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Differential colorectal carcinogenesis:Molecular basis and clinical relevance

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2010年第3期2卷 151-158页

作者： alberto morán Paloma Ortega Carmen de Juan Tamara Fernández-Marcelo Cristina Frías Andrés Sánchez-Pernaute Antonio José Torres Eduardo Díaz-Rubio Pilar Iniesta Manuel Benito the second Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of PharmacyComplutense University Surgery Service Ⅱ Clínico San Carlos Hospital Oncology Service Clínico San Carlos Hospital

Colorectal cancer(CCR) is one of the most frequent cancers in developed *** poses a major public health problem and there is renewed interest in understanding the basic principles of the molecular biology of colorectal *** has been established that sporadic CCRs can arise from at least two different carcinogenic *** traditional pathway,also called the suppressor or chromosomal instability pathway,follows the Fearon and Vogelstein model and shows mutation in classical oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes,such as K-ras,adenomatous polyposis coli,deleted in colorectal cancer,or *** in the Wnt pathway are also very common in this type of *** second main colorectal carcinogenesis pathway is the mutator *** pathway is present in nearly 15% of all cases of sporadic colorectal *** is characterized by the presence of mutations in the microsatellite sequences caused by a defect in the DnA mismatch repair genes,mostly in hMLH1 or *** two pathways have clear molecular differences,which will be reviewed in this article,but they also present distinct histopathological *** strikingly,their clinical behaviours are completely different,having the "mutator" tumours a better outcome than the "suppressor" tumours.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Microsatellite instability Clinical outcome

Astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis, and glial scar formation in traumatic brain injury

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： María Belén Cieri alberto Javier Ramos Laboratorio de neuropatología Molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Traumatic brain injury is a global health crisis,causing significant death and disability *** that follows traumatic brain injury has serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive impairments,with astrocytes involved in this *** traumatic brain injury,astrocytes rapidly become reactive,and astrogliosis propagates from the injury core to distant brain *** astroglial proteins are downregulated near the traumatic brain injury core,while pro-inflammatory astroglial genes are *** altered gene expression is considered a pathological remodeling of astrocytes that produces serious consequences for neuronal survival and cognitive *** addition,glial scar formed by reactive astrocytes is initially necessary to limit immune cell infiltration,but in the long term impedes axonal reconnection and functional *** therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury are focused on preventing acute ***,cannabinoids,progesterone,beta-blockers,and cerebrolysin demonstrate neuroprotective benefits but most of them have not been studied in the context of *** this review,we discuss the cell signaling pathways activated in reactive astrocytes following traumatic brain injury and we discuss some of the potential new strategies aimed to modulate astroglial responses in traumatic brain injury,especially using cell-targeted strategies with miRnAs or lncRnA,viral vectors,and repurposed drugs.

关键词： astrocyte glial scar innate immunity neuroinflammation stab injury Toll-like receptors

Inflammatory bowel disease: An increased risk factor for neurologic complications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第5期20卷 1228-1237页

作者： Germán morís neurology Department Hospital Universitario Central Asturias

Only a very few systematic studies have investigated the frequency of neurologic disorders in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which are the two main types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Results have been inconsistent and variable, owing to differences in case-finding methods and evaluated outcomes in different studies. The most frequent neurologic manifestations reported in CD and UC populations are cerebrovascular disease (with either arterial or venous events), demyelinating central nervous system disease, and peripheral neuropathy (whether axonal or demyelinating); however, the literature describes numerous nervous system disorders as being associated with IBD. The pathogenesis of nervous system tissue involvement in IBD has yet to be elucidated, although it seems to be related to immune mechanisms or prothrombotic states. The recently-introduced tumor necrosis factor (TnF) inhibitors have proven successful in controlling moderate to severe IBD activity. However, severe neurologic disorders associated with TnF inhibitors have been reported, which therefore raises concerns regarding the effect of anti-TnF-α antibodies on the nervous system. Although neurological involvement associated with IBD is rarely reported, gastroenterologists should be aware of the neurologic manifestations of IBD in order to provide early treatment, which is crucial for preventing major neurologic morbidity.

关键词： Extraintestinal manifestations Inflammatory bowel disease Multiple sclerosis neuropathy Stroke Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor

Slow light bimodal interferometry in onedimensional photonic crystal waveguides

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第2期10卷 154-165页

作者： Luis Torrijos-morán Amadeu Griol Jaime García-Rupérez nanophotonics Technology Center Universitat Politècnica de Valencia46022 ValenciaSpain

Strongly influenced by the advances in the semiconductor industry,the miniaturization and integration of optical circuits into smaller devices has stimulated considerable research efforts in recent *** other structures,integrated interferometers play a prominent role in the development of photonic devices for on-chip applications ranging from optical communication networks to point-of-care analysis ***,it has been a longstanding challenge to design extremely short interferometer schemes,as long interaction lengths are typically required for a complete modulation *** approaches,including novel materials or sophisticated configurations,have been proposed to overcome some of these size limitations but at the expense of increasing fabrication complexity and ***,we demonstrate for the first time slow light bimodal interferometric behaviour in an integrated single-channel one-dimensional photonic *** proposed structure supports two electromagnetic modes of the same polarization that exhibit a large group velocity ***,an over 20-fold reduction in the higher-order-mode group velocity is experimentally shown on a straightforward all-dielectric bimodal structure,leading to a remarkable optical path reduction compared to other conventional ***,we experimentally demonstrate the significant performance improvement provided by the proposed bimodal photonic crystal interferometer in the creation of an ultra-compact optical modulator and a highly sensitive photonic sensor.

关键词： interferometer polarization modulator

Extracellular vesicles in liver disease and beyond

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第40期24卷 4519-4526页

作者： Laura morán Francisco Javier Cubero Department of Immunology Ophthalmology and ORLComplutense University School of MedicineMadrid 28040Spain 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute(imas12) Madrid 28041Spain

Extracellular vesicles(EVs) are membrane-derived vesicles which can be released by different cell types, including hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells and immune cells in normal and pathological conditions. EVs carry lipids, proteins, coding and non-coding RnAs and mitochondrial DnA causing modifications on the recipient cells. These vesicles are considered potential biomarkers and therapeutic agents for human diagnostic and prognostic due to their function as intercellular mediators of cell-cell communication within the liver and between other organs. However, the development and optimization of methods for EVs isolation is required to characterize their biological functions as well as their potential as a treatment option in the clinic. nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered related to the function of EVs under physiological and pathological conditions. In the current editorial, the results obtained in different studies that investigated the role of intrahepatic EVs during liver diseases, including drug-induced liver injury, non-alcoholic fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma and extrahepatic EVs in remote organs during pathological events such as pulmonary disease, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis as well as in immunopathological processes, are discussed. Although much light needs to be shed on the mechanisms of EVs, these membranederived vesicles represent both a novel promising diagnostic, and a therapeutic tool for clinical use that we emphasize in the current editorial.

关键词： Extracellular vesicles microRnA Hepatocytes Drug-induced liver injury Alcoholic liver disease nonalcoholic fatty liver disease non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatocellular carcinoma

nucleoside modified mRnA-lipid nanoparticles as a new delivery platform for the repair of the injured spinal cord

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2311-2312页

作者： Krisztián Pajer Tamás Bellák Antal nógrádi Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

Spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular *** the spinal cord neurons have the capacity to regenerate their axons,the expression of growth inhibitory factors,lack or suppression of proper guidance cues,and profound inflammatory responses do not permit successful regeneration(Khyeam et al.,2021).

关键词： injured capacity modified

Synthesis, characterization,thermal behavior,and antifungal activity of La(Ⅲ) complexes with cinnamates and 4-methoxyphenylacetate

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Journal of Rare Earths 2013年第11期31卷 1106-1113页

作者： alberto Aragón-Muriel Dorian Polo-Cerón Departamento de Química Universidad del Valle Calle 13 No 100-00 CaliColombia 76001000

In this study a series of trivalent lanthanum complexes with 4-（R）-cinnamate （4-Rcinn, R=H（1）, MeO（2）, Cl（3）） and 4-methoxyphenylacetate ligands （4） were prepared and their antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were examined. Compounds 1-4 were synthesized by a metathesis reaction and fully characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 13C nMR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectra, thermogravimetry （TG）, derivative thermogravimetry （DTG）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and X-ray diffraction powder patterns. In emission studies, it was observed that lu-minescence intensity was enhanced in the presence of lanthanide ion. The results of X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that all com-plexes studied exhibited crystalline structure. Thermal behavior by TG, DTG, and DSC studies permitted to estimating the hydration degree of the compounds and showed the formation of decomposition products like lanthanum oxide. Determined by antifungal stud-ies, lanthanum complexes 1-4 demonstrated antifungal activity toward all pathogenic fungal strains tested. Compounds 2 and 4 showed significant growth inhibition for A. niger and C. albicans, respectively.

关键词： antifungal activity La(III) complexes cinnamates 4-methoxyphenylacetate infrared spectra excitation emission TG-DTG-DSC Candida albicans Aspergillus niger Trichophyton mentagrophytes rare earths

Green ionic metal-organic frameworks as nanocatalysts for CO_(2)fixation

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nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 260-269页

作者： nuria Martín Miguel Maireles-Porcar Julián Sánchez Velandia Belén Altava Francisco G.Cirujano Eduardo García-Verdugo Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica Universidad Jaume IAv.Sos Baynats/nCastellóde la PlanaCastellón 12071Spain

Co,ni,and Zn iso-reticular coordination polymers of 2,5-dihydroxyterphthalic acid(H_(2)dot)can be rapidly obtained under room temperature and aqueous conditions using either sodium or ammonium hydroxide as the bases to deprotonate the *** use of metal bromides and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide(TBAOH)as the base allows the green synthesis of ionic metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermo gravimetric analysis(TGA),H-nuclear magnetic resonance(nMR),elemental analysis,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and employed in the pressure,solvent,and additive-free CO_(2)fixation to epoxides by its cycloaddition to epichlorohydrin,exhibiting a cooperative behavior between the MOF and the ionic liquid formed within the framework,achieving TOns of the confined tetrabutylammonium bromide(TBABr)up to 700.

关键词： metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) ionic liquids heterogeneous catalysis CO_(2)conversion

Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from detrimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-núñez María Fernanda González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases(ACCDiS) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abundant type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and undergo morphological and functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification does not fully capture the diversity of astrocyte responses observed across different diseases and *** analysis has revealed that reactive astrocytes have a complex landscape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and other cell types,releasing cytokines,and influencing the immune *** phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evidenced by in silico,in vitro,and in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascade of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central mediator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and the molecular mechanisms underlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,including the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and prevent central nervous system damage,evidence suggests that activating this pathway could also yield beneficial *** dual function of the PI3K/AKT pathway underscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive models to underst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transduction Thy-1(CD90)