Use of geospatial tools to predict the risk of contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in urban cemeteries

作     者：Paloma Carollo Toscan Alcindo Neckel Laércio Stolfo Maculan Cleiton Korcelski Marcos L.SOliveira Eliane Thaines Bodah Brian William Bodah Henrique Aniceto Kujawa Affonso Celso Gonalves Paloma Carollo Toscan;Alcindo Neckel;Laércio Stolfo Maculan;Cleiton Korcelski;Marcos L.S.Oliveira;Eliane Thaines Bodah;Brian William Bodah;Henrique Aniceto Kujawa;Affonso Celso Gon?alves

作者机构：Faculdade MeridionalIMED304Passo FundoRS 99070-220Brazil Department of Civil and EnvironmentalUniversidad de la CostaCUCCalle 58#55–66BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia Universidad de LimaDepartamento de Ingeniería civil y ArquitecturaAvenida Javier Prado Este 4600Santiago de Surco 1503Peru State University of New YorkOnondaga Community College4585 West SenecaTurnpikeSyracuseNY 13215USA Thaines and Bodah Center for Education and Development840 South Meadowlark LaneOthelloWA 99344USA University of PerugiaPiazza Università106123 PerugiaItaly State University of Western Paraná–UNIOESTECenter of Agrarian SciencesRua Pernambuco1777CentroMarechal Cândido RondonPR 85960-000Brazil 

出 版 物：《Geoscience Frontiers》 (地学前缘（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2022年第13卷第6期

页      面：331-346页

核心收录：

学科分类：1004[医学-公共卫生与预防医学(可授医学、理学学位)] 100401[医学-流行病与卫生统计学] 10[医学] 

基　　金：the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) linked to the Ministry of Science  Technology  Innovations and Communications for the financial incentive in this study (Process: 426453/2018-2) 

主　　题：Remote sensing Reflectance temperature Atmospheric contamination Urban environment SARS-CoV-2 

摘      要：Urban cemeteries are increasingly surrounded by areas of high residential density as urbanization continues world-wide. With increasing rates of mortality caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2,urban vertical cemeteries are experiencing interments at an unprecedented rate. Corpses interred in the 3rd to 5th layer of vertical urban cemeteries have the potential to contaminate large adjacent *** general objective of this manuscript is to analyze the reflectance of altimetry, normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) and land surface temperature(LST) in the urban cemeteries and neighbouring areas of the City of Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is assumed that the population residing in the vicinity of these cemeteries may be exposed to SARS-CoV-2 contamination through the displacement of microparticles carried by the wind as a corpse is placed in the burial niche or during the first several days of subsequent fluid and gas release through the process of decomposition. The reflectance analyses were performed utilizing Landsat 8 satellite images applied to altimetry, NDVI and LST, for hypothetical examination of possible displacement, transport and subsequent deposition of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The results showed that two cemeteries within the city, cemeteries A and B could potentially transport SARS-CoV-2 of nanometric structure to neighboring residential areas through wind *** two cemeteries are located at high relative altitudes in more densely populated regions of the *** NDVI, which has been shown to control the proliferation of contaminants, proved to be insufficient in these areas, contributing to high LST values. Based on the results of this study, the formation and implementation of public policies that monitor urban cemeteries is suggested in areas that utilize vertical urban cemeteries in order to reduce the further spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.