Cadmium-induced neurotoxicity: still much ado

作     者：Jacopo Junio Valerio Branca Gabriele Morucci Alessandra Pacini 

作者机构：Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of Florence 

出 版 物：《Neural Regeneration Research》 (中国神经再生研究（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2018年第13卷第11期

页      面：1879-1882页

核心收录：

学科分类：0710[理学-生物学] 100405[医学-卫生毒理学] 1004[医学-公共卫生与预防医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 1002[医学-临床医学] 1001[医学-基础医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 10[医学] 

主　　题：cadmium toxicity neurodegenerative disorders oxidative stress reactive oxygen species blood-brain barrier permeability metallothionein 17β-estradiol G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-30 

摘      要：Cadmium（Cd） is a highly toxic heavy metal that accumulates in living system and as such is currently one of the most important occupational and environmental pollutants. Cd reaches into the environment by anthropogenic mobilization and it is absorbed from tobacco consumption or ingestion of contaminated substances. Its extremely long biological half-life（approximately 20-30 years in humans） and low rate of excretion from the body cause cadmium storage predominantly in soft tissues（primarily, liver and kidneys） with a diversity of toxic effects such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, endocrine and reproductive toxicities. Moreover, a Cd-dependent neurotoxicity has been also related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer＇s and Parkinson＇s diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. At the cellular level, Cd affects cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other cellular activities. Among all these mechanisms, the Cd-dependent interference in DNA repair mechanisms as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species, seem to be the most important causes of its cellular toxicity. Nevertheless, there is still much to find out about its mechanisms of action and ways to reduce health risks. This article gives a brief review of the relevant mechanisms that it would be worth investigating in order to deep inside cadmium toxicity.