-power clients without use of public key *** novelty of the situation is in the fact that every PLS client has to obtain a proof of absence in all blocks of the chain to which its counterparty does not contribute,and we show that it is possible without traversing the block’s Merkle *** obtain weight statistics of a leaf path on a sparse Merkle tree theoretically,as our ground *** the theory we quantify the communication cost of a client interacting with the *** show that large savings can be achieved by providing a bitmap index of the tree compressed using Tunstall’s *** further show that even in the case of correlated access,as in two IoT devices posting messages for each other in consecutive blocks,it is possible to prevent compression degradation by re-randomising the IDs using a pseudorandom bijective *** propose a low-cost function of this kind and evaluate its quality by simulation,using the avalanche criterion.

关键词： PLS blockchain Guy Fawkes protocol Content-addressable storage Data-structure statistics Tunstall coding Pseudorandom bijections

A PLS blockchain for IoT applications:protocols and architecture

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Cybersecurity 2018年第1期1卷 993-1009页

作者： alex Shafarenko Department of Computer Science University of HertfordshireHatfield AL109ABUK

This paper proposes an architecture and a protocol suite for a permissioned blockchain for a local IoT *** architecture is based on a sealed Sequencer and a Fog Server running(post-quantum)Guy Fawkes *** blocks of the blockchain are stored in networked Content Addressable Storage alongside any user data and validity *** maintain that a typical IoT device can,despite its resource limitations,use our blockchain protocols directly,without a trusted *** includes posting and monitoring transactions as well as off-chain(post-quantum)emergency communications without an explicit public key.

关键词： Blockchain Guy Fawkes protocol Post-quantum HORS-OTS LoRa Concurrent transmission

Free-Standing α-MoO_(3)/Ti_(3)C_(2) MXene Hybrid Electrode in Water-in-Salt Electrolytes

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第4期6卷 6-14页

作者： Mohit Saraf Christopher E.Shuck Nazgol Norouzi Kyle Matthews alex Inman Teng Zhang Ekaterina Pomerantseva Yury Gogotsi A.J.Drexel Nanomaterials Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel UniversityPhiladelphia PA 19104USA

While transition-metal oxides such as α-MoO_(3)provide high capacity,their use is limited by modest electronic conductivity and electrochemical instability in aqueous ***-dimensional(2D)MXenes,offer metallic conductivity,but their capacitance is limited in aqueous *** of partially solvated cations into Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene from lithium-based water-in-salt(WIS)electrolytes enables charge storage at positive potentials,allowing a wider potential window and higher ***,we demonstrate that α-MoO_(3)/Ti_(3)C_(2)hybrids combine the high capacity of α-MoO_(3)and conductivity of Ti_(3)C_(2)in WIS(19.8 m LiCI)electrolyte in a wide1.8 V voltage *** voltammograms reveal multiple redox peaks from α-MoO_(3)in addition to the well-separated peaks of Ti_(3)C_(2)in the hybrid *** leads to a higher specific charge and a higher rate capability compared to a carbon and binder containing α-MoO_(3)*** results demonstrate that the addition of MXene to less conductive oxides eliminates the need for conductive carbon additives and binders,leads to a larger amount of charge stored,and increases redox capacity at higher *** addition,MXene encapsulated α-MoO_(3)showed improved electrochemical stability,which was attributed to the suppressed dissolution of α-MoO_(3).The work suggests that oxide/MXene hybrids are promising for energy storage.

关键词： free-standing electrode Ti_(3)C_(2)MXene water-in-salt electrolytes α-MoO_(3)nanobelts

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Meta期待减少人工智能技术限制

商业周刊（中文版） 2024年第5期 58-58页

作者： Kurt Wagner alex Barinka 孟洁冰(译) 不详

Meta Platforms Inc.政策主管尼克·克莱格(Nick Clegg)警告美国政府官员,限制企业公开分享某些人工智能技术,可能会损害美国对相对新生、不断发展的全球人工智能产业的影响力。

关键词：人工智能技术美国政府影响力

Ethical challenges in mass drug administration for reducing childhood mortality:a qualitative study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第5期11卷 93-94页

作者： Ahmed Alasmar alex C.Kong Anthony D.So Matthew DeCamp 不详 Division of General Internal Medicine and Center for Bioethics and Humanities Department of MedicineUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus13080 E.19th AveMail Stop B137AuroraCO 80045USA

Background:Mass drug administration(MDA)of medications to entire at-risk communities or populations has shown promise in the control and elimination of global infectious *** of the broad-spectrum antibiotic azithromycin has demonstrated the potential to reduce childhood mortality in children at risk of premature death in some global ***,MDA of antibiotics raises complex ethical challenges,including weighing near-term benefts against longer-term risks—particularly the development of antimicrobial resistance that could diminish antibiotic efectiveness for current or future *** aim of this study was to understand how key actors involved in MDA perceive the ethical challenges of ***:We conducted 35 semi-structured interviews from December 2020–February 2022 with investigators,funders,bioethicists,research ethics committee members,industry representatives,and others from both highincome countries(HICs)and low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).Interview participants were identifed via one of seven MDA studies purposively chosen to represent diversity in terms of use of the antibiotic azithromycin;use of a primary mortality endpoint;and whether the study occurred in a high child mortality *** were analyzed using constructivist grounded theory ***:The most frequently discussed ethical challenges related to meaningful community engagement,how to weigh risks and benefts,and the need to target MDA We developed a concept map of how participants considered ethical issues in MDA for child mortality;it emphasizes MDA’s place alongside other public health interventions,empowerment,and *** over an ethical double standard in weighing risks and benefts emerged as a unifying theme,albeit one that participants interpreted in radically diferent *** thought MDA for reducing child mortality was ethically obligatory;others suggested it was ***:Ethical challenges raised by MDA of antib

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Decolonizing global health Mass drug administration Child mortality Ethics Global health equity