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Toward sustainable waste management in small islands developing states: integrated waste-to-energy solutions in Maldives context

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 133-148页

作者： Yao Wang alejandro ruiz-acevedo Eemaan Rameez Vijaya Raghavan Abid Hussain Xunchang Fei School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore United Nations Office for Project Services(UNOPS) United Nations BuildingBuruzu MaguMale’20184Maldives Department of Bioresource Engineering McGill UniversitySte-Anne-De-BellevueQuebec H9X 3V9Canada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaOntario K1S 5B6H9X 3V9Canada

Effective waste management is a major challenge for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) like Maldives due to limited land availability. Maldives exemplifies these issues as one of the most geographically dispersed countries, with a population unevenly distributed across numerous islands varying greatly in size and population density. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the unique waste management practices across different regions of Maldives in relation to its natural and socioeconomic context. Data shows Maldives has one of the highest population density and per capita waste generation among SIDS, despite its small land area and medium GDP per capita. Large disparities exist between the densely populated capital Male’ with only 5.8 km2 area generating 63% of waste and the ~194 scattered outer islands with ad hoc waste management practices. Given Male’s dense population and high calorific waste, incineration could generate up to ~30 GW/a energy and even increase Maldives’ renewable energy supply by 200%. In contrast, decentralized anaerobic digestion presents an optimal solution for outer islands to reduce waste volume while providing over 40%–100% energy supply for daily cooking in local families. This timely study delivers valuable insights into designing context-specific waste-to-energy systems and integrated waste policies tailored to Maldives’ distinct regions. The framework presented can also guide other SIDS facing similar challenges as Maldives in establishing sustainable, ecologically sound waste management strategies.

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Waste incineration Waste management Maldives Small Island Developing States Waste-to-energy

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Exercise and quality of life in cancer

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第4期12卷 489-490页

作者： Carmen Fiuza-Luces Pedro L.Valenzuela alejandro Santos-Lozano Ana ruiz-Casado alejandro Lucia Physical Activity and Health Research Group(PaHerg) Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre(‘i+12’)Madrid 28041Spain Department of Systems Biology University of AlcalaMadrid 28871Spain i+HeALTH Research Group Department of Health SciencesEuropean University Miguel de CervantesValladolid 47012Spain Department of Medical Oncology Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro MajadahondaInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana(IDIPHISA)Madrid 28220Spain Faculty of Sport Sciences Universidad Europea de MadridMadrid 28670Spain

Historically,patients with cancer were told to avoid physical *** dogma has changed over the last 2 decades,with an exponential growth in the number of studies showing not only the safety,but also the benefits of regular physical activity/exercise in the cancer continuum,notably for attenuating treatment-related toxicities and side effects.

关键词： cancer patients showing

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Clinical assessment and management of liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第39期26卷 5919-5943页

作者： alejandro Campos-Murguía Astrid ruiz-Margáin JoséA González-Regueiro Ricardo U Macías-Rodríguez Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico City 14080Mexico

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is among the most frequent etiologies of cirrhosis worldwide,and it is associated with features of metabolic syndrome;the key factor influencing its prognosis is the progression of liver *** review aimed to propose a practical and stepwise approach to the evaluation and management of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD,analyzing the currently available *** the assessment of NAFLD patients,it is important to identify clinical,genetic,and environmental determinants of fibrosis development and its *** properly detect fibrosis,it is important to take into account the available methods and their supporting scientific evidence to guide the approach and the sequential selection of the best available biochemical scores,followed by a complementary imaging study(transient elastography,magnetic resonance elastography or acoustic radiation force impulse)and finally a liver biopsy,when *** help with the selection of the most appropriate method a Fagan′s nomogram analysis is provided in this review,describing the diagnostic yield of each method and their post-test probability of detecting liver ***,treatment should always include diet and exercise,as well as controlling the components of the metabolic syndrome,+/-vitamin E,considering the presence of sleep apnea,and when available,allocate those patients with advanced fibrosis or high risk of progression into clinical *** final end of this approach should be to establish an opportune diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD,aiming to decrease/stop its progression and improve their prognosis.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Liver fibrosis Clinical assessment Diagnosis Treatment Test accuracy

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Landscapes of Andenes and Sustainable Infrastructure in Andean Cities

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2019年第3期7卷 89-98页

作者： ruiz Lourdes Gavilanes alejandro Faculty of Architecture International University of Ecuador Quito Ecuador

This article aims to analyze cities located in the high mountain ecosystems formed by the landscape of Andenes or sustainable infrastructure of terraces located in the Ecuadorian and Peruvian Andean highlands of central South America. The selected case studies have in common the use of land for settlement purposes, and the fact that they pursue both urban and rural infrastructure sustainability approaches. Theoretical and empirical methods were used such as the historical-logical method, the inductive-deductive method, observation in situ and reviews of documents and maps. It is concluded that the anthropic interventions and the management and monitoring plans of each site allow for the conservation of their natural resources and of the landscape of Andenes, the improvement of the population’s quality of life, the control of structural risk to prevent erosion of the mountains where they are constructed as well as the preservation of the site’s globally significant cultural heritage (as recognised by UNESCO). Current trends in the sustainable use of cultural and natural resources of the heritage involve the conservation of terraced landscapes. Without their preservation, management or exploitation as a tourist resource cannot be carried out.

关键词： Andean Highlands Andenes Sustainable Landscape Cities Infrastructure Heritage

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Optimized Convolutional Neural Network Models for Skin Lesion Classification

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 2131-2148页

作者： Juan Pablo Villa-Pulgarin Anderson Alberto Ruales-Torres Daniel Arias-GarzónMario alejandro Bravo-Ortiz Harold Brayan Arteaga-Arteaga alejandro Mora-RubioJesus alejandro Alzate-Grisales Esteban Mercado-ruiz M.Hassaballah Simon Orozco-Arias Oscar Cardona-Morales Reinel Tabares-Soto Department of Electronics and Automation Universidad Autónoma deManizalesManizales170001Colombia SEDMATEC Corporación Universitaria Autónoma de Nari駉Pasto520002Colombia Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computers and InformationSouth Valley UniversityQena83523Egypt Department of Computer Science Universidad Autónoma de ManizalesManizales170001Colombia Department of Systems and Informatics Universidad de CaldasManizales170001Colombia

Skin cancer is one of themost severe diseases,andmedical imaging is among themain tools for cancer *** images provide information on the evolutionary stage,size,and location of tumor *** paper focuses on the classification of skin lesion images considering a framework of four experiments to analyze the classification performance of Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)in distinguishing different skin *** CNNs are based on transfer learning,taking advantage of ImageNet ***,in each experiment,different workflow stages are tested,including data augmentation and fine-tuning *** CNN models based on DenseNet-201,Inception-ResNet-V2,and Inception-V3 are proposed and compared using the HAM10000 *** results obtained by the three models demonstrate accuracies of 98%,97%,and 96%,***,the best model is tested on the ISIC 2019 dataset showing an accuracy of 93%.The proposed methodology using CNN represents a helpful tool to accurately diagnose skin cancer disease.

关键词： Deep learning skin lesion convolutional neural network data augmentation transfer learning

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Rumen microbial degradation of bromoform from red seaweed(Asparagopsis taxiformis)and the impact on rumen fermentation and methanogenic archaea

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 412-426页

作者： Pedro Romero alejandro Belanche Elisabeth Jiménez Rafael Hueso Eva Ramos-Morales Joan King Salwen Ermias Kebreab David R.Yáñez-ruiz Estacion Experimental del Zaidin Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(CSIC)Profesor Albareda 1Granada 18008Spain Department of Animal Production and Food Sciences University of ZaragozaMiguel Servet 177Saragossa 50013Spain Blue Ocean Barns Inc. Redwood CityCAUSA Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95618USA

Background The red macroalgae Asparagopsis is an effective methanogenesis inhibitor due to the presence of halogenated methane(CH_(4))analogues,primarily bromoform(CHBr_(3)).This study aimed to investigate the degradation process of CHBr3 from A taxiformis in the rumen and whether this process is *** in vitro batch culture system was used according to a 2×2 factorial design,assessing two A taxiformis inclusion rates[0(CTL)and 2%DM diet(AT)]and two diets[high-concentrate(HC)and high-forage diet(HF)].Incubations lasted for 72 h and samples of headspace and fermentation liquid were taken at 0,0.5,1,3,6,8,12,16,24,48 and 72 h to assess the pattern of degradation of CHBr_(3) into dibromomethane(CH_(2)Br_(2))and fermentation ***,an in vitro experiment with pure cultures of seven methanogens strains(Methanobrevibacter smithii,Methanobrevibacter ruminantium,Methanosphaera stadtmanae,Methanosarcina barkeri,Methanobrevibacter millerae,Methanorhermobacter wolfei and Methanobacterium mobile)was conducted to test the effects of increasing concentrations of CHBr3(0.4,2,10and 50μmol/L).Results The addition of AT significantly decreased CH_(4) production(P=0.002)and the acetate:propionate ratio(P=0.003)during a 72-h *** concentrations of CHBr_(3) showed a rapid decrease with nearly 90%degraded within the first 3 h of *** the contrary,CH_(2)Br_(2) concentration quickly increased during the first 6 h and then gradually decreased towards the end of the *** CHBr_(3) degradation nor CH_(2)Br_(2) synthesis were affected by the type of diet used as substrate,suggesting that the fermentation rate is not a driving factor involved in CHBr_(3)*** in vitro culture of methanogens showed a dose-response effect of CHBr3 by inhibiting the growth of ***,***,***,***,***,***,and *** The present work demonstrated that CHBr_(3) from *** is quickly degrad

关键词： Bromoform metabolism Dibromomethane metabolism Methane mitigation Methanogens Rumen microbiota Seaweed

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A System Identification-based Modeling Framework of Bidirectional DC-DC Converters for Power Grids

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第3期10卷 788-799页

作者： Gabriel E.Mejia-ruiz Mario R.A.Paternina Juan R.Rodriguez R. Juan M.Ramirez alejandro Zamora-Mendez Guillermo Bolivar-O. Department of Electrical Engineering National Autonomous University of Mexico(UNAM)Mexico CityMexico Department of Electrical Engineering Center for Research and Advanced Studies(CINVESTAV)GuadalajaraMexico Electrical Engineering Faculty Michoacan University of Saint Nicholas of Hidalgo(UMSNH)MoreliaMexico Engineering Faculty Corporacion Universitaria Minuto de Dios-UNIMINUTOBelloColombia

This paper proposes a system identification framework based on eigensystem realization to accurately model power electronic *** proposed framework affords an energy-based optimal reduction method to precisely identify the dynamics of power electronic converters from simulated or actual raw data measured at the converter’s *** method does not require any prior knowledge of the topology or internal parameters of the converter to derive the system modal *** accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method are exhaustively evaluated via simulations and practical tests on a software-simulated and hardware-implemented dual active bridge(DAB)converter under steady-state and transient *** various comparisons with the Fourier series-based generalized average model,switching model,and experimental measurements,the proposed method attains a root mean square error(RMSE)of less than 1%with respect to the actual raw ***,the computational effort is reduced to 1/8.6 of the Fourier series-based model.

关键词： Dual active bridge eigensystem realization algorithm generalized average model power electronic converter identification

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IMPROVING SOLVER PERFORMANCE THROUGH REDUNDANCY

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2016年第3期25卷 303-325页

作者： Eduardo Lalla-ruiz Stefan Voβ Department of Computer Engineering and Systems University of La Laguna Spain Institute of Information Systems (IWI) University of Hamburg Germany Eseuela de Ingenierla Industrial Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso (PUCV) Chile

It is well known that hierarchies of mathematical programming formulatlons with different numbers of variables and constraints have a considerable impact regarding the quality of solutions obtained once these formulations are fed to a commercial solver. In addition, even if dimensions are kept the same, changes in formulations may largely influence solvability and quality of results. This becomes evident especially if redundant constraints are used. We propose a related framework for information collection based on these constraints. We exemplify by means of a well-known combinatorial optimization problem from the knapsack problem family, i.e., the multidimensional multiple-choice knapsack problem （MMKP）. This incorporates a relationship of the MMKP to some generalized set partitioning problems. Moreover, we investigate an application in maritime shipping and logistics by means of the dynamic berth allocation problem （DBAP）, where optimal solutions are reached from the root node within the solver.

关键词： Erraticism redundant constraints multidimensional multiple-choice knapsack problem,dynamic berth allocation problem

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Inexpensive and flexible nanographene-based electrodes for ubiquitous electrocardiogram monitoring

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npj Flexible Electronics 2019年第1期3卷 100-105页

作者： Francisco J.Romero Encarnacion Castillo Almudena Rivadeneyra alejandro Toral-Lopez Markus Becherer Francisco G.ruiz Noel Rodriguez Diego P.Morales Pervasive Electronics Advanced Research Laboratory University of Granada18071 GranadaSpain Department of Electronics and Computer Technology University of Granada18071 GranadaSpain Institute for Nanoelectronics Technische Universität München80333 MunichGermany Biochemistry and Electronics as Sensing Technologies Group University of Granada18071 GranadaSpain

Flexible electronics is one of the fundamental technologies for the development of electronic skin,implant wearables,or ubiquitous *** this context,graphene-derived materials have attracted great interest due to their unique properties to fulfill the demands of these *** we report a simple one-step method for the fabrication of electrophysical electrodes based on the photothermal production of porous nanographene structures on the surface of flexible polyimide *** approach constitutes an inexpensive alternative to the commercial medical electrodes,leading to a lower and much more stable skin–electrode contact resistance and providing comparable signal *** technology has been framed inside the IoT paradigm through the development of a denoising and signal classification clustering algorithm suitable for its implementation in wearable *** experiments have shown promising achievements regarding noise reduction,increasing the crest factor~3.7 dB,as well as for the over 90%heart rate-monitoring accuracy.

关键词： ubiquitous IoT electrodes

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Cellular Auxin Homeostasis： Gatekeeping Is Housekeeping

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Molecular Plant 2012年第4期5卷 772-786页

作者： Michel ruiz Rosquete Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology University of Applied Life Sciences and Natural Resources (BOKU) 1190 Vienna Austria Department of Plant Systems Biology VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Ghent University 9052 Gent Belgium

The phytohormone auxin is essential for plant development and contributes to nearly every aspect of the plant life cycle. The spatio-temporal distribution of auxin depends on a complex interplay between auxin metabolism and cell-to-cell auxin transport. Auxin metabolism and transport are both crucial for plant development; however, it largely remains to be seen how these processes are integrated to ensure defined cellular auxin levels or even gradients within tissues or organs. In this review, we provide a glance at very diverse topics of auxin biology, such as biosynthesis, conjugation, oxidation, and transport of auxin. This broad, but certainly superficial, overview highlights the mutual importance of auxin metabolism and transport. Moreover, it allows pinpointing how auxin metabolism and transport get integrated to jointly regulate cellular auxin homeostasis. Even though these processes have been so far only separately studied, we assume that the phytohormonal crosstalk integrates and coordinates auxin metabolism and transport. Besides the integrative power of the global hormone signaling, we additionally introduce the hypothetical concept considering auxin transport components as gatekeepers for auxin responses.

关键词： auxin conjugation auxin homeostasis auxin metabolism auxin transport.

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