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An analysis of vehicular exhaust derived nanoparticles and historical Belgium fortress building interfaces

Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第6期11卷 2053-2060页

作者： Luis F.O.Silva Diana Pinto alcindo neckel Marcos L.S.Oliveira Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering.Universidad de La Costa CUCCalle 58#55-66BarranquillaAtlanticoColombia Faculdade Meridional IMED 304-Passo FundoRS 99070-220Brazil University of Antwerp Prinsstraat 132000AntwerpBelgium

Air pollution monitoring is one of the most important features in contamination risk *** is because many of the compounds contained within air pollution present a serious risk both for the preservation of open air cultural heritage and for human *** particle formation is a major contributor to urban pollution,but how it occurs in cities is often *** more and more people enjoy an increased quality of life through outdoor activity,managing outdoor air quality is *** study presents the application of a low-cost system for monitoring the current level of road traffic passengers’exposure to particulate air *** global rise in tourism also leads to apprehension about its probable destructive influence on various aspects of global *** of the major risks encountered by tourists,stemming from modes of transport,are nanoparticles(NPs)(<100 nm)and ultra-fine particles(UFPs)(100-1000 nm)consisting of potentially hazardous elements(PHEs).This study examines Steen Castle,a medieval fortress located in Antwerp,*** NPs with PHEs,were found in the air sampled in this *** self-made passive sampler(LSPS)described in this study,consisting of retainers specially designed for advanced microscopic analysis,is used for the first time as a simple way to characterize the surrounding atmospheric contamination caused by NPs and UFPs,without the need of other commonly employed more expensive particulate focused active samplers such as cascade *** study aims to assess the result of the utilization of a low-cost,LSPS,to determine outdoor NPs and UFPs in a Belgian urban(Steen Castle)and rural area(Fort van Schoten).This work is the first to detail the usefulness of LSPS for the evaluation of Belgium’s outdoor air for NPs and UFPs,which contain PHEs.

关键词： Atmospheric contamination Historic construction Carbonaceous particles Source investigation Vehicular traffic effects

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Urban Mobility： Method of Analysis of the Adequacy of Public Policies in Cities Based on the Principles Proposed by the UN

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2018年第5期12卷 335-343页

作者： Maurício Kunz Henrique Aniceto Kujawa alcindo neckel Tania Fuga School of Architecture and Urbanism of Meridional College (IMED) Group of Studies and Research on Urban Mobility (NEPMOUR) Passo Fundo RS 99070-220 Brazil

Addressing urban mobility is a priority for government agencies due to increasing problems of travel and lack of accessibility, generated by increasing rates of population growth and motorization. The general objective of this study is to propose a method of analysis of the adequacy of policies, aimed at sustainable mobility and its impacts on urbanism. Methodologically, the analysis is based on the parameters proposed by the UN （United Nations）, namely, sectorial planning, mobility funding, management efficiency of urban mobility systems; and mobility system and support for green technology. The object of study is the public policies expressed in urban mobility plans, master plans and regional development plans. Through the applicability of this method, the results show the possibility of verifying the adequacy of public policies as a mechanism that induces improvements in urban mobility with greater levels of sustainability and the possibility of universalized access to users.

关键词： Urban sustainability universality of access urbanism.

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The Influence of Public Policies on Urban Mobility： A Comparative Study between Porto Alegre （Brazil） and Washington D.C. （United States）

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2017年第3期11卷 295-304页

作者： Mauricio Kunz alcindo neckel Henrique Aniceto Kujawa Angela Chiamentti Eliane Thaines Bodah School of Architecture and Urbanism of Faculdade Meridional (IMED) Group of Studies and Research on Urban Mobility (NEPMOUR) Passo Fundo/RS. CEP: 99070-220 Brazil Department in Horticulture University of Washington 910 S Meadow St Colfax WA 99111 USA

Increasing urbanization rates observed in the last decades have significantly contributed to a higher number of travelers to urban environments. The objective of this study was to identify measures and factors that encourage the use of alternative transportation in the cities of Washington D.C., USA and Porto Alegre, Brazil. The methodology used to compare these two cities was an evaluation of their urban mobility plans, including strategic analyses and measures to promote the use of public transport. This approach was based on factors described in the following document：＂Urban Sustainability： Impacts of Economic Development and Their Consequences on the Process of Urbanization in Emerging Countries＂, prepared by the United Nations. The results indicate different planning strategies, ranging from focusing on tax integration policies in order to become more financially attractive to the user, to using different modes of mass transportation integrated with active mobility. In Washington D.C., an innovative strategy was developed in preparation to forecast scenarios, as the measures comprised projection for the year 2040, which will respond to mobility demands in the coming decades.

关键词： Mobility analysis urbanism urban infrastructure sustainable strategy.

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Physical Dynamics and the Influences of the Environment Built on Subbasins

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2018年第1期12卷 65-74页

作者： Karla Conceicao Pereira alcindo neckel Caliane Christie Oliveira de Almeida Silva Vladimir Stolzenberg Torres Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism (PPGARQ-IMED). Passo Fundo/RS Zip Code: 99070-220Brazil Secretariat of Agriculture and Supply of the State of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo/SP. APTA/PRDTA-VP Zip Code: 12411-110 Brazil School of Architecture and Urbanism of Faculdade Meridional (IMED) Group of Studies and Research on Urban Mobility(NEPMOUR) Passo Fundo/RS. Zip Code: 99070-220 Brazil

The fields of engineering, architecture and urbanism ought to ponder on constructive changes to be employed in the environment. Environmental vulnerability usually reaches sites with greater abundance of water resources that are exposed to contaminable factors, which usually become residential expansion areas, and often extrapolate city boundaries. The general objective of this study is to assess physical characteristics of the subbasins of the Curtume and Agua Preta streams, located in the Paraiba do Sul watershed in the municipality of Pindamonhangaba, in the state of Sao Paulo （SP）, Brazil. The current situation regarding this environment, based on soil type and morphometric and physiographic attributes, is specifically sought to be identified. The results show the morphological and physiographic relationships with the hydrological data that determine the natural pattern of the site, associated with anthropic actions that characterize potentialities and vulnerabilities of the area, thus determining environmental dynamics. The results demonstrate that urban sprawl and residential constructions in subbasin conservation areas should occur in a planned and strategic manner, without advancing to water conservation areas.

关键词： Watershed urban expansion physical analysis environmental conservation.

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Use of geospatial tools to predict the risk of contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in urban cemeteries

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 331-346页

作者： Paloma Carollo Toscan alcindo neckel Laércio Stolfo Maculan Cleiton Korcelski Marcos L.SOliveira Eliane Thaines Bodah Brian William Bodah Henrique Aniceto Kujawa Affonso Celso Gonalves Faculdade Meridional IMED304Passo FundoRS 99070-220Brazil Department of Civil and Environmental Universidad de la CostaCUCCalle 58#55–66BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia Universidad de Lima Departamento de Ingeniería civil y ArquitecturaAvenida Javier Prado Este 4600Santiago de Surco 1503Peru State University of New York Onondaga Community College4585 West SenecaTurnpikeSyracuseNY 13215USA Thaines and Bodah Center for Education and Development 840 South Meadowlark LaneOthelloWA 99344USA University of Perugia Piazza Università106123 PerugiaItaly State University of Western Paraná–UNIOESTE Center of Agrarian SciencesRua Pernambuco1777CentroMarechal Cândido RondonPR 85960-000Brazil

Urban cemeteries are increasingly surrounded by areas of high residential density as urbanization continues world-wide. With increasing rates of mortality caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2,urban vertical cemeteries are experiencing interments at an unprecedented rate. Corpses interred in the 3rd to 5th layer of vertical urban cemeteries have the potential to contaminate large adjacent *** general objective of this manuscript is to analyze the reflectance of altimetry, normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) and land surface temperature(LST) in the urban cemeteries and neighbouring areas of the City of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is assumed that the population residing in the vicinity of these cemeteries may be exposed to SARS-CoV-2 contamination through the displacement of microparticles carried by the wind as a corpse is placed in the burial niche or during the first several days of subsequent fluid and gas release through the process of decomposition. The reflectance analyses were performed utilizing Landsat 8 satellite images applied to altimetry, NDVI and LST, for hypothetical examination of possible displacement, transport and subsequent deposition of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The results showed that two cemeteries within the city, cemeteries A and B could potentially transport SARS-CoV-2 of nanometric structure to neighboring residential areas through wind *** two cemeteries are located at high relative altitudes in more densely populated regions of the *** NDVI, which has been shown to control the proliferation of contaminants, proved to be insufficient in these areas, contributing to high LST values. Based on the results of this study, the formation and implementation of public policies that monitor urban cemeteries is suggested in areas that utilize vertical urban cemeteries in order to reduce the further spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

关键词： Remote sensing Reflectance temperature Atmospheric contamination Urban environment SARS-CoV-2

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Pedestrians Mobility on Public Sidewalks Evaluated by the IAAPE Method

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2017年第8期11卷 789-799页

作者： Karla Conceicao Pereira alcindo neckel Henrique Aniceto Kujawa Mauricio Kunz Grace Cardoso Lauro André Ribeiro Caliane Christie Oliveira de Almeida Silva Pamela Gnoatto Paola Pol Saraiva Juliana Frighetto Tales Goncalves Visentin School of Architecture and Urbanism of Faculdade Meridional (IMED) Group of Studies and Research on Urban Mobility (NEPMOUR) Passo Fundo/RS. CEP: 99070-220 Brazil School of Psychologyof Faculdade Meridional (IMED) Group of Studies and Research on Urban Mobility (NEPMOUR) Passo Fundo/RS. CEP: 99070-220 Brazil

This research aims to evaluate walkability as a strategy of urban mobility in relation to physical characteristics of accessibility and attractiveness from public sidewalks characteristics in the city of Passo Fundo/RS-Brazil using the IAAPE （indicators of attraction and pedestrian accessibility） method. The concept of walkability corresponds to the simple act of walking in a pleasant way along the footpaths. Therefore, the IAAPE method was used, which considers aspects of connectivity, comfort, conviviality, coexistence, convenience, clarity and commitment in relation to the space evaluated. In this study, 40 adults, elderly, pregnant and wheelchair subjects were interviewed for evaluating the importance criteria on public sidewalks for a given type of user. In general, reduced sidewalk dimensions and obstacle presence are the main displacement hurdles in most of the cases analyzed. Thus, improvements are needed to avoid stress situations that arise from daily routine, to encourage physical activities, accessibility, and the emergence of meeting and leisure points.

关键词： Walkability mobility public sidewalks IAAPE life quality.

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Geo-environmental parametric 3D models of SARS-CoV-2 virus circulation in hospital ventilation systems

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 244-256页

作者： Carla Gabriela Carlot Zorzi alcindo neckel Laércio Stolfo Maculan Grace Tibério Cardoso Leila Dal Moro Alexandre Almeida Del Savio Leopoldo D.Z.Carrasco Marcos L.S.Oliveira Eliane Thaines Bodah Brian William Bodah Faculdade Meridional IMED304-Passo Fundo-RS 99070-220Brazil Universidad de Lima Avenida Javier Prado Este 4600–Santiago de Surco 1503Peru Department of Civil and Environmental.Universidad de la Costa CUCCalle 58#55–66BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia State University of New York Onondaga Community College4585 West Seneca TurnpikeSyracuseNY 13215USA Thaines and Bodah Center for Education and Development 840 South Meadowlark LaneOthelloWA 99344USA

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has the potential to cause natural ventilation systems in hospital environments to be rendered inadequate, not only for workers but also for people who transit through these environments even for a limited duration. Studies in of the fields of geosciences and engineering,when combined with appropriate technologies, allow for the possibility of reducing the impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the environment, including those of hospitals which are critical centers for healthcare. In this work, we build parametric 3D models to assess the possible circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the natural ventilation system of a hospital built to care infected patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Building Information Modeling(BIM) was performed, generating 3D models of hospital environments utilizing Revit software for Autodesk CFD 2021. The evaluation considered dimensional analyses of 0°, 45°, 90° and 180°. The analysis of natural ventilation patterns on both internal and external surfaces and the distribution of windows in relation to the displacement dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus through the air were considered. The results showed that in the external area of the hospital, the wind speed reached velocities up to 2.1 m/s when entering the building through open windows. In contact with the furniture, this value decreased to 0.78 m/s. In some internal isolation wards that house patients with COVID-19, areas that should be equipped with negative room pressure, air velocity was null. Our study provides insights into the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 contamination in internal hospital environments as well as external areas surrounding hospitals, both of which encounter high pedestrian traffic in cities worldwide.

关键词： COVID-19 global epidemic Dimensional analysis Wind velocity Hospital environment Contamination

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Remote Sensing Applied to NDVI and LST in Urban Streets in Southern Brazil

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2021年第4期15卷 186-192页

作者： Laura Pasa Cambrussi Marcela Juliana Cargnin Michele Bianchini MilenaÜbel Nauana da Costa Reginato Pricila Spagnollo Sandrini Birk Belo Vanusa Tebaldi alcindo neckel Laercio Stolfo Maculan Grace Tiberio Cardoso Henrique Aniceto Kujawa Postgraduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism(PPGARQ-IMED) Group of Studies and Research on Urban Mobility(NEPMOUR)Faculdade MeridionalIMEDPasso Fundo/RS 99070-220Brazil Group of Studies and Research on Urban Mobility(NEPMOUR) Faculdade MeridionalIMEDPasso Fundo/RS 99070-220Brazil University of Perugia Piazza Universita1Perugia 06123Italy

Urban evolution becomes a space-transforming agent capable of changing Normalised Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and Land Surface Temperature(LST)emissivity reflectance on the land ***,this study identifies NDVI and LST variations locally,but it can also be applied in other cities on a global *** general,it aims to analyse NDVI and LST on surface areas of avenues and urban streets of Sector 1,located in downtown Passo Fundo,in the southern region of Brazil,from 2013 to ***,treated Landsat 8 satellite images were used to obtain NDVI and LST variations in this ***,data of 80 points in the avenues and streets of Sector 1 were collected over a distance of 100 meters spaced from each *** data were statistically analysed concerning the dispersion of NDVI and LST from 2013 to *** results revealed a strong interaction between NDVI and LST,demonstrating the need to conserve urban vegetation to improve temperature,which positively favours urban ambience indexes.

关键词： Urban evolution temporal analysis urbanisation urban mobility urban ambience

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Architectural Guidelines Aimed at the Resocialization of Brazilian Prisoners

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2019年第10期13卷 653-661页

作者： Gabriele Santin Figueiro Luisa Batista de Oliveira Silva alcindo neckel Henrique Aniceto Kujawa Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism(PPGARQ-IMED) Passo Fundo/RS99070-220Brazil

The worsening of the Brazilian prison crisis is the result of multiple factors,aggravated by the lack of maintenance of penal *** overall objective of the manuscript is to analyze the architectural guidelines aimed at resocialization of the Brazilian prisoners in the prisons of Passo Fundo/RS and Santa Luzia/***,we sought to understand the functionality of the Regional Prison of Passo Fundo/RS(common system)and the prison of Santa Luzia/MG(The Association of Protection and Assistance to the Convicts(APAC)methodology),with architectural guidelines in evaluating the efficiency of *** results showed that architectural conservation and resocialization programs positively influence the decrease in criminal recidivism.

关键词： Criminal architecture penitentiary system resocialization

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Public Initiatives Aiming at the Cycling System in a City in Southern Brazil

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2021年第10期15卷 529-533页

作者： Marcela Juliana Cargnin Thaísa Leal da Silva Emanuela Siqueira alcindo neckel Laércio Stolfo Maculan Lauro AndréRibeiro Postgraduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism(PPGARQ-IMED) Group of Studies and Research on Urban Mobility(NEPMOUR)Faculdade MeridionalIMEDPasso Fundo/RS 99070-220Brazil Group of Studies and Research on Urban Mobility(NEPMOUR) Faculdade MeridionalIMEDPasso Fundo/RS 99070-220Brazil

The discussion about the use of the bicycle as a means of transport has been gaining importance on a global scale,although countries like Brazil still have urban mobility difficulties caused by how urban densification occurs,the growing number of motor vehicles and the lack of space for the construction of cycle paths in *** general objective of this manuscript is to analyze the result of public policies aimed at the implementation of bicycle paths,with the“Passo Fundo Vai de Bici”Program created to investigate the variations in intensity in relation to the areas served by the current incentive for active cycling mobility in the city of Passo Fundo(South of Brazil).Methodologically,Google Earth Pro satellite images were used to map the existing bike paths in the ***,geographic coordinate points and altitudes of specific locations on the bike paths and bike sharing stations were collected,generating a database,transferred to the Qgis 3.10 software for the preparation of heat *** results showed the lack of integration between the cycling systems analyzed by the distance factor,needing to encourage discussions about its expansion and functionality,consolidating it as an urban public policy of local functionality to foster sustainable transport.

关键词： Urban sustainability medium city quality of life cycling mobility public policy.

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