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Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第4期23卷 563-572页

作者： Federica Cavalcoli alessandra Zilli Dario Conte Sara Massironi Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Postgraduate School of Gastroenterology Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversitàdegli Studi di Milano

Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis (CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by an immune response, which is directed towards the parietal cells and intrinsic factor of the gastric body and fundus and leads to hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and inadequate production of the intrinsic factor. As a result, the stomach’s secretion of essential substances, such as hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, is reduced, leading to digestive impairments. The most common is vitamin B12 deficiency, which results in a megaloblastic anemia and iron malabsorption, leading to iron deficiency anemia. However, in the last years the deficiency of several other vitamins and micronutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid and calcium, has been increasingly described in patients with CAAG. In addition the occurrence of multiple vitamin deficiencies may lead to severe hematological, neurological and skeletal manifestations in CAAG patients and highlights the importance of an integrated evaluation of these patients. Nevertheless, the nutritional deficiencies in CAAG are largely understudied. We have investigated the frequency and associated features of nutritional deficiencies in CAAG in order to focus on any deficit that may be clinically significant, but relatively easy to correct. This descriptive review updates and summarizes the literature on different nutrient deficiencies in CAAG in order to optimize the treatment and the follow-up of patients affected with CAAG.

关键词： Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis Nutritional deficiency Vitamin B12 Iron Vitamin C Vitamin D Calcium Malabsorption

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Antimicrobial activity of thin metallic silver flakes, waste products of a manufacturing process

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第9期23卷 1570-1577页

作者： Manuela Anzano alessandra Tosti Marina Lasagni Alfredo Campiglio Demetrio Pitea Elena Collina Department of Environmental Sciences University of Milano-Bicocca

The aim of the research was to develop new products and processes from a manufacturing waste from an Italian metallurgic *** company produced thin silver metallic films and the production scraps were silver *** possibility to use the silver flakes in water disinfection processes was *** antimicrobial activity of the flakes was investigated in batch using Escherichia coli as Gram-negative microorganism *** flakes did not show any antimicrobial activity,so they were activated with two different processes： thermal activation in reducing atmosphere and chemical activation,obtaining,respectively,reduced flakes （RF） and chemical flakes （CF）.The flakes,activated with either treatment,showed antimicrobial activity against *** kill rate was dependent on the type of activated *** chemical flakes were more efficient than reduced *** kill rate determined for 1 g of CF,1.0 ± 0.2 min ？1 ,was greater than the kill rate determined for 1 g of RF,0.069 ± 0.004 min ？1 .This was confirmed also by the minimum inhibitory concentration *** was demonstrated that the antimicrobial capability was dependent on flakes amount and on the type of aqueous ***,the flakes maintained their properties also when used a second ***,the antimicrobial activities of flakes were tested in an effluent of a wastewater treatment plant where a variety of heterotrophic bacteria were present.

关键词： metallic silver antimicrobial activity Escherichia coli activation reducing atmosphere waste recovery

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The Issuance of Mini-bonds and Its Impact on Italian SME's Performance

The Issuance of Mini-bonds and Its Impact on Italian SME's P...

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作者： alessandra GAO 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

意大利的主要业务形式是中小企业。一直以来,中小企业非常依赖银行贷款作为债务融资的来源,但是由于2008年金融危机,银行拒绝了许多公司获得信贷的机会。从此,中小企业开始寻找其他债务融来源。迷你债券是2012年在意大利推出的债务证券... 详细信息

意大利的主要业务形式是中小企业。一直以来,中小企业非常依赖银行贷款作为债务融资的来源,但是由于2008年金融危机,银行拒绝了许多公司获得信贷的机会。从此,中小企业开始寻找其他债务融来源。迷你债券是2012年在意大利推出的债务证券,便利于中小企业和非上市公司进入资本市场。该研究论文旨在通过比较发行人公司和非发行人公司的业绩并分析发行迷你公司后发行人公司的增长,证明迷你债券的发行可以对发行人公司的业绩产生积极影响。

关键词：债券融资意大利中小企业迷你债券财务绩效

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Interferon-gamma and neuropathy: balance between pain and neuroprotection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2700-2701页

作者： Valentina Ferrara alessandra Toti Carla Ghelardini Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli Department of Neuroscience PsychologyDrug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology SectionUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly

Chronic pain is sustained by a phenomenon of hyper-activation of nociceptive neurons both at peripheral(peripheral sensitization)and central(central sensitization)*** onset and maintenance of pain,however,is to be found in the interaction among the various cell populations in the nervous tissue including neurons and glia(Nam et al.,2016).The pathogenesis of neuropathic pain is extremely complex depending on the primary cause of nerve damage,*** nerve injury is associated with a robust inflammatory response while chemotherapy-induced pain is characterized by a modest phlogistic component(Di Cesare Mannelli et al.,2013).Despite these differences,a powerful common concept to explain the cellular mechanisms underlying pain is the activation of glia.

关键词： pain sustained

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Testing visible ozone injury within a Light Exposed Sampling Site as a proxy for ozone risk assessment for European forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第4期32卷 1351-1359页

作者： Pierre Sicard Yasutomo Hoshika Elisa Carrari alessandra De Marco Elena Paoletti ARGANS 260 route du Pin Montard06410 BiotFrance IRET-CNR Via Madonna del Piano 1050019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and Forestry(DAGRI)University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly ENEA Via Anguillarese 30100123 Santa Maria di GaleriaItaly

Biologically meaningful and cost-effective indicators are needed for assessing and monitoring the impacts of tropospheric ozone(0_(3)) on vegetation and are required in Europe by the National Emission Ceilings Directive(2016).However,a clear understanding on the best suited indicators is *** MOTTLES(MOnitoring ozone injury for seTTing new critical LEvelS) project set up a new generation network for 0_(3) monitoring in forest plots in order to:1) estimate the stomatal 0_(3) fluxes(Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold Y of uptake,PODY);and 2) collect visible foliar 0_(3) injury,both within the forest plot(ITP) and along the Light Exposed Sampling Site(LESS) along the forest *** forest sites at high 0_(3) risk were selected across Italy over 2017-2019 and significant correlations(p <0.05) were found between the percentage of symptomatic plant species within the LESS,and POD1(PODY,with Y=1 nmol 0_(3) m^(-2) s^(-1)) calculated for mixed forest species(r=0.53)and with the occurrence and severity of visible foliar 0_(3) injury on the dominant species in the plots(r=0.65).A generic flux-based critical level for mixed forest species was derived within the LESS and it was recommended using11 mmol m^(-2) POD1 as the critical level for forest protection against 0_(3) injury,similar to the critical level obtained in the ITP(12 mmol m^(-2) POD1).It was concluded that the frequency of symptomatic plant species within a LESS is a suitable and effective plant-response indicator of phytotoxic 0_(3) levels in forest *** is a non-destructive,less complex and less time-consuming approach compared to the ITP for monitoring foliar 0_(3) injury in the long *** visible foliar 0_(3) injury in the ITP might only underestimate the 0_(3) risk assessment at individual *** results are biologically meaningful and useful to monitoring experts and environmental policy makers.

关键词： Cost-effective indicator Forest monitoring Light-Exposed Sampling Site Ozone Phytotoxic ozone dose Visible injury

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Temperature responsiveness of seedlings maximum relative growth rate in three Mediterranean Cistus species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第2期10卷 331-339页

作者： Giacomo Puglielli alessandra Spoletini Giuseppe Fabrini Loretta Gratani Department of Environmental Biology Sapienza University of RomeP.le A.Moro 500185 RomeItaly

Aims Relative growth rate(RGR)is an indicator of the extent to which a species is using its photosynthates for growth and it is affected by environmental factors,including ***,most of plant growth studies have been carried out at a single growth temperature or at different temperature treatments,resulting in the lack of information on the relationship between RGR and chang-ing mean daily air *** analyzed the temporal changes in RGR during early growth stages in three Cistus species grown outdoor in a common garden from seeds of different ***,we wanted to define the relationship between daily changes in RGR and mean daily air temperature for the considered *** hypothesis that intra-specific temporal variations in RGR can reflect differences in the behavior to maximize RGR(RGRmax)in response to temperature was *** Seedlings of ***,*** and *** *** were grown outdoor in the experimental garden of the Sapienza University of Rome under a Mediterranean *** analyzed early growth with non-linear growth models and calcu-lated function-derived RGRs as the derivative with respect to time of the parameterized functions used to predict height divided by cur-rent *** relationships between function-derived RGRs and mean daily air temperature were analyzed by linear and non-linear models,which were ranked according to their standard errors and correlation *** temperature dependency of RGRmax per each provenance was evaluated through the relationship between RGRmax and the coefficients of the best regression model *** Findings A parameter that could summarize the temperature dependency of RGR up to RGRmax during the early growth stages for the selected provenances was *** allowed us to highlight that a greater RGR temperature responsiveness was related to a delay in the time to reach RGRmax independently by the species.

关键词： early growth stage non-linear growth models function-derived relative growth rate local adaptation

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Spatiotemporal variations of ozone exposure and its risks to vegetation and human health in Cyprus:an analysis across a gradient of altitudes

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 579-594页

作者： Stefanos Agathokleous Costas JSaitanis Chrysanthos Savvides Pierre Sicard Evgenios Agathokleous alessandra De Marco The Cyprus Institute NicosiaCyprus University of the Aegean MytileneLesvosGreece Agricultural University of Athens AthensGreece Department of Labour Inspection Ministry of Labour and Social InsuranceNicosiaCyprus ARGANS 260 route du Pin MontardBiotFrance School of Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044People’s Republic of China National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentRomeItaly

Ground-level ozone(O_(3)) aff ects vegetation and threatens environmental health when levels exceed critical values,above which adverse eff ects are *** is expected to be a hotspot for O_(3)concentrations due to its unique position in the eastern Mediterranean,receiving air masses from Europe,African,and Asian continents,and experiencing a warm Mediterranean *** Cyprus,the spatiotemporal features of O_(3) are poorly understood and the potential risks for forest health have not been *** evaluated O_(3) and nitrogen oxides(NO and NO 2)at four regional background stations at different altitudes over 2014−2016.O_(3) risks to vegetation and human health were estimated by calculating accumulated O_(3)exposure over a threshold of 40 nmol mol^(−1)(AOT40)and cumulative exposure to mixing ratios above 35 nmol mol^(−1)(SOMO35)*** data reveal that mean O_(3)concentrations follow a seasonal pattern,with higher levels in spring(51.8 nmol mol^(−1))and summer(53.2 nmol mol^(−1))and lower levels in autumn(46.9 nmol mol^(−1))and winter(43.3 nmol mol^(−1)).The highest mean O_(3)exposure(59.5 nmol mol^(−1)) in summer occurred at the high elevation station ***(1819 m a.s.l.).Increasing(decreasing)altitudinal gradients were found for O_(3)(NO x),driven by summer–winter diff *** diurnal patterns of O_(3) showed little *** at the lowest altitude O_(3) displayed a typical O_(3) diurnal pattern,with hourly diff erences smaller than 15 nmol mol^(−1).Accumulated O_(3) exposures at all stations and in all years exceeded the European Union’s limits for the protection of vegetation,with average values of 3-month(limit:3000 nmol mol^(−1)h)and 6-month(limit:5000 nmol mol^(−1)h)AOT40 for crops and forests of 16,564 and 31,836 nmol mol^(−1)h,respectively.O_(3) exposures were considerably high for human health,with an average SOMO35 value of 7270 nmol mol^(−1) days across stations and *** results indicate that O_(3) is a major environm

关键词： Air pollution Ozone risk assessment Exposure metrics Vegetation Human health

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Serum tumor markers not useful in screening patients with pancreatic mucinous cystic lesions associated with malignant changes

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2016年第5期15卷 553-557页

作者： Raffaele Pezzilli Lucia Calculli Gianvico Melzi d'Eril alessandra Barassi Department of Digestive System Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital Department of Radiology Sant’Orsola-Malpighi Hospital Department of Health Sciences SanPaolo HospitalUniversity of Milan

BACKGROUND: Serum cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) pro-vides additional information about mucinous cystic pancre-atic neoplasm (MPN). This study was undertaken to assess both CA19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) serum concentrations in consecutive patients affected by MPNs and other chronic benign and malignant pancreatic diseases. We also evaluated whether serum CA19-9 and CEA determina-tions provide additional information such as the presence of invasive carcinoma in MPN patients. METHODS: Serum CA19-9 and CEA from 91 patients with pancreatic diseases were tested by commercially available kits at the time of diagnosis. The upper reference limit of serum CA19-9 was 37 U/mL and that of serum CEA was 3 ng/mL. RESULTS: Thirty-ifve patients was diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis (CP), 32 with MPN, and 24 with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) conifrmed histologically. Surgery was carried out in 5 CP patients, in 10 MPN patients (7 of them had severe dysplasia), and 9 PDAC patients. Serum CA19-9 activity was high in 12 (34.3%) CP patients, in 7 (21.9%) MPN patients, and in 12 (50.0%) PDAC patients (P=0.089). High se-rum CEA concentrations were noted in 6 (17.1%) CP patients, in 6 (18.8%) MPN patients, and in 12 (50.0%) PDAC patients (P=0.010). In the 7 MPN patients associated with histological-ly conifrmed severe dysplasia, 3 (42.9%) patients had elevated serum activity of serum CA19-9, and 2 (28.6%) patients had high levels of CEA. CONCLUSION: Serum determination of oncological markers is not useful in selecting MPN patients with malignant changes.

关键词： cancer antigen 19-9 carcinoembryonic antigen cystic pancreatic neoplasms chronic pancreatitis pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma laboratory assessment

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Severe chronic diarrhea and maculopapular rash:A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第34期17卷 3948-3952页

作者： alessandra Elvevi Federica Grifoni Federica Branchi Umberto Gianelli Dario Conte Gastrointestinal Unit 2 Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and University of Milan Federica Grifoni Hematology Unit Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and University of Milan Umberto Gianelli Department of Pathology Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and University of Milan

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a heterogeneous disease of the bone marrow characterized by abnormal growth, accumulation and activation of clonal mast cells (MCs). We report a case of SM with multiorgan involvement. A 30-year-old man presented with diarrhea, flushing, maculopapular rash with itching and weight loss. The upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopies showed macroscopic involvement of stomach and duodenum; mucosal samples from stomach, duodenum, colon and distal ileum showed mucosal inf iltration by large, spindleshaped MCs with abnormal surface molecule expression (CD2 and CD25), a picture fully consistent with SM, according to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria. A computed tomography scan showed diffuse lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and diffuse small bowel involvement. Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy were diagnostic for SM; serum tryptase levels were increased (209 ng/mL, normal values < 20 ng/mL). The conclusive diagnosis was smouldering SM. There wereno therapeutic indications except for treatment of symptoms. The patient was strictly followed up because of the risk of aggressive evolution.

关键词： Mast cells Systemic mastocytosis Bone marrow Tryptase

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Cannabidiol preferentially binds TRPV2: a novel mechanism of action

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第12期17卷 2693-2694页

作者： Elisa Landucci Domenico E.Pellegrini-Giampietro alessandra Gianoncelli Giovanni Ribaudo Department of Health Sciences Section of Clinical Pharmacology and OncologyUniversity of FlorenceFirenzeItaly Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine University of BresciaBresciaItaly

Plants from the genus Cannabis,and strains of Cannabis sativa in particular,have been used in medicine since ancient *** Cannabis plant contains more than 500 chemical compounds,with two main phytocannabinoids consisting of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol(THC),the psychoactive constituent,and cannabidiol(CBD),which does not bear this *** paper aims at providing a perspective on the potential therapeutic effects of CBD based on its preferential interaction with transient potential receptor V2(TRPV2).Many formulations based on Cannabis extract have been licensed for therapeutic use in some Western *** these,the most relevant are Sativex(THC+CBD,used mainly for the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis)and Epidyolex(purified plant-derived CBD,used for some rare childhood epilepsies).

关键词： effect mechanism formulation

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