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Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第41期18卷 5839-5847页

作者： Matteo Nicola Dario di minno Anna Russolillo Roberta Lupoli Pasquale Ambrosino alessandro di minno Giovanni Tarantino Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Regional Reference Centre for Coagulation Disorders"Federico II" University80131 NaplesItaly Department of Endocrinology and Oncology "Federico II" University80131 NaplesItaly

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） has been recognized as a major health burden. It is the most important cause of chronic liver disease and a major in- dependent cardiovascular risk factor. Lacking a definite treatment for NAFLD, a specific diet and an increase in physical activity represent the most commonly used therapeutic approaches. In this review, major literature data about the use of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty ac- ids （n-3 PUFAs） as a potential treatment of NAFLD have been described, n-3 PUFAs, besides having a beneficial impact on most of the cardio-metabolic risk factors （hy- pertension, hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis） by regulating gene transcription factors [i.e., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor （PPAR） cz, PPARy, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-i, carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein], im- pacts both lipid metabolism and on insulin sensitivity. In addition to an enhancement of hepatic beta oxidation and a decrease of the endogenous lipid production, n-3 PUFAs are able to determine a significant reduction of the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules （tumor necrosis factor-~ and interleukin-6） and of oxygen reac- tive species. Further strengthening the results of the in vitro studies, both animal models and human interven- tion trials, showed a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFAs on the severity of NAFLD as expressed by laboratory pa- rameters and imaging measurements. Despite available results provided encouraging data about the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs as a treatment of NAFLD in humans, well- designed randomized controlled trials of adequate size and duration, with histological endpoints, are needed to assess the long-term safety and efficacy of PUFA, as well as other therapies, for the treatment of NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients. It is worthwhile to consider that n-3 PUFAs cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be derived from exogenous sources （fish oil, flax

关键词： Hepatic steatosis Non-alcoholic fatty liverdisease Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids Animalmodels

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A novel solution treatment and aging for powder bed fusion-laser beam Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo alloy:Microstructural and mechanical characterization

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 414-424页

作者： Gianluca Pirro Alessandra Martucci alessandro Morri Mariangela Lombardi Lorella Ceschini Department of Industrial Engineering(diN) Alma Mater Studiorum-University of BolognaBologna 40136Italy Department of Applied Science and Technology(diSAT) Politecnico di TorinoTorino TO 10129Italy

Ti-6Al-4Zr-2Sn-6Mo alloy is one of the most recent titanium alloys processed using powder bed fusion-laser beam(PBF-LB)*** alloy has the potential to replace Ti-6Al-4V in automotive and aerospace applications,given its superior mechanical properties,which are approximately 10%higher in terms of ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and yield strength after appropriate heat *** as-built conditions,the alloy is characterized by the presence of soft orthorhombicα″martensite,necessitating a postprocessing heat treatment to decompose this phase and enhance the mechanical properties of the ***,PBFed Ti6246 components undergo an annealing process that transforms theα″martensite into anα-βlamellar *** primary objective of this research was to develop a solution treatment and aging(STA)heat treatment tailored to the unique microstructure produced by the additive manufacturing process to achieve an ultrafine bilamellar microstructure reinforced by precipitation *** study investigated the effects of various solution temperatures in theα-βfield(ranging from 800 to 875℃),cooling media(air and water),and aging time to determine the optimal heat treatment parameters for achieving the desired bilamellar *** each heat treatment condition,differentα-βmicrostructures were found,varying in terms of theα/βratio and the size of the primaryα-phase *** attention was given to how these factors were influenced by increases in solution temperature and how microhardness correlated with the percentage of the metastableβphase present after *** tests were performed on samples subjected to the most promising heat treatment parameters.A comparison with literature data revealed that the optimized STA treatment enhanced hardness and UTS by13%and 23%,respectively,compared with those of the annealed *** surface analyses were conducted to investigate fracture mechanisms.

关键词： powder bed fusion-laser beam titanium alloys heat treatments mechanical properties fractographic analysis

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Stability of Nonlinear differential-Algebraic Systems Via Additive Identity

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第4期7卷 929-941页

作者： Pierluigi di Franco Giordano Scarciotti alessandro Astolfi the Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK

The stability analysis for nonlinear differentialalgebraic systems is addressed using tools from classical control theory. Sufficient stability conditions relying on matrix inequalities are established via Lyapunov direct Method. In addition, a novel interpretation of differential-algebraic systems as feedback interconnection of a purely differential system and an algebraic system allows reducing the stability analysis to a smallgain-like condition. The study of stability properties for constrained mechanical systems, for a class of Lipschitz differential-algebraic systems and for an academic example is used to illustrate the theory.

关键词： differential-algebraic systems Lyapunov method small-gain theorem stability analysis

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Application of a Robust Model Reference Adaptive Control Algorithm to a Nonlinear Automotive Actuator

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2014年第4期11卷 377-391页

作者： alessandro di Gaeta Umberto Montanaro Istituto Motori National Research Council Naples Italy

Model reference adaptive control is a viable control method to impose the demanded dynamics on plants whose parameters are affected by large uncertainty. In this paper, we show by means of experiments that robust adaptive methods can effectively face nonlinearities that are common to many automotive electromechanical devices. We consider here, as a representative case study, the control of a strongly nonlinear automotive actuator. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the method to cope with unmodeled nonlinear terms and unknown parameters. In addition, the engineering performance indexes computed on experimental data clearly show that the robust adaptive strategy provides better performance compared with those given by a classical model-based control solution with fixed gains.

关键词： Model reference adaptive control robust adaptive control nonlinear systems automotive control electronic throttle body electromechanical actuators

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Comparison between the seismic response of 2D and 3D models of rigid blocks

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第1期13卷 151-162页

作者： Angelo di Egidio Daniele Zulli alessandro Contento Department of Civil Engineering Architecture and Environment(DICEAA)University of L'Aquila

A three-dimensional rigid body on the shape of a parallelepiped is modelled in order to rock on a side or a vertex of the base,in order to evaluate the seismic response of rigid blocks lying on a horizontal *** center of mass of the body is considered as eccentric with respect to its geometric *** seismic input,three Italian recorded accelerograms,with different spectral content,are *** study is mainly conducted to highlight the differences between the seismic response of 2D and 3D models of rigid blocks,with the aim to understand if,in some cases,the use of the 3D model of rigid block is required to obtain safer *** fact,the outcomes show that in some ranges of the geometrical and mechanical parameters that characterize the excitation and the body,a two-dimensional model,which is not able to consider the 3D rocking on a vertex,can provide unsafe *** particular,it is found that the overturning process of the three-dimensional block can occur under excitations which are lower than those which overturn a corresponding two-dimensional block.

关键词： seismic excitation 3D rigid block rectangular base rocking overturning

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Structural health monitoring of asphalt pavements using smart sensor networks: A comprehensive review

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第5期7卷 639-651页

作者： alessandro di Graziano Vincenzo Marchetta Salvatore Cafiso Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture University of CataniaCatania 95225Italy

Early, effective and continuous monitoring allows to reduce costs and to extend life of road infrastructure. For this reason, over the years, more and more efforts have been made to implement more advanced and effective monitoring systems at ever more contained costs,going from impractical manual and destructive methods through automated in vehicle equipment to the most recent wireless sensor network(WSN) embedded into the pavement. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date critical literature review of wireless sensor networks for pavement health monitoring, considering, also,the experience gained for wired sensor as fundamental point of reference. This work presents both the methodology used to collect and analyse the current bibliography and provides a description and comments fundamental characteristics of wireless sensor networks for pavement monitoring for damage detection purposes, among which energy supply, the detection method, the hardware and network architecture and the performance validation procedures. A brief analysis of other possible complementary applications of smart sensor networks, such as traffic and surface condition monitoring, is provided. Finally, a comment is provided on the gaps and possible directions that future research could follow to allow the extensive use of wireless sensor networks for pavement health condition monitoring.

关键词： Pavement engineering Wireless sensor network Literature analysis Structural health monitoring Asphalt pavement

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Assessment of Cognitive skills via Human-robot Interaction and Cloud Computing

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第3期16卷 526-539页

作者： alessandro di Nuovo Simone Varrasi Alexandr Lucas Daniela Conti John McNamara alessandro Soranzo Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield S1 1WB United Kingdom IBM Hursley Lab Winchester SO21 2JN United Kingdom

Technological advances are increasing the range of applications for artificial intelligence, especially through its embodiment within humanoid robotics platforms. This promotes the development of novel systems for automated screening of neurological conditions to assist the clinical practitioners in the detection of early signs of mild cognitive impairments. This article presents the implementation and the experimental validation of the first robotic system for cognitive assessment, based on one of the most popular platforms for social robotics, Softbank "Pepper", which administers and records a set of multi-modal interactive tasks to engage the user cognitive abilities. The robot intelligence is programmed using the state-of-the-art IBM Watson AI Cloud services, which provide the necessary capabilities for improving the social interaction and scoring the tests. The system has been tested by healthy adults (N= 35) and we found a significant correlation between the automated scoring and one of the most widely used Paper-and-Pencil tests. We conclude that the system can be considered as a screening instrument for cognitive assessment.

关键词： socially assistive robotics brief cognitive testing human-robot interaction neurological screening cloud computing

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Stem cell-based 3D brain organoids for mimicking, investigating, and challenging Alzheimer's diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 330-332页

作者： Federica Cordella Carlo Brighi alessandro Soloperto Silvia di Angelantonio Center for Life Nanoscience Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaRomeItaly Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Sapienza UniversityRomeItaly

Alzheimer's disease(AD) is a progressive and irreversible neurodegene rative disorder that causes a decline of cognitive functions and a deterioration of behavioral and social performances. According to current estima... 详细信息

关键词： Alzheimer diseases irreversible

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Methodology and evidence from a case study in Rome to increase pedestrian safety along home-to-school routes

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2020年第5期7卷 715-727页

作者： Maria Vittoria Corazza Daniela D'alessandro Paola di Mascio Laura Moretti Department of Civil Building and Environmental EngineeringSapienza University of RomeRome 00185Italy

Home-to-school routes are very sensitive areas: they represent, for children, a learning tool for their everyday activities, but if poorly designed, maintained and equipped they can expose them to traffic risks. Sidewalks' inappropriate level of service and poor maintenance, especially, are main factors contributing to walking unsuitability, thus to poor comfort and safety levels for young pedestrians, and more in general for all the vulnerable non-motorized road users. This paper deals with a methodology specifically developed to highlight the quality of the urban environment where the home-to-school routes are located, according to four main criteria: wellbeing, usage, appearance, and safety and security. Each criterion is associated with a checklist including the most relevant features to assess, with a focus on maintenance as a key parameter to create safe and comfortable routes to school. An application, a case study in Rome, where the lack of regular maintenance results into a network of unsafe sidewalks, is also presented, analyzing three different areas where a number of schools are located. Detours when approaching school premises were surveyed, due to the levels of distresses and linked to the poor comfort and safety levels. As the mutual influence of built environment over road safety and maintenance requirements for home-to-school paths is not largely investigated thus far, the paper's goal is to provide advanced knowledge for studies and applications further afield.

关键词： Traffic engineering Road safety Pedestrians Home-to-school routes Sidewalks

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diagnosis and management of choledocholithiasis in the golden age of imaging, endoscopy and laparoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第37期20卷 13382-13401页

作者： Renato Costi alessandro Gnocchi Francesco di Mario Leopoldo Sarli dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche Università di ParmaAzienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma dipartimento Materno Infantile Unità Operativa di Gastroenterologia ed Endoscopia DigestivaAzienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale Università di ParmaAzienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma

Biliary lithiasis is an endemic condition in both Western and Eastern countries, in some studies affecting 20% of the general population. In up to 20% of cases, gallbladder stones are associated with common bile duct stones (CBDS), which are asymptomatic in up to one half of cases. Despite the wide variety of examinations and techniques available nowadays, two main open issues remain without a clear answer: how to cost-effectively diagnose CBDS and, when they are finally found, how to deal with them. CBDS diagnosis and management has radically changed over the last 30 years, following the dramatic diffusion of imaging, including endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC), endoscopy and laparoscopy. Since accuracy, invasiveness, potential therapeutic use and cost-effectiveness of imaging techniques used to identify CBDS increase together in a parallel way, the concept of “risk of carrying CBDS” has become pivotal to identifying the most appropriate management of a specific patient in order to avoid the risk of “under-studying” by poor diagnostic work up or “over-studying” by excessively invasive examinations. The risk of carrying CBDS is deduced by symptoms, liver/pancreas serology and ultrasound. “Low risk” patients do not require further examination before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Two main “philosophical approaches” face each other for patients with an “intermediate to high risk” of carrying CBDS: on one hand, the “laparoscopy-first” approach, which mainly relies on intraoperative cholangiography for diagnosis and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for treatment, and, on the other hand, the “endoscopy-first” attitude, variously referring to MRC, EUS and/or endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for diagnosis and endoscopic sphincterotomy for management. Concerning CBDS diagnosis, intraoperative chol

关键词： Biliary lithiasis Choledocholithiasis Laparoscopy Endoscopy diagnosis Management

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