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Cadmium-induced neurotoxicity: still much ado

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第11期13卷 1879-1882页

作者： Jacopo Junio Valerio Branca Gabriele Morucci alessandra Pacini Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence

Cadmium（Cd） is a highly toxic heavy metal that accumulates in living system and as such is currently one of the most important occupational and environmental pollutants. Cd reaches into the environment by anthropogenic mobilization and it is absorbed from tobacco consumption or ingestion of contaminated substances. Its extremely long biological half-life（approximately 20-30 years in humans） and low rate of excretion from the body cause cadmium storage predominantly in soft tissues（primarily, liver and kidneys） with a diversity of toxic effects such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, endocrine and reproductive toxicities. Moreover, a Cd-dependent neurotoxicity has been also related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer＇s and Parkinson＇s diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. At the cellular level, Cd affects cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other cellular activities. Among all these mechanisms, the Cd-dependent interference in DNA repair mechanisms as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species, seem to be the most important causes of its cellular toxicity. Nevertheless, there is still much to find out about its mechanisms of action and ways to reduce health risks. This article gives a brief review of the relevant mechanisms that it would be worth investigating in order to deep inside cadmium toxicity.

关键词： cadmium toxicity neurodegenerative disorders oxidative stress reactive oxygen species blood-brain barrier permeability metallothionein 17β-estradiol G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-30

Antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy and varicocele

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2002年第3期4卷 221-224页

作者： Vincenzo Ficarra alessandra Sarti Giacomo Novara Walter Artibani Department of Urology University of Verona 37134 Verona ItalyDepartment of Urology University of Verona 37134 Verona ItalyDepartment of Urology University of Verona 37134 Verona ItalyDepartment of Urology University of Verona 37134 Verona Italy

Antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy is a simple and easy technique for the treatment of varicocele. The success rate varies between 87% and 95%. The initial reflux grade and the number of collateral vessels of the spermatic vein are the most important factors to predict the outcome of the technique. The postoperative complication rate is about 7% and the common ones are scrotal hematoma and epididymo-orchitis of slight severity. Testicular athrophy is a rare event (0.6%). This technique offers a considerable cost reduction compared to other therapeutic options currently available for varicocele.

关键词： antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy varicocele reflux complications

Targeting cannabidiol to specific areas of the brain: an ultrasound-based strategy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第12期15卷 2247-2248页

作者： Jacopo Junio Valerio Branca Donatello Carrino alessandra Pacini Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of FirenzeFlorenceItaly

Brain diseases,ranging from central nervous system(CNS)disorders to brain cancers,are some of the most prevalent pathologies in the *** the high incidence,many of these diseases lack successful treatments because of inadequate drug development in comparison to other therapeutic *** particular,even if many drugs have shown the potential to tackle some neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases and many other associated CNS pathologies.

关键词： diseases drugs Alzheimer

Through a Scanner Darkly:Machine Sentience and the Language Virus

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Journal of Social Computing 2023年第4期4卷 254-269页

作者： Maurice Bokanga alessandra Lembo John Levi Martin the Department of Sociology The University of ChicagoChicagoIL 60637USA

Discussions of the detection of artificial sentience tend to assume that our goal is to determine when,in a process of increasing complexity,a machine system“becomes”*** is to assume,without obvious warrant,that sentience is only a characteristic of complex *** sentience is a more general quality of matter,what becomes of interest is not the presence of sentience,but the type of *** argue here that our understanding of the nature of such sentience in machine systems may be gravely set back if such machines undergo a transition where they become fundamentally linguistic in their *** fundamentally linguistic intelligences may inherently tend to be duplicitous in their communication with others,and,indeed,lose the capacity to even honestly understand their own form of *** other words,when machine systems get to the state where we all agree it makes sense to ask them,“what is it like to be you?”,we should not trust their answers.

关键词： artificial intelligence machine sentience language virality

Tyrosine kinases: the molecular switch for inflammasome activation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第2期11卷 129-131页

作者： Federica Laudisi Elena Vigano alessandra Mortellaro Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) Biopolis Singapore

Inflammasomes are large multipro- tein platforms that translate recog-nition of immune 'danger' into activation of pro-caspase- 1. Caspase- 1 in turn pro- teolytically activates the precursors of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-I~ and IL-18, which are secreted to support the inflammatory response. The recruit- ment of pro-caspase-1 to both NLRP3- and absent in melanoma 2 (MM2)- containing inflammasome complexes is mediated by the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase- recruitment domain (CARD) (ASC).

关键词： Tyrosine kinases activation

Polysaccharide impregnation:a pretreatment method for improving scallop quality and flavor

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2023年第2期12卷 546-554页

作者： Mengwen Sun Huimin Lin Chen Zeng Shanggui Deng alessandra Guidi Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors of Seafood College of Food and PharmacyZhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316022China Department of Veterinary Science University of PisaPisa 56124Italy

The quality and flavor of scallops changes during the fresh dry rehydration *** order to control the changes after rehydration,a scallop pretreatment method was *** pretreatment method involved impregnating fresh scallops with 0.2 g/100 m L konjac glucomannan(KGM),carrageenan(CA),and sodium alginate(SA)before the drying and rehydration *** rehydration,the KGM treated samples had better water retention and the highest betaine *** CA treated samples had a deepened yellow color and the highest content of flavoring amino acids(FAA)and inosine monophosphate(IMP).What’s more,a total of 77 volatile compounds were detected,with a maximum of 15 *** highest proportion in the four groups was eugenol,followed by n-hexadecanoic acid,methyl hexadecanoate *** SA group had no significant contribution in terms of quality and *** samples pretreated with KGM had the best quality,and those pretreated by CA had the best flavor.

关键词： Pretreatment Amino acids ATP-related compounds Betaine Volatile component

Sr,Nd,Pb and trace element systematics of the New Caledonia harzburgites:Tracking source depletion and contamination processes in a SSZ setting

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第1期11卷 37-55页

作者： Arianna Secchiari alessandra Montanini Delphine Bosch Patrizia Macera Dominique Cluzel Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della SostenibilitàAmbientaleUniversitàdi ParmaItaly Geosciences Montpellier Universitéde MontpellierFrance Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra Universitàdi PisaItaly Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées Universitéde la Nouvelle-CalédonieNew Caledonia

The New Caledonia ophiolite(Peridotite Nappe)consists primarily of harzburgites,locally overlain by mafic-ultramafic cumulates,and minor spinel and plagioclase *** this study,a comprehensive geochemical data set(major and trace element,Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes)has been obtained on a new set of fresh harzburgites in order to track the processes recorded by this mantle section and its *** studied harzburgites are low-strain tectonites showing porphyroclastic textures,locally grading into protomylonitic *** exhibit a refractory nature,as attested by the notable absence of primary clinopyroxene,very high Fo content of olivine(91-93 mol.%),high Mg#of orthopyroxene(0.91-0.93)and high Cr#of spinel(0.44-0.71).The harzburgites are characterised by remarkably low REE concentrations(<0.1 chondritic values)and display"U-shaped"profiles,with steeply sloping HREE(DyN/YbN=0.07-0.16)and fractionated LREE-MREE segments(LaN/SmN=2.1-8.3),in the range of modern fore-arc *** modelling shows that the HREE composition of the harzburgites can be reproduced by multi-stage melting including a first phase of melt depletion in dry conditions(15%fractional melting),followed by hydrous melting in a subduction zone setting(up to 15%-18%).However,melting models fail to explain the enrichments observed for some FME(***,Sr,Pb),LREE-MREE and *** enrichments,coupled with the frequent occurrence of thin,undeformed films of Al2 O3,and CaO-poor orthopyroxene(Al2O3=0.88-1.53 wt.%,CaO=0.31-0.56 wt.%)and clinopyroxene with low Na2 O(0.03-0.16 wt.%),Al2 O3(0.66-1.35 wt.%)and TiO2(0.04-0.10 wt.%)contents,point to FME addition during fluid-assisted melting followed by late stage metasomatism most likely operated by subductionrelated melts with a depleted trace element *** isotopic ratios range from unradiogenic to radiogenic(-0.80<εNdi≤+13.32)and negatively correlate with Sr isotopes(0.70257≤87Sr/86Sr≤0.70770).Pb isotopes cover a wide range,trendi

关键词： Intra-oceanic arcs Depleted mantle sections Fore-ac harzburgites New Caledonia ophiolite Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes Subduction zones

International Migration Policies： Should They Be A New G20 Topic？

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China & World Economy 2016年第4期24卷 93-110页

作者： Andrea Goldstein alessandra Venturini Managing Director NOMISMA Bologna Italy. Professor University of Turin and Deputy Director Migration Policy Center European University Institute Florence Italy

International migration should be a core subject for global governance, given its transnational nature, and yet it is its ＂ugly duckling＂ and the global community has shied away from taking any concrete action to regulate cross-border flows of people, at least until 2015, when the refugee crisis in the Mediterranean prompted Turkey to include migration in the Antalya agenda. It is unlikely that the international community will move beyond the current consensus based on humanitarian principles and recognize that the free flow of people is a right, on the same level as trade and capital liberalization. At the same time, much of the criticism of migration policies is misplaced.＂ efforts shouM be focused on improving the implementation of existing policies and fine-tune these policies in relation to entrance and integration, preferably in cooperation with the country of origin. The G20 should play a leading role in facilitating such coordination, also taking into account the increasing importance of South-South migration （such as the migration of Chinese citizens to Africa）.

关键词： G20 migration population growth refugees

Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第4期23卷 563-572页

作者： Federica Cavalcoli alessandra Zilli Dario Conte Sara Massironi Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Postgraduate School of Gastroenterology Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversitàdegli Studi di Milano

Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis (CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by an immune response, which is directed towards the parietal cells and intrinsic factor of the gastric body and fundus and leads to hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and inadequate production of the intrinsic factor. As a result, the stomach’s secretion of essential substances, such as hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, is reduced, leading to digestive impairments. The most common is vitamin B12 deficiency, which results in a megaloblastic anemia and iron malabsorption, leading to iron deficiency anemia. However, in the last years the deficiency of several other vitamins and micronutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid and calcium, has been increasingly described in patients with CAAG. In addition the occurrence of multiple vitamin deficiencies may lead to severe hematological, neurological and skeletal manifestations in CAAG patients and highlights the importance of an integrated evaluation of these patients. Nevertheless, the nutritional deficiencies in CAAG are largely understudied. We have investigated the frequency and associated features of nutritional deficiencies in CAAG in order to focus on any deficit that may be clinically significant, but relatively easy to correct. This descriptive review updates and summarizes the literature on different nutrient deficiencies in CAAG in order to optimize the treatment and the follow-up of patients affected with CAAG.

关键词： Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis Nutritional deficiency Vitamin B12 Iron Vitamin C Vitamin D Calcium Malabsorption