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Modulation of hepatic steatosis by dietary fatty acids

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第7期20卷 1746-1755页

作者： alessandra Ferramosca Vincenzo Zara Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali Università del SalentoI-73100 LecceItaly

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) describes a range of conditions caused by fat deposition within liver cells. Liver fat content reflects the equilibrium between several metabolic pathways involved in triglyceride synthesis and disposal, such as lipolysis in adipose tissue and de novo lipogenesis, triglyceride esterification, fatty acid oxidation and very-low-density lipoprotein synthesis/secretion in hepatic tissue. In particular, it has been demonstrated that hepatic de novo lipogenesis plays a significant role in NAFLD pathogenesis. It is widely known that the fatty acid composition of the diet influences hepatic lipogenesis along with other metabolic pathways. Therefore, dietary fat may not only be involved in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis, but may also prevent and/or reverse hepatic fat accumulation. In this review, major data from the literature about the role of some dietary fats as a potential cause of hepatic fat accumulation or as a potential treatment for NAFLD are described. Moreover, biochemical mechanisms responsible for an increase or decrease in hepatic lipid content are critically analyzed. It is noteworthy that both quantitative and qualitative aspects of dietary fat influence triglyceride deposition in the liver. A high-fat diet or the dietary administration of conjugated linoleic acids induced hepatic steatosis. In contrast, supplementation of the diet with krill oil or pine nut oil helped in the prevention and/or in the treatment of steatotic liver. Quite interesting is the “case” of olive oil, since several studies have often provided different and/or conflicting results in animal models.

关键词： Hepatic steatosis Non-alcoholic fatty liver Fatty acids Lipogenesis

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Evidence for using a dual COX 1/2 and 5-LOX inhibitor in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第7期12卷 1077-1078页

作者： Natasha Irrera alessandra Bitto Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Messina Messina Italy

A complex network of factors contributes to neuroinflammation,such as infections,brain injuries and accumulation of toxic metabolites（Gendelman,2002）.Eicosanoids and several cytokines are the main mediators of inflammatory process;in fact,when an inflammatory condition persists,it can be responsible for the progression of degenerative diseases,

关键词： COX LOX in Evidence for using a dual COX 1/2 and 5-LOX inhibitor in neurodegenerative diseases for

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Adjusted macroeconomic indicators to account for ecosystem degradation:an illustrative example

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2019年第1期5卷 133-143,I0003页

作者： alessandra La Notte Alexandra Marques European Commission Joint Research Centre(JRC)IspraItaly

Adjusting macroeconomic indicators to account for the depletion and degradation of natural capital has long been viewed as a way to show the linkages between nature and the economy and foster more sustainable paths of ***,we show how the System of Environmental Economic Accounting(SEEA)Experimental Ecosystem Accounting(EEA)can be used to develop environmentally adjusted macroeconomic *** specifically,we show how an enlargement of the production boundary to include the consideration of ecosystems as institutional units allows the development of a net value added metric that reflects depreciation and degradation of the natural capital *** measurement could be useful for policymaking:the linkage of ecosystem services to economic activities allows us to account for loss,repair and substitution of natural capital,and thus helps us to formulate and monitor environmental policies.

关键词： Ecosystem services natural capital ecosystem accounting sustainability degradation

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The inflammasomes in health and disease:from genetics to molecular mechanisms of autoinflammation and beyond

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第2期8卷 135-145页

作者： Cristina Conforti-Andreoni Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli alessandra Mortellaro Singapore Immunology Network(SIgN) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)ImmunosSingapore

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-containing protein-like receptors(NLRs)are a recently discovered class of innate immune receptors that play a crucial role in initiating the inflammatory response following pathogen *** NLRs form the framework for cytosolic platforms called inflammasomes,which orchestrate the early inflammatory process via IL-1b *** and polymorphisms in NLR-coding genes or in genetic loci encoding inflammasome-related proteins correlate with a variety of autoinflammatory ***,the activity of certain inflammasomes is associated with susceptibility to infections as well as autoimmunity and *** this review,we will discuss how identifying the genetic characteristics of inflammasomes is assisting our understanding of both autoinflammatory diseases as well as other immune system-driven disorders.

关键词： autoinflammatory diseases polymorphisms NLRs NLRP3

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Economic and Qualitative Traits of Italian Alps Saffron

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第6期12卷 1542-1550页

作者： alessandra MANZO Sara PANSERI Danilo BERTONI Annamaria GIORGI Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment-Ge.S.Di.Mont.-Università degli Studi di Milano Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health-Università degli Studi di Milano Department of Economics Management and Quantitative Methods-Università degli Studi di Milano Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production Landscape Agroenergy-Università degli Studi di Milano

Saffron, obtained from the flower stigmas of Crocus sativus L., is one of the most expensive food spices. The introduction of saffron in alpine areas could help to broaden and diversify the activities of mountain multifunctional farms, with a positive impact on economy and land management. According to ISO 3632(2010/2011), saffron can be classified into three categories of quality(I, II, III) depending on the concentration of the three main metabolites responsible for its characteristic colour, flavor and aroma: Crocin, Picrocrocin and Safranal. This study represents the first investigation of the quality of saffron produced in the Italian Alps evaluated with spectrophotometry, HPLC, solid-phase microextraction(SPME), and gas chromatographic analysis combined with mass spectrometry(GC/MS). The experiments used Crocus sativus stigmas produced in 2012-2013 in different areas of the Central Italian Alps were located at an altitude between 720 and 1200 m a.s.l.. Results obtained were compared to commercial saffron. The analyses confirmed that all samples can be classified in the first quality category according to the ISO classification. This high quality is also confirmed by HPLC analysis. Moreover, the SPME-GC/MS analysis identified some differences in the aromatic profile of saffron samples, in particular regarding safranal concentration. A preliminary assessment of the economic viability of high quality saffron production for local markets was also performed. Our study provides valid information regarding the quality and economic sustainability of saffron production in the alpine area confirming this crop as a good candidate for a new source of income for multifunctional farms in mountain areas.

关键词： Crocus sativus L. Alps ISO 3632 UV– Vis spectrophotometry SPME-GC/MS HPLC

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Effect of steam-pretreatment combined with hydrogen peroxide on lignocellulosic agricultural wastes for bioethanol production：Analysis of derived sugars and other by-products

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第2期27卷 535-543页

作者： alessandra Verardi Alessandro Blasi Tiziana Marino Antonio Molino Vincenza Calabrò Laboratory of Transport Phenomena and Biotechnology Department of Computer Engineering Modeling Electronics and Systems Science (DIMES) University of Calabria Via Pietro Bucci Cube 39/A 1st Floor 1-87036 Arcavacata di Rende Cosenza (CS) Italy ENFA Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development CR Trisaia S.S. 106 lonica km 419+500-75026 Rotondella Matera (MT) Italy Institute on Membrane Technology ITM-CNR Via P. Bucci Cuba 17/c 1-87036 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy ENEA. Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development CR Portici P.. Enrico Fermi 1 80055 Portici NA Italy

The hydrogen peroxide, a green impregnating agent suitable for lignocellulosic biomass to bioethanol process, was used to pretreat sugarcane bagasse by steam explosion. Two different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide（0.2% and 1%） were investigated. Then, the biomass was hydrolyzed after pretreatment using cellulase. The amount released of：（i） cellobiose;（ii） monosaccharides, as glucose, xylose, arabinose and mannose and（iii） lignocellulose derived by-products, as furans and small organic acids（acetic, formic,and levulinic acid）, was evaluated in the hydrolysate samples, previously pretreated both in the presence and absence of impregnating agent. By adding of hydrogen peroxide in steam-pretreatment, the average yield increase was 12% for glucose and as high as 34% for xylose, and cellobiose yield was decreased of about 30%. No significant increase has been observed in arabinose and mannose yield. Furthermore,the hydrogen peroxide seems not increased the formation of lignocellulose derived by-products during pretreatment process, with the exception of the levulinic acid.

关键词： Lignocellulose Hydrogen peroxide Steam explosion Enzymatic hydrolysis Bioethanol

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A Methodology for Vulnerability Assessment of Cultural Heritage in Extreme Climate Changes

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 404-420页

作者： Riccardo Cacciotti Alessandro Sardella MilošDrdácký alessandra Bonazza Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Czech Academy of Sciences19000PragueCzech Republic Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate National Research Council of Italy40129BolognaItaly Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences University of Ferrara44121FerraraItaly Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale 00144RomaItaly

Vulnerability evaluation plays a key role in risk assessment and reduction and is essential for defining strategies for climate change adaptation and *** dealing with the safeguarding of cultural heritage at risk,we are still far from adopting and applying an agreed methodology for vulnerability *** the aim to support practitioners,heritage managers,and policy and decision makers to undertake actions that address the protection of cultural heritage at risk,the methodology set up in the framework of the Interreg Central Europe STRENCH is illustrated and discussed *** on three major requirements(susceptibility,exposure,and resilience)and a continuous consultation with local stakeholders,the proposed methodology is applicable for evaluating the vulnerability of built heritage and cultural landscape exposed to hydrometeorological hazards,such as heavy rains,floods,and *** results obtained through its validation on 15 case studies from seven Central European regions are shown to underline the strengths and limitations of the methodological *** consultation with local stakeholders was fundamental for the definition of the criteria/subcriteria and related values for the assessment of the *** to further sites in other contexts would surely contribute to strengthening the reliability of the methodological approach.

关键词： Built and natural heritage Exposure Heritage vulnerability Resilience Risk management Susceptibility

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Antioxidant dietary approach in treatment of fatty liver: New insights and updates

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第23期23卷 4146-4157页

作者： alessandra Ferramosca Mariangela Di Giacomo Vincenzo Zara Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali Università del Salento Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a common clinicopathological condition, encompassing a range of conditions caused by lipid deposition within liver cells. To date, no approved drugs are available for the treatment of NAFLD, despite the fact that it represents a serious and growing clinical problem in the Western world. Identification of the molecular mechanisms leading to NAFLD-related fat accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative balance impairment facilitates the development of specific interventions aimed at preventing the progression of hepatic steatosis. In this review, we focus our attention on the role of dysfunctions in mitochondrial bioenergetics in the pathogenesis of fatty liver. Major data from the literature about the mitochondrial targeting of some antioxidant molecules as a potential treatment for hepatic steatosis are described and critically analysed. There is ample evidence of the positive effects of several classes of antioxidants, such as polyphenols(i.e., resveratrol, quercetin, coumestrol, anthocyanins, epigallocatechin gallate and curcumin), carotenoids(i.e., lycopene, astaxanthin and fucoxanthin) and glucosinolates(i.e., glucoraphanin, sulforaphane, sinigrin and allyl-isothiocyanate), on the reversion of fatty liver. Although the mechanism of action is not yet fully elucidated, in some cases an indirect interaction with mitochondrial metabolism is expected. We believe that such knowledge will eventually translate into the development of novel therapeutic approaches for fatty liver.

关键词： Hepatic steatosis Fatty liver Lipogenesis Mitochondria Oxidative stress

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Interleukin 28B polymorphisms as predictor of response in hepatitis C virus genotype 2 and 3 infected patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第47期19卷 8924-8928页

作者： alessandra Mangia Leonardo Mottola Rosanna Santoro Liver Unit-IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza"San Giovanni Rotondo71013 FGItaly

Single nucleotide polymorphisms near the interleukin28B(IL-28B)gene have been identified as strong predictors of both spontaneous or Peg-interferon(Peg-IFN)and ribavirin(RBV)induced clearance of hepatitis C virus(HCV).Several studies have shown that,in patients with genotype 1(GT-1),rs12979860 C/C and rs8099917T/T substitutions are associated with a more than twofold increase in sustained virological response rate to Peg-IFN and RBV *** new treatment regimens based on combination of DAA with or without IFN are in the approval phase,until combination regimens with a backbone of Peg-IFN will be used,we can expect that IL28B holds its *** clinical relevance of IL28B genotyping in treatment of patients infected with HCV genotype 2(GT-2)and 3(GT-3)remains ***,after a careful examination of the available literature,we analyzed the impact of IL28B in GT-2 *** size of the studies and GT-2 and GT-3 proportion were *** algorithm for the practical use of IL28B in these patients was suggested at the aim of optimizing treatment.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Genotype 3 Interleukin 28B Liver cirrhosis

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Klotho:A new therapeutic target in diabetic retinopathy?

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第7期14卷 1027-1036页

作者： alessandra Puddu Davide Carlo Maggi Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties University of GenovaGenova 16132Italy

Klotho(Kl)is considered an antiaging gene,mainly for the inhibition of the insulin-like growth factor-1 *** exists as full-length transmembrane,which acts as co-receptor for fibroblast growth factor receptor,and in soluble forms(sKl).The sKl may exert pleiotropic effects on organs and tissues by regulating several pathways involved in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with oxidative and inflammatory *** diabetic Patients,serum levels of Kl are significantly decreased compared to healthy subjects,and are related to duration of *** diabetic retinopathy(DR),one of the most common microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes,serum Kl levels are negatively correlated with progression of the disease.A lot of evidences showed that Kl regulates several mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis and functions of retinal cells,including phagocytosis,calcium signaling,secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGF-A),maintenance of redox status,and melanin *** data have been shown that Kl exerts positive effects on several mechanisms involved in onset and progression of *** particular,treatment with Kl:(1)Prevents apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in human retinal endothelial cells and in retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells;(2)reduces secretion of VEGF-A by RPE cells;and(3)decreases subretinal fibrosis and preserves autophagic ***,Kl may become a novel biomarker and a good candidate for the treatment of DR.

关键词： Klotho Diabetic retinopathy Retinal pigment epithelium Vascular endothelial growth factor A Epithelial to mesenchimal transition Ocular neovascularization

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