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Preliminary study on investigation of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in endemic foci of Ethiopia by detecting Leishmania infections in rodents

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第4期10卷 396-400页

作者： Wossenseged Lemma Asrat Bizuneh Habte Tekie Habtamu Belay Hirut Wondimu Aysheshm Kassahun Welelta shiferaw Meshesha Balkew Ibrahim Abassi Gad Baneth Asrat Hailu Department of Medical Parasitology School of Biomedical and Laboratory SciencesCollege of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Gondar Department of Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologySchool of MedicineAddis Ababa University Department of Zoological Sciences College of Natural ScienceAddis Ababa University Department of Parasitology Faculty of ScienceCharles University in Prague Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa University Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics the Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canadathe Kuvin Centre for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseasesthe Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School School of Veterinary Medicine Hebrew University

Objective:To investigate the zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis(ZVL) by identification of the most probable reservoir hosts using parasite isolation and analysis of a possible transmission dynamics of the disease in extra-domestic agricultural fields and rural ***:Rodents were collected from selected study sites in kala-azar endemic areas based on information for localities of kala-azar cases for screening of Leshmania infections using parasitological,serological and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from March.2013 to January,***(Clorketam Veterinary) was used to anaesthesize the rodents according the prescribed dosage(average 2 mg/kg for intra-venous route).The blood obtained using sterile needle was dropped into sterile filter paper and allowed to air dry before sealing in plastic *** tissues from liver,spleen and skin were macerated in Locke's solution before transferring them into NNN *** and touch smears of liver,spleen,skin and bone marrow were prepared for fixing using methanol and staining by Giemsa stain for *** tissues were also ascd for DNA extractions and PCR amplification of Leishmania ***:A total of 335 rodents(13 species) were analyzed by sampling internal *** infection rate by PCR was 11.1%(6/54) for Arvicanthis nilothicas compared to 17.6%(3/17) and 12.5%(2/16) for Acomys cahirinus and Tarera(C) robustus *** all the infections were found from bone marrow samples(8/48 or 16.7%) compared with 1/91(1.1%) liver,2/87(2.2%) spleen and 0/87(0%) *** all study sites with past human VL cases,rodents and proved vectors shared similar ***:Leishmania donovani might circulate among different species of rodents in kala-azar endemic lowlands and valleys of Ethiopia by Phlebotamus orientalis and Phlebotomus *** studies to substantiate the preliminary data on the possible role of these rodents arc urgently needed.

关键词： Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis Phlebotomus orientalis Phlebotomus martini Leishmania donovani Reservoir hosts Ethiopia

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Genetic Variation for Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] under Moisture Stress and Non-Stress Environments

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第8期

作者： Wondewosen shiferaw alemayehu Balcha Hussen Mohammed

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基于智能合约的系统形式化分析与验证技术研究

基于智能合约的系统形式化分析与验证技术研究

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作者： BEKELE BEHAYLU shiferaw 兰州理工大学

学位级别：硕士

在传统金融系统中,需要一个可信任的中间机构处理网络上价值交易,这种传统机制存在各种问题。第一个问题是这种机制需要长的交易时间,另一个问题是这中机制会导致高额的交易费用。为了解决这些问题,2008年提出了去中心化区块链平台。区... 详细信息

在传统金融系统中,需要一个可信任的中间机构处理网络上价值交易,这种传统机制存在各种问题。第一个问题是这种机制需要长的交易时间,另一个问题是这中机制会导致高额的交易费用。为了解决这些问题,2008年提出了去中心化区块链平台。区块链技术最重要的特性之一是能够在互不信任的各方之间进行通信,而无需依赖受信任的第三方实体,这种通信可以通过使用智能合约来实现。智能合约是运行在区块链上的图灵完备程序,但是智能合约的设计有两个关键问题,其一是智能合约通常运行在一个高度脆弱的分布式和无许可网络上,智能合约中的漏洞是一种重要的安全问题形式,这些漏洞允许攻击者从合约中提取货币。第二个问题是智能合约部署到去中心化的区块链网络上后无法更改或升级,这是众所周知智的能合约的不可篡改特征。由于这两个问题,智能合约在部署到区块链网络之前必须是正确和安全的,因此,应检查和验证基于智能合约的区块链应用程序,以确保智能合约实施的正确性、安全性和可靠性。本论文首先研究了以太坊中智能合约中的安全漏洞;其次,调查了现有的智能合约形式验证方法;最后,使用Remix IDE工具验证和测试了ERC20智能合约,并说明了该工具如何通过调整调用方法的gas限制来解决重入问题,并展示它如何检测未验证调用和时间戳依赖性等漏洞。

关键词：区块链智能合约以太坊以太坊虚拟机 Remix IDE

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Pure and Mixed Plantations of <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>and <i>Cupressus lusitanica</i>: Their Growth Interactions and Effect on Diversity and Density of Undergrowth Woody Plants in Relation to Light

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Open Journal of Forestry 2015年第4期5卷 375-386页

作者： shiferaw Alem Jindrich Pavlis Josef Urban Jiri Kucera Department of Forest Botany Dendrology and Geobiocenology Mendel University in Brno Zemedelska 3/613 00 Brno Czech Republic EMS Brno Turisticka 5 621 00 Brno Czech Republic

Published results on the growth interactions of non-nitrogen fixing mixed plantations species, and their impact on the regeneration of woody plants are scant. This paper addresses the growth interactions of pure and mixed plantations of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Cupressus lusitanica and their impact on the regeneration of woody plants in relation with light. Data on the regenerated woody plants, individual characteristics of the plantation species and light reaching under the canopies were collected using sample plots (n = 4) with a size of 20 m × 20 m for each plantation type. The result showed that, E. camaldulensis was suppressing the growth of C. lusitanica while its growth was favored when it was mixed with C. lusitanica (p 0.05). Density of plantation trees were found not having a significant relationship with diversity of species (p = 0.801). There was a significant but not direct relationship between light reached in the understory of the canopies and diversity of species in the plantations (p = 0.027). Overall, the result indicated that both the pure and the mixed plantations were favoring the recruitment of woody plants.

关键词： Diversity Growth Light Mixed Plantation Pure Plantation Woody Plants

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Current state of active trachoma among elementary school students in the context of ambitious national growth plan: The case of Ethiopia

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Health 2013年第11期5卷 1768-1773页

作者： Molla Gedefaw Ali shiferaw Zelalem Alamrew Amsalu Feleke Tsegaw Fentie Kiros Atnafu Joint MPH Program Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia GAMBY College of Medical Sciences Bahir Dar Ethiopia Joint MPH Program Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar EthiopiaGAMBY College of Medical Sciences Bahir Dar Ethiopia Joint MPH Program Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia GAMBY College of Medical Sciences Bahir Dar Ethiopia University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia

Trachoma is a classical disease of poverty. It is still the second leading cause of blindness in Ethiopia. Cognizant of the poor living condition of its people, every effort of the current government of Ethiopia is geared towards eradication of extreme poverty. The main aim of this study was to assess the current status and correlates of active trachoma among elementary school students. A cross sectional school-based study was conducted in Dangla town administration in the month of March 2012. Multistage sampling technique was employed. Pre-tested structured questionnaire and eye examination were data collection tools. The data were collected by health professionals especially trained for eye care. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 for windows. Possible associations, and statistical significance between, and among variables were measured using odds ratio at 95% confidence interval. The study indicated that overall prevalence of active trachoma was 12%. The multi-variate analysis revealed that those children with unclean face were seven times more likely to develop active trachoma than those with clean face (AOR = 7.07, 95% CI: 3.36-14.96). Moreover, children who didn’t use soap to wash their face were two times more likely to develop active trachoma than those who claimed to use soap to wash their face (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.72-3.01). In short, the prevalence of trachoma is lower than the figures in previous survey reports in the region and at national levels;however, the risk factors remain the same. The struggle to eradicate extreme poverty should continue in a sustainable manner so that diseases of poverty including trachoma could be eliminated altogether.

关键词： Active Trachoma School Children National Plan Ethiopia

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Gallbladder adenocarcinoma and paraneoplastic parathyroid hormone mediated hypercalcemia

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2016年第2期7卷 265-269页

作者： Meera Yogarajah Bhradeev Sivasambu Zewge shiferaw-Deribe Department of Medicine Interfaith Medical Center

Parathyroid hormone mediated hypercalcemia is not always exclusively primary hyperparathyroidism and rarely could be due to ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion from tumor *** present a case of 86-yearold female with metastatic gall bladder adenocarcinoma diagnosed eight months back who presented with generalized fatigue and poor oral intake and was found to be hypercalcemic with elevated parathyroid hormone *** with technetium 99 m sestamibi scintigraphy with dual phase,subtraction thyroid scan(dual isotope scintigraphy),magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography did not demonstrate any parathyroid lesion in normal or ectopic *** believe that the tumor cells were the source of ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion as we had excluded all the other possibilities with extensive combined imaging thereby increasing the sensitivity of our *** report the first case of metastatic gall bladder adenocarcinoma with paraneoplastic ectopic parathyroid hormone secretion.

关键词： Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia Gallbladder adenocarcinoma Hypercalcemia Hyperparathyroidism Ectopic parathyroid secretion

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Antimicrobial activity and DNA-fragmentation effect of isoflavonoids isolated from seeds of Millettia ferruginea,an endemic legume tree in Ethiopia

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第7期4卷 556-563页

作者： Manash Kumar Choudhury Yoseph shiferaw Kumar Ranabir Sur Diganta Dey Sukalyani Debnath Subhalakshmi Ghosh Ratnamala Ray Banasri Hazra Department of Chemistry Dilla UniversityDillaP.O.Box 419Ethiopia Department of Chemistry R.K.Mission Vivekananda Centenary CollegeRaharaKolkata 700068India Department of Microbiology Ashok Laboratory Clinical Testing Centre Private LimitedKolkata 700068India Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Jadavpur UniversityKolkata 700032India

Objective:To investigate the seeds of Millettia ferruginea(***)to unravel its antibacterial,antifungal,antitubercular,and antileishmanial potential for the first ***:*** seeds were refluxed separately with chloroform,methanol and water to prepare the three extracts,which were tested against the reference strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,yeast cells,Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Leishmania donovani(***)***,the seeds were chemically analysed to isolate three constituent compounds,viz.,barbigerone,calopogonium isoflavone-A and durmillone,which were purified,characterised and evaluated for antibacterial and antileishmanial ***,Comet assay was conducted to observe DNA fragmentation effects on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells pretreated with the isoflavonoid ***:The chloroform and methanol extracts of *** seeds exhibited antibacterial and antileishmanial *** pure compounds also showed inhibitory activity against Gram-negative ATCC strains(minimum inhibitory concentration~0.5μmol/L),and *** promastigotes(IC_(50)8.2-87.3μg/mL).However,they had little or no activity against yeast cells and tubercle *** DNA fragmentation study showed that the isoflavonoid constituents of *** seeds were safe at therapeutic ***:The antibacterial efficacy of the non-aqueous extracts of *** seed was observed against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative ATCC ***,the constituents isoflavonoids,viz.,barbigerone,calopogonium isoflavone-A and durmillone,exhibited inhibitory activity against Gram-negative ATCC strains and *** *** comet assay showed that the compounds were safe to be considered for human consumption.

关键词： Millettia ferruginea Calopogonium isoflavone-A Barbigerone Durmillone Antileishmanial activity Comet assay Antibacterial activity Isoflavonoids

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Suitable Site Selection and Location Allocation of Solid Waste Collection Bin by Using Geographic Information Systems:A Case of Nekemte Town

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Journal of Building Material Science 2021年第1期3卷 15-25页

作者： shiferaw Garoma Wayessa Jiregna Nugusa Duresa Ayana Abera Beyene Motuma shiferaw Regasa Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering and TechnologyWollega UniversityNekemteEthiopia Department of Hydraulic and Water Resource Engineering College of Engineering and TechnologyWollega UniversityNekemteEthiopia Department of Surveying Engineering College of Engineering and TechnologyWollega UniversityNekemteEthiopia

The problem of environmental pollution and health hazards due to inappropriate solid waste disposal is critical in developing countries like Ethiopia,Nekemte town is one of the town in Ethiopia facing from environmental pollution due to lack of appropriate dumping site which leads pollution of surface and ground water and environment in and around dumping *** key objective of this study was the selection of appropriate sites for disposal,solid waste using Geographic Information System *** the most suitable landfill site was determined through the integration of geographic information system tools,multi-criteria decision investigation and remote sensing *** select a suitable landfill site several parameters were considered for example slope,constructed area,road,water bodies,land uses,geology and *** analysis of the suitability of a solid waste-dumping site used GIS tools,weighted analyzed methods selected 36 areas for medium solid waste *** map was prepared by overlay analyzed with GIS based Weighted Linear Combination analysis to select the suitable sites and assigned as the value as unsuitable,less suitable,moderately suitable,suitable and highly suitable were *** this method selected,highly suitable areas for land fill and inclination area.

关键词： Site selection GIS Landfill Parameter Solid waste Suitability

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Assessment of the Cause and Effect of Early Damage of Cobble Stone Road Construction and Its Remedial Measurements:A Case of Nekemte Town Cheleleki Sub City

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Journal of Building Material Science 2021年第1期3卷 26-36页

作者： shiferaw Garoma Wayessa Ayana Abera Beyene Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering and TechnologyWollega UniversityNekemteEthiopia Department of Surveying Engineering College of Engineering and TechnologyWollega UniversityNekemteEthiopia

Road constructing in Ethiopia is increasingly in demand to meet its medium and long term development *** internal roads of Oromia city/town are cobblestone and *** portions along the alignment proposed and existing roads traversed low resistance of the subgrade that affect the stability of the upper layers of *** failure is observed on cobblestone roads,and it would be constructed with good quality or low quality of *** Cobblestones Projects have been started in 2014 widely which were filled in most areas today as we observed that needs to be addressed and a corresponding remedial measures must be drawn.A possible counteractive actions had been ordered for every observed destroyed to achieve the standard road situation of the study *** evaluation was made use observation,interviews,laboratory test and field test to govern an appropriateness of *** lie beneath soil used for bottom layers of road structure based on standard of Ethiopian Road Authority(ERA)low volume road ***,result from the field test and laboratory test shown,causes of cobblestone road failures of Nekemte street segment were mostly because of the construction steps/sequence,quality of materials,road construction time,absence of appropriate design,quality supervisor,absences of drainage structures,lack of highly compaction,lack of accurately fill fine aggregate and suddenly high loads vehicle applied on cobblestone road.

关键词： Cobblestone road Failures Remedial measures Laboratory test

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Sleep deprivation and associated factors among students of the Institute of Health in Jimma University, Southwest Ethiopia

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Frontiers of Nursing 2021年第3期

作者： Bayisa Bereka Negussie Mamo Solomon Emeria Ebrahim Yimam Reta Bisrat Zeleke shiferaw

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