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Clinical assessment and management of liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第39期26卷 5919-5943页

作者： alejandro campos-murguía Astrid Ruiz-Margáin JoséA González-Regueiro Ricardo U Macías-Rodríguez Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico City 14080Mexico

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is among the most frequent etiologies of cirrhosis worldwide,and it is associated with features of metabolic syndrome;the key factor influencing its prognosis is the progression of liver fibrosis.This review aimed to propose a practical and stepwise approach to the evaluation and management of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD,analyzing the currently available literature.In the assessment of NAFLD patients,it is important to identify clinical,genetic,and environmental determinants of fibrosis development and its progression.To properly detect fibrosis,it is important to take into account the available methods and their supporting scientific evidence to guide the approach and the sequential selection of the best available biochemical scores,followed by a complementary imaging study(transient elastography,magnetic resonance elastography or acoustic radiation force impulse)and finally a liver biopsy,when needed.To help with the selection of the most appropriate method a Fagan′s nomogram analysis is provided in this review,describing the diagnostic yield of each method and their post-test probability of detecting liver fibrosis.Finally,treatment should always include diet and exercise,as well as controlling the components of the metabolic syndrome,+/-vitamin E,considering the presence of sleep apnea,and when available,allocate those patients with advanced fibrosis or high risk of progression into clinical trials.The final end of this approach should be to establish an opportune diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD,aiming to decrease/stop its progression and improve their prognosis.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Liver fibrosis Clinical assessment Diagnosis Treatment Test accuracy

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Targeting muscle to treat Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1653-1654页

作者： David Villarroel-campos James N.Sleigh Department of Neuromuscular Diseases and UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre UCL Queen Square Institute of NeurologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK UK Dementia Research Institute University College LondonLondonUK

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease(CMT)is a hereditary peripheral neuropathy causing muscle weakness/wasting and sensory dysfunction predominantly in limb extremities.CMT patients display gait abnormalities,foot deformities,loss of sensation and decreased/absent deep tendon reflexes,with motor symptoms usually being more prominent than sensory.

关键词： Marie sensation neuropathy

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Prognostic performance of an index based on lactic dehydrogenase and transaminases for patients with liver steatosis and COVID-19

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第37期28卷 5444-5456页

作者： Ricardo Ulises Macías-Rodríguez Alberto Adrián Solís-Ortega Victoria J Ornelas-Arroyo Astrid Ruiz-Margáin Maria Sarai González-Huezo Nestor A Urdiales-Morán Berenice M Román-Calleja Juan M Mayorquín-Aguilar JoséA González-Regueiro alejandro campos-murguía Israel Vicente Toledo-Coronado Mónica Chapa-Ibargüengoitia Bernardo Valencia-Peña Carlos Fernando Martínez-Cabrera Nayelli C Flores-García Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico City 14080Mexico Department of Gastroenterology Centro Médico ISSEMYMToluca 52140Mexico Department of Radiology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico City 14080Mexico

BACKGROUND Metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is associated with complications and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,there are no prognostic scores aimed to evaluate the risk of severe disease specifically in patients with MAFLD,despite its high prevalence.Lactate dehydrogenase,aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase have been used as markers of liver damage.Therefore,we propose an index based on lactate dehydrogenase,aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase for the prediction of complications and mortality in patients with MAFLD and COVID-19.AIM To evaluate the prognostic performance of an index based on lactate dehydrogenase and transaminases(aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase)in patients with COVID-19 and MAFLD[liver fibrosis and nutrition(LNF)-COVID-19 index].METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,two cohorts from two different tertiary centers were included.The first was the derivation cohort to obtain the score cutoffs,and the second was the validation cohort.We included hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 and MAFLD.Liver steatosis was evaluated by computed tomography scan.Area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and survival analysis were used.RESULTS In the derivation cohort,44.6%had MAFLD;ROC curve analysis yielded a LFN-COVID-19 index>1.67 as the best cutoff,with a sensitivity of 78%,specificity of 63%,negative predictive value of 91%and an area under the ROC curve of 0.77.In the multivariate analysis,the LFN-COVID-19 index>1.67 was independently associated with the development of acute kidney injury(odds ratio:1.8,95%confidence interval:1.3-2.5,P<0.001),orotracheal intubation(odds ratio:1.9,95%confidence interval:1.4-2.4,P<0.001),and death(odds ratio:2.86,95%confidence interval:1.6-4.5,P<0.001)in both cohorts.CONCLUSION LFN-COVID-19 index has a good performance to predict prognosis in patients with MAFLD and COVID-19,which could be useful for the MAFLD population.

关键词： COVID-19 Metabolic associated fatty liver disease Lactate dehydrogenase Transaminases Prognosis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Nutritional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第10期13卷 1440-1452页

作者： Astrid Ruiz-Margáin Berenice M Román-Calleja Paulina Moreno-Guillén JoséA González-Regueiro DeyaniraKúsulas-Delint alejandro campos-murguía Nayelli C Flores-García Ricardo Ulises Macías-Rodríguez Liver Nutrition Clinic Department of GastroenterologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico City 14080Mexico Liver Fibrosis and Nutrition Lab MICTLÁN-Network(Mechanisms of Liver InjuryCell Death and Translational Nutrition in Liver Diseases-Research Network)Mexico City 14080Mexico Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico City 14080Mexico

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most frequent primary liver cancer and presents together with cirrhosis in most cases.In addition to commonly recognized risk factors for HCC development,such as hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus infection,age and alcohol/tobacco consumption,there are nutritional risk factors also related to HCC development including high intake of saturated fats derived from red meat,type of cooking(generation of heterocyclic amines)and contamination of foods with aflatoxins.On the contrary,protective nutritional factors include diets rich in fiber,fruits and vegetables,n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and coffee.While the patient is being evaluated for staging and treatment of HCC,special attention should be paid to nutritional support,including proper nutritional assessment and therapy by a multidisciplinary team.It must be considered that these patients usually develop HCC on top of long-lasting cirrhosis,and therefore they could present with severe malnutrition.Cirrhosisrelated complications should be properly addressed and considered for nutritional care.In addition to traditional methods,functional testing,phase angle and computed tomography scan derived skeletal muscle index-L3 are among the most useful tools for nutritional assessment.Nutritional therapy should be centered on providing enough energy and protein to manage the increased requirements of both cirrhosis and cancer.Supplementation with branched-chain amino acids is also recommended as it improves response to treatment,nutritional status and survival,and finally physical exercise must be encouraged and adapted to individual needs.

关键词： Sarcopenia Liver Cancer Diet Branched-chain amino acids Nutrition

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Breaking paradigms: Long non-coding RNAs forming gene fusions with potential implications in cancer

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 311-323页

作者： David Sanchez-Marin Macrina Beatriz Silva-Cazares Fany Iris Porras-Reyes Rebeca Garcia-Roman Alma D.campos-Parra Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCiudad de MexicoC.P.04360Mexico Unidad Academica Multidisciplinaria Region Altiplano Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potost(UASLP)Carretera a Cedral Km 5+600Ejido San Jose de la TrojesMatehualaSan Luis PotosiC.P.78760Mexico Servicio de Anatomia Patologica Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia(INCan)Nino JesuisTlalpanCiudaddeMexicoC.P.14080Mexico Instituto de Salud Publica Universidad Veracruzana(UV)Av.Dr LuisDr.Castelazo Ayala s/nCol.Industrial AnimasXalapaVeracruzC.P.91190Mexico

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides with dynamic regulatory functions.They interact with a wide range of molecules such as DNA,RNA,and proteins to modulate diverse cellular functions through several mechanisms and,if deregulated,they can lead to cancer development and progression.Recently,it has been described that IncRNAs are susceptible to form gene fusions with mRNAs or other IncRNAs,breaking the paradigm of gene fusions consisting mainly of protein-coding genes.However,their biological significance in the tumor phenotype is still uncertain.Therefore,their recent identification opens a new line of research to study their biological role in tumor-igenesis,and their potential as biomarkers with clinical relevance or as therapeutic targets.The present study aimed to review the IncRNA fusions identified so far and to know which of them have been associated with a potential function.We address the current challenges to deepen their study as well as the reasons why they represent a future therapeutic window incancer.

关键词： Cancer Genefusions IncRNAs ncRNAs Therapy

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Machine learning algorithm partially reconfigured on FPGA for an image edge detection system

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology 2024年第2期22卷 48-68页

作者： Gracieth Cavalcanti Batista Johnny Oberg Osamu Saotome Haroldo F.de campos Velho Elcio Hideiti Shiguemori Ingemar Soderquist Division of Electronic and Embedded Systems KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm 16440Sweden Electronic Engineering Division Aeronautics Institute of TechnologySao Josédos Campos SP 12228-900Brazil Laboratory of Applied Computing and Mathematics National Institute for Space ResearchSao Josédos Campos SP 12227-900Brazil Department of C4ISR Institute of Advanced StudiesSao Josédos Campos SP 12228-001Brazil Saab AB Linkoping 58188Sweden

Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)have been widely used in military,medical,wireless communications,aerial surveillance,etc.One key topic involving UAVs is pose estimation in autonomous navigation.A standard procedure for this process is to combine inertial navigation system sensor information with the global navigation satellite system(GNSS)signal.However,some factors can interfere with the GNSS signal,such as ionospheric scintillation,jamming,or spoofing.One alternative method to avoid using the GNSS signal is to apply an image processing approach by matching UAV images with georeferenced images.But a high effort is required for image edge extraction.Here a support vector regression(SVR)model is proposed to reduce this computational load and processing time.The dynamic partial reconfiguration(DPR)of part of the SVR datapath is implemented to accelerate the process,reduce the area,and analyze its granularity by increasing the grain size of the reconfigurable region.Results show that the implementation in hardware is 68 times faster than that in software.This architecture with DPR also facilitates the low power consumption of 4 mW,leading to a reduction of 57%than that without DPR.This is also the lowest power consumption in current machine learning hardware implementations.Besides,the circuitry area is 41 times smaller.SVR with Gaussian kernel shows a success rate of 99.18%and minimum square error of 0.0146 for testing with the planning trajectory.This system is useful for adaptive applications where the user/designer can modify/reconfigure the hardware layout during its application,thus contributing to lower power consumption,smaller hardware area,and shorter execution time.

关键词： Dynamic partial reconfiguration(DPR) Field programmable gate array(FPGA)implementation Image edge detection Support vector regression(SVR) Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) pose estimation

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Metal-modulated epitaxy of Mg-doped Al_(0.80)In_(0.20)N-based layer for application as the electron blocking layer in deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第5期45卷 80-89页

作者： Horacio Irán Solís-Cisneros Carlos Alberto Hernández-Gutiérrez Enrique campos-González Máximo López-López Optomechatronics Group Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Tuxtla Gutiérrezcarretera Panamericana 1080C.P.29050Tuxtla GutiérrezChiapasMéxico Departamento de Física Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones NuclearesCarretera México-Toluca s/nC.P.52750La Marquesa OcoyoacacMéxico Departamento de Física Centro de Investigación y estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAv.Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508San Pedro ZacatencoGustavo A.Madero07360 Ciudad de MéxicoCDMXMéxico

This work reports the growth and characterization of p-AlInN layers doped with Mg by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy(PAMBE).AlInN was grown with an Al molar fraction of 0.80 by metal-modulated epitaxy(MME)with a thickness of 180 nm on Si(111)substrates using AlN as buffer layers.Low substrate temperatures were used to enhance the incorporation of indium atoms into the alloy without clustering,as confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Cathodoluminescence measurements revealed ultraviolet(UV)range emissions.Meanwhile,Hall effect measurements indicated a maximum hole mobility of 146 cm^(2)/(V∙s),corresponding to a free hole concentration of 1.23×10^(19)cm^(−3).The samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)estimating the alloy composition and extracting the Fermi level by valence band analysis.Mg-doped AlInN layers were studied for use as the electron-blocking layer(EBL)in LED structures.We varied the Al composition in the EBL from 0.84 to 0.96 molar fraction to assess its theoretical effects on electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field,using SILVACO Atlas.The results from this study highlight the importance and capability of producing high-quality Mg-doped p-AlInN layers through PAMBE.Our simulations suggest that an Al content of 0.86 is optimal for achieving desired outcomes in electroluminescence,carrier concentration,and electric field.

关键词： metal-modulated epitaxy AlInN DUV-LED EBL simulation

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Histological Assessment of Bone Regeneration in the Maxilla with Homologous Bone Graft:A Feasible Option for Maxillary Bone Reconstruction

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第1期12卷 131-148页

作者： Sergio Henrique Gonçalves Motta Ana Paula Ramos Soares Juliana campos Hasse Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes Graduate Center of Faculdade Redentor CLIVORio de JaneiroBrazil Periodontics and Oral Medicine Department University of Michigan School of DentistryAnn ArborMI48109USA Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health(CIIS) Universidade Católica PortuguesaViseu3504-505Portugal

Bone biomaterials have been increasingly used to reconstruct maxillary atrophic ridges.Thus,the aim of this study was to evaluate bone reconstruction in the maxilla using a homologous cortico-cancellous FFB(lyophilized)graft and verify its reliability.Eight individuals were included from 2014 to 2018.The first surgery was performed to install homologous bone blocks in the maxilla.The period of the second intervention varied between 5 months and 15 days to 11 months(≈7.93 months).The biopsies were taken from the central region of the matured graft during the surgery for implant placement.All patients presented clinical and radiographic conditions for the installation of dental implants.There was a 100%of survival rate.The histological assessment showed that the homologous block bone graft was an osteoconductive biomaterial,with connective tissue present,and newly formed bone juxtaposed on its surface.There were bone trabeculae with osteocytes and active osteoblasts with connective tissue in the mineralization process;the remodeling process can be found through the reverse lines.A limited focus of necrosis with fibrosis was detected,with small resorption and areas of inflammatory infiltrate,but without clinical significance.The homologous block bone graft can be considered a feasible option to substitute the autogenous bone graft(gold standard),with predictable clinical and favorable histological results.The patients had a shorter surgical period,low morbidity,and an unlimited amount of biomaterial available at an accessible cost.

关键词： Regeneration bone graft histology homologous allogenous autogenous

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A dynamic database of solid-state electrolyte(DDSE)picturing all-solid-state batteries

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Nano Materials Science 2024年第2期6卷 256-262页

作者： Fangling Yang Egon campos dos Santos Xue Jia Ryuhei Sato Kazuaki Kisu Yusuke Hashimoto Shin-ichi Orimo Hao Li Advanced Institute for Materials Research(WPI-AIMR) Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8577Japan Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology Ministry of EducationCollege of PhysicsSichuan UniversityChengdu610065People's Republic of China Institute for Materials Research(IMR) Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8577Japan Tohoku Forum for Creativity Tohoku UniversitySendai980-8577Japan

All-solid-state batteries(ASSBs)are a class of safer and higher-energy-density materials compared to conventional devices,from which solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)are their essential components.To date,investigations to search for high ion-conducting solid-state electrolytes have attracted broad concern.However,obtaining SSEs with high ionic conductivity is challenging due to the complex structural information and the less-explored structure-performance relationship.To provide a solution to these challenges,developing a database containing typical SSEs from available experimental reports would be a new avenue to understand the structureperformance relationships and find out new design guidelines for reasonable SSEs.Herein,a dynamic experimental database containing>600 materials was developed in a wide range of temperatures(132.40–1261.60 K),including mono-and divalent cations(e.g.,Li^(+),Na^(+),K^(+),Ag^(+),Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),and Zn^(2+))and various types of anions(e.g.,halide,hydride,sulfide,and oxide).Data-mining was conducted to explore the relationships among different variates(e.g.,transport ion,composition,activation energy,and conductivity).Overall,we expect that this database can provide essential guidelines for the design and development of high-performance SSEs in ASSB applications.This database is dynamically updated,which can be accessed via our open-source online system.

关键词： Solid-state electrolyte(SSE) All-solid-state battery(ASSB) Ionic conductivity Dynamic database Machine learning

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Clinical perspectives,assessment,and mechanisms of metabolicassociated fatty liver disease in patients with COVID-19

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第33期27卷 5502-5519页

作者： alejandro campos-murguía Berenice M Román-Calleja JoséA González-Regueiro Ivonne Hurtado-Díaz-de-León Alberto Adrián Solís-Ortega Nayelli C Flores-García Ignacio García-Juárez Astrid Ruiz-Margáin Ricardo Ulises Macías-Rodríguez Department of Gastroenterology Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránMexico City 14080Mexico Liver Fibrosis and Nutrition Lab(LFNLab) MICTLÁN-Network(Mechanisms of Liver InjuryCell Death and Translational Nutrition in Liver Diseases-Research Network)Mexico City 14080Mexico

Metabolic diseases are highly prevalent worldwide and have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes,including mortality,in patients developing coronavirus disease(COVID-19).Because of the close relationship between metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity and the presence of metabolicassociated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),a high number of cases of patients affected by both MAFLD and COVID-19 would be expected,especially in highrisk populations.Some studies have shown an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes,viral shedding,and deep vein thrombosis,especially in patients with MAFLD-related liver fibrosis.The predisposition to poor outcomes and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in patients with MAFLD could be secondary to mechanisms common to both,including preexisting systemic chronic inflammation,endothelial dysfunction,and involvement of the renin-angiotensin system.Because of the increased risk of adverse outcomes,MAFLD should be screened in all patients admitted for COVID-19.Available computed tomography scans could be of help,assessment of liver fibrosis is also recommended,favoring noninvasive methods to limit the exposure of healthcare workers.Liver involvement in this population ranges from abnormalities in liver chemistry to hepatic steatosis in postmortem biopsies.Finally,preventive measures should be strongly advocated in patients already known to have MAFLD,including the use of telemedicine and vaccination in addition to general measures.

关键词： Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease COVID-19 Mortality Fibrosis Histology Epidemiology

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