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Synthesis of Silsesquioxane Cages fr.m Phenyl-cis-tetr.l, 1,3-Divinyltetr.ethoxydisiloxane and Cyclopentyl r.sins

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Chemical r.sear.h in Chinese Univer.ities 2004年第4期20卷 433-436页

作者： alan r. Bassindale Peter.G. Taylor Depar.ment of Chemistr. Open UniversityDepartment of Chemistry Open University Walton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UKWalton Hall Milton Keynes MK7 6AA UK

The synthesis of T_8, T_ 10 and T_ 12 silsesquioxane cages fr.m a r.nge of star.ing mater.als: phenyl-cis-tetr.l, 1,3-divinyltetr.ethoxydisiloxane and cyclopentyl T r.sins by using tetr. n-butylammonium fluor.de(TBAF) as the catalyst is descr.bed in this paper. The r.action yields obtained viathe cur.ent r.ute ar. better.compar.d to those viathe liter.tur. r.utes. Some of the cage compounds have been character.zed by X-r.y cr.stallogr.phy.

关键词： Synthesis Silsesquioxane cage Phenyl-cis-tetr.l 1,3-Divinyltetr.ethoxydisiloxane Cyclopentyl T r.sin

Differ.ntiation and functional connectivity of fetal tectal tr.nsplants

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2023年第11期18卷 2325-2331页

作者： alan r.har.ey School of Human Sciences The University of Western AustraliaLions Eye Instituteand Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational ScienceNedlandsWAAustralia

Data fr.m studies analyzing the differ.ntiation and functional connectivity of embr.o nic neur.l tissue gr.fted into the mammalian ner.ous system has led to the clinical testing of the fetal gr.ft appr.ach in patients with neur.degener.tive *** some success has been achieved,ethical concer.s have led to a sear.h for.alter.ative ther.peutic str.tegies,mostly explor.ng the use of neur.l pr.cur.or. or.neur.ns der.ved fr.m plur.potent stem cells to r.place damaged host neur.ns and r.stor. lost *** mor. r.cent studies addr.ss questions of gr.ft viability,differ.ntiation,and connectivity similar.to those posed by r.sear.her. in ear.ier.fetal tr.nsplant wor.,thus r.views of the fetal gr.ft liter.tur. may infor. and help guide ongoing r.sear.h in the stem cell/or.anoid *** br.ef r.view descr.bes some key obser.ations fr.m r.sear.h into the tr.nsplantation of neur.l tissue into the r.t visual syste m,focusing on gr.fts of the fetal supe r.or.colliculus(tectal gr.fts) into neonatal or.adult *** neonate hosts,gr.fts quickly develop connections with the under.ying host mid b r.in and attain a mor.hology typical of matur. gr.fts by about 2 weeks.G r.fts consistently contain numer.us localized r.gions which,based on neur.fibr.llar.staining,neur.nal mor.hology(Golgi),neur.chemistr.,r.ceptor.expr.ssion,and glial ar.hitectur.,ar. homologous to the str.tum gr.seum supe r.iciale of nor.al super.or.*** localized "patches" ar. also seen after.explant cultur. and when donor.tectal tissue is dissociated and r.aggr.gated pr.or.to *** almost all cir.umstances,host r.tinal inner.ation is r.str.cted to these localized patches,but only those that ar. located adjacent to the gr.ft sur.a *** ar. for.ed and ther. is evidence of functional *** only exception occur. when Schwann cells ar. added to dissociated tecta pr.or.to *** these co-gr.fts,the per.pher.l glia appear.to compete with local tar.et fa ctor. a

关键词： axon r.gener.tion differ.ntiation embyr.nic gr.fts fetal tissue neur.l pr.cur.or. r.tinotectal stem cells super.or.colliculus synaptogenesis tr.nsplantation

Bistability and oscillations in co-r.pr.ssive synthetic micr.bial consor.ia

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Fr.ntier. of Electr.cal and Electr.nic Engineer.ng in China 2017年第1期5卷 55-66页

作者： Mehdi Sadeghpour.alan Veliz-Cuba Gabor.Or.sz Kr.simir.Josic Matthew r. Bennett Depar.ment of Mechanical Engineer.ng University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Depar.ment of Mathematics University of Dayton Dayton OH 45469 USA Depar.ment of Mathematics University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA Depar.ment of Biology and Biochemistr. University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA Depar.ment of Biosciences Rice University Houston TX 77251-1892 USA Depar.ment of Bioengineer.ng Rice University Houston TX 77251-1892 USA

Backgr.und： Synthetic micr.bial consor.ia ar. conglomer.tions of genetically engineer.d micr.bes pr.gr.mmed to cooper.tively br.ng about population-level phenotypes. By coor.inating their.activity, the constituent str.ins can display emer.ent behavior. that ar. difficult to engineer.into isogenic populations. To do so, str.ins ar. engineer.d to communicate with one another.thr.ugh inter.ellular.signaling pathways that depend on cell density. Methods： Her., we used computational modeling to examine how the behavior.of synthetic micr.bial consor.ia r.sults fr.m the inter.lay between population dynamics gover.ed by cell gr.wth and inter.al tr.nscr.ptional dynamics gover.ed by cell-ceil signaling. Specifically, we examined a synthetic micr.bial consor.ium in which two str.ins each pr.duce signals that down-r.gulate tr.nscr.ption in the other. Within a single str.in this r.gulator. topology is called a ＂co-r.pr.ssive toggle switch＂ and can lead to bistability. r.sults： We found that in co-r.pr.ssive synthetic micr.bial consor.ia the existence and stability of differ.nt states depend on population-level dynamics. As the two str.ins passively compete for.space within the colony, their.r.lative fr.ctions fluctuate and thus alter.the str.ngths of inter.ellular.signals. These fluctuations dr.ve the consor.ium to alter.ative equilibr.a. Additionally, if the gr.wth r.tes of the str.ins depend on their.tr.nscr.ptional states, an additional feedback loop is cr.ated that can gener.te oscillations. Conclusions： Our.findings demonstr.te that the dynamics of micr.bial consor.ia cannot be pr.dicted fr.m their.r.gulator. topologies alone, but ar. also deter.ined by inter.ctions between the str.ins. Ther.for., when designing synthetic micr.bial consor.ia that use inter.ellular.signaling, one must account for.gr.wth var.ations caused by the pr.duction of pr.tein.

关键词： synthetic biology micr.bial consor.ia quor.m sensing r.laxation oscillations

Hydr.lysis of filter.paper.cellulose to glucose by two r.combinant endogenous glycosyl hydr.lases of Coptoter.es for.osanus

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 245-252页

作者： Dunhua Zhang alan r. Lax John M. Bland Jiujiang Yu Natalie Fedor.va William C. Nier.an For.osan Subter.anean Ter.ite r.sear.h Unit Southern Regional Research Center ARS USDA New Orleans Food & Feed Safety r.sear.h Unit Southern Regional Research Center ARS USDA New Orleans Depar.ment of Biochemistr. and Molecular.Biology The George Washington University School of Medicine Washington DC The J. Cr.ig Venter.Institute Rockville MD USA

Genes encoding for.glycosyl hydr.lases （GH） in multiple families wer. r.cover.d fr.m an expr.ssion sequence tag libr.r. of Coptoter.esfor.osanus, a xylophagous lower.ter.ite species. Functional analyses of these genes not only shed light on the mechanisms the insect employs to successfully use cellulosic mater.als as ener.y sour.es, which may ser.e as str.tegic tar.ets for.designing molecular.based bio-pesticides, but also enr.ch discover.es of new cellulolytic enzymes for.conver.ion ofbiomass into biofuel. Our.study demonstr.ted that cellulose could be conver.ed to glucose by two r.combinant endogenous glycosyl hydr.lases （endo-β- 1,4 glucanase in GH9 and β-glucosidase in GH1）. While the for.er.cleaved cellulose to cellobiose and cellotr.ose, the r.sulting simple cellodextr.ns wer. digested to glucose. Both of the Escher.chia coli-expr.ssed r.combinant pr.teins showed pr.per.ies that could be incor.or.ted in a glucose-based ethanol pr.duction pr.gr.m.

关键词： biofuel cellulose digestion endo-β-1,4 glucanase,β-glucosidase ter.ite

r.le of per.xisome pr.lifer.tor.-activated r.ceptor. in the pathogenesis and tr.atment of nonalcoholic fatty liver.disease

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.enter.logy 2008年第1期14卷 22-28页

作者： Er.c r.Kallwitz alan McLachlan Scott J Cotler Depar.ment of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago United States Depar.ment of Micr.biology and Immunology University of Illinois Chicago United States

Nonalcoholic fatty liver.disease （NAFLD） is highly pr.valent and can r.sult in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） and pr.gr.ssive liver.disease including cir.hosis and hepatocellular.car.inoma. A gr.wing body of liter.tur. implicates the per.xisome pr.lifer.tor.- activated r.ceptor. （PPAr.） in the pathogenesis and tr.atment of NAFLD. These nuclear.hor.one r.ceptor. impact on hepatic tr.glycer.de accumulation and insulin r.sistance. The aim of this r.view is to descr.be the data linking PPAr. and PPAr. to NAFLD/NASH and to discuss the use of PPAr.ligands for.the tr.atment of NASH.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver.disease Per.xisome pr.lifer.tor.-activated r.ceptor. Insulin r.siatance Metabolic syndr.me Pharmacologic ligands

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The alchemist

The alchemist

Stem cells and tissue engineer.ng in plastic sur.er.:an update

作者： Paulo Coelho tr.nslated by alan r. Clar..

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Plastic and Aesthetic r.sear.h 2020年第5期7卷 63-72页

作者： Gr.gor. r.D.Evans alan D.Widger.w Depar.ment of Plastic Sur.er. University of CaliforniaIrvineOrangeCA 92868USA

Stem cells and tissue engineer.ng have made gr.at str.des in plastic *** r.view of the liter.tur. evaluates some cur.ent backgr.und infor.ation and r.cent advances in our.labor.tor. to br.ng these ar.as mor. into the ... 详细信息

关键词： Stem cells plastic sur.er. fat

Soleus ar.hr.genic muscle inhibition following acute later.l ankle spr.in cor.elates with symptoms and ankle disability but not with postur.l contr.l

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Jour.al of Spor. and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 559-568,F0003页

作者： Kyung-Min Kim Joo-Sung Kim alan r.Needle Depar.ment of Spor. Science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon-si 16419Republic of Korea Depar.ment of Health and Human Per.or.ance Texas State UniversitySan MarcosTX 78666USA Depar.ment of Public Health&Exer.ise Science Appalachian State UniversityBooneNC 28608USA Depar.ment of r.habilitation Science Appalachian State UniversityBooneNC 28608USA

Backgr.und:Acute later.l ankle spr.ins(ALAS)ar. associated with long-ter. impair.ents and instability tied to alter.d neur.l *** muscle inhibition(AMI)has been obser.ed in this population;however.r.lationships with injur.-r.lated impair.ents ar. unclear.potentially due to the r.sting,pr.ne position in which AMI is typically *** AMI dur.ng bipedal stance may pr.vide a better.under.tanding of this ***:AMI was assessed in 38 young adults(19 ALAS within 72 h of injur.:10 males,21.4±2.7 year.;19 healthy contr.ls:10 males,21.9±2.2 year.;mean±SD)using the Hoffmann r.flex(H-r.flex)dur.ng bipedal *** stimulation was administer.d to identify the _(max)imal H-r.flex(H_(max))and _(max)imal motor.r.sponse(M_(max))fr.m the soleus,fibular.s longus,and tibialis anter.or.*** pr.mar. outcome measur. was the H_(max)/M_(max) *** outcomes included acute symptoms(pain and swelling),postur.l contr.l dur.ng bipedal stance,and self-r.por.ed ***:No significant gr.up-by-limb inter.ctions wer. obser.ed for.any ***,a significant gr.up main effect was obser.ed in the soleus muscle(F(1,35)=6.82,p=0.013),indicating significantly lower.H_(max)/M_(max) r.tios following ALAS(0.38±0.20)compar.d to healthy contr.ls(0.53±0.16).Fur.her.or.,lower.H_(max)/M_(max) r.tios in the soleus significantly cor.elated with acute symptoms and self-r.por.ed function but not with postur.l ***:This study suppor.s pr.vious evidence of AMI in patients with ALAS,pr.viding insight into neur.physiologic impacts of musculoskeletal *** r.sults suggest that assessing AMI in a standing position following acute injur. may pr.vide valuable insight into how AMI develops and guide potential ther.peutic options to cur. and offset the for.ation of joint instability.

关键词： Acute injur.es Balance Hoffmann r.flex Neur.l excitability Patient-r.por.ed outcomes

r.le of ar.hr.pod communities in bioener.y cr.p litter.decomposition

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 671-678页

作者： Ar.hur.r. Zanger. Saber.Mir.smailli Paul Nabity Allen Lawr.nce alan Yanahan Cor.y A. Mitchell Kr.stina J. Ander.on-Teixeir. Mar. B. David May r. Ber.nbaum Evan H. DeLucia Depar.ment of Entomology Ener.y Bioscience Institute Depar.ment of Plant Biology Institute of Genomic Biology Depar.ment of Natur.l r.sour.es and Envir.nmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

The extensive land use conver.ion expected to occur.to meet demands for.bioener.y feedstock pr.duction will likely have widespr.ad impacts on agr.ecosystem biodiver.ity and ecosystem ser.ices, including car.on sequestr.tion. Although ar.hr.pod detr.tivor.s ar. known to contr.bute to litter.decomposition and thus ener.y flow and nutr.ent cycling in many plant communities, their.impor.ance in bioener.y feedstock communities has not yet been assessed. We under.ook an exper.mental study quantifying r.tes of litter.mass loss and nutr.ent cycling in the pr.sence and absence of these or.anisms in thr.e bioener.y feedstock cr.ps—miscanthus （Miscanthus x giganteus）, switchgr.ss （Panicum vir.atum）, and a planted pr.ir.e community. Over.ll ar.hr.pod abundance and litter.decomposition r.tes wer. similar.in all thr.e communities. Despite effective r.duction of ar.hr.pods in exper.mental plots via insecticide application, litter.decomposition r.tes, inor.anic nitr.gen leaching, and car.on–nitr.gen r.tios did not differ.significantly between contr.l （with ar.hr.pods） and tr.atment （without ar.hr.pods） plots in any of the thr.e community types. Our.findings suggest that changes in ar.hr.pod faunal composition associated with widespr.ad adoption of bioener.y feedstock cr.ps may not be associated with pr.foundly alter.d ar.hr.pod-mediated litter.decomposition and nutr.ent r.lease.

关键词： biodiver.ity bioener.y decomposition detr.tivor. land use change pr.ir.e