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minimally invasive spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy: Does splenic vessel preservation have better postoperative outcomes? A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2015年第4期14卷 346-353页

作者： Fady Elabbasy Rahul Gadde mena m Hanna Danny Sleeman alan Livingstone Danny Yakoub Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Miami-Miller School of Medicine

BACKGROUND： minimally invasive spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy （SPDP） can be performed with either splenic vessel preservation （SVP） or resection [Warshaw procedure （WP）]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative clinical outcomes of patients undergoing both methods. DATA SOURCES： Database search of Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar was performed （2000-2014）; key bibliographies were reviewed. Qualified studies compar- ing patients undergoing SPDP with either SVP or WP, and as- sessing postoperative complications were included. Calculated pooled risk ratio （RR） with the corresponding 95% confidence interval （CI） by random effects methods were used in the meta-analyses. RESULTS： The search yielded 215 studies, of which only 14 observational studies met our selection criteria. The studies included 943 patients in total; 652 （69%） underwent SVP and 291 （31%） underwent WP. Overall, there was a lower incidence of splenic infarction （RR=0.17; 95% Ch 0.09-0.33; P〈0.001）, gastric varices （RR=0.16; 95% Ch 0.05-0.51; P=0.002）, and intra/postoperative splenectomy （RR=0.20; 95% Ch 0.08-0.49; P〈0.001） in the SVP group. There was no difference in in- cidence of pancreatic fistula （WP vs SVP, 23.6% vs 22.9%;P=0.37）, length of hospital stay, operative time or blood loss. There was moderate cross-study heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS： SVP is a safe, efficient and feasible technique that may be used to preserve the spleen. WP may be more suit- able for large tumors dose to the splenic hilum or those associ- ated with splenomegaly. Randomized clinical trials are justified to examine the long-term benefits of SVP-SPDP.

关键词： splenic infarction spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy splenic vessel preservation Warshaw procedure gastric varices

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Genetic mapping and survey of powdery mildew resistance in the wild Central Asian ancestor of cultivated grapevines in Central Asia

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 1444-1458页

作者： Summaira Riaz Cristina m.menéndez alan Tenscher Daniel Pap m.Andrew Walker Department of Viticulture and Enology University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino(ICVV) Universidad de La Rioja-CSICGobierno de La RiojaCarretera de Burgos Km6Finca La GrajeraLogroñoLa Rioja 26007Spain

Cultivated grapevines(Vitis vinifera)lack resistance to powdery mildew(Pm)with few *** to this pathogen within *** has been reported in earlier studies and identified as the Ren1 locus in two Central Asian table grape *** Pm-resistant cultivated varieties and accessions of the wild ancestor *** *** were soon identified raising questions regarding the origin of the *** this study,F1 breeding populations were developed with a Pm susceptible *** *** breeding line and a Pm-resistant *** *** was carried out with five Ren1 locus linked SSR markers.A Pm resistance locus explaining up to 96%of the phenotypic variation was identified in the same genomic position,where the Ren1 locus was previously *** SSR marker alleles linked with the resistance locus were *** report results of Pm resistance in multiple accessions of *** collected as seed lots or cuttings from five countries in the Caucasus and Central Asia.A total of 20 females from 11 seed lots and 19 males from nine seed lots collected from Georgia,Armenia,and Azerbaijan were resistant to *** male and one female plant collected as cuttings from Afghanistan and Iran were also resistant to *** analysis of markers linked with the Ren1 locus in conjunction with disease evaluation data found a high diversity of allelic haplotypes,which are only possible via recombination events occurring over a long time *** analysis of two alleles of the SSR marker that cosegregates with the resistance found SNPs that were present in the wild progenitor and in cultivated *** levels of Pm resistance among the tested accessions were also *** lines of evidence suggest that the powdery mildew fungus may have been present in Asia for a longer time than currently thought,giving the wild progenitor *** *** time to coevolve with and develo

关键词： breeding resistance Central

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Lithospheric Electrical Structure across the Eastern Segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault on the Northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第1期89卷 90-104页

作者： ZHANG Letian YE Gaofeng JIN Sheng WEI Wenbo martyn UNSWORTH alan G.jones JING Jianen DONG Hao XIE Chengliang Florian LE PAPE Jan VOZAR School of Geophysics and Information Technology China University of Geosciences Key Laboratory of Geo-detection of ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and mineral Resources Department of Physics University of Alberta Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies

Project INDEPTH （InterNational DEep Profiling of Tibet and the Himalaya） is an interdisciplinary program designed to develop a better understanding of deep structures and mechanics of the Tibetan Plateau. As a component of magnetoteUuric （mT） work in the 4th phase of the project, mT data were collected along a profile that crosses the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault on the northern margin of the plateau. Time series data processing used robust algorithms to give high quality responses. Dimensionality analysis showed that 2D approach is only valid for the northern section of the profile. Consequently, 2D inversions were only conducted for the northern section, and 3D inversions were conducted on mT data from the whole profile. From the 2D inversion model, the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault only appears as a crustal structure, which suggests accommodation of strike slip motion along the Altyn Tagh fault by thrusting within the Qilian block. A large-scale off-proffie conductor within the mid-lower crust of the Qilian block was revealed from the 3D inversion model, which is probably correlated with the North Qaidam thrust belt. Furthermore, the unconnected conductors from the 3D inversion model indicate that deformations in the study area are generally localized.

关键词： magnetotelluries northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau eastern segment of the Altyn Taghfault lithospheric electrical structure

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Gradients in predation risk in a tropical river system

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Current Zoology 2018年第2期64卷 213-221页

作者： Amy E. DEACON Faith A. m. jones Anne E. mAGURRAN Department of Life Sciences The University of the West Indies St Augustine Trinidad and Tobago School of Biology University of St Andrews Fife KY16 9TH Scotland UK

The importance of predation risk as a key driver of evolutionary change is exemplified by the Northern Range in Trinidad, where research on guppies living in multiple parallel streams has pro- vided invaluable insights into the process of evolution by natural selection. Although Trinidadian guppies are now a textbook example of evolution in action, studies have generally categorized predation as a dichotomous variable, representing high or low risk. Yet, ecologists appreciate that community structure and the attendant predation risk vary substantially over space and time. Here, we use data from a longitudinal study of fish assemblages at 16 different sites in the Northern Range to quantify temporal and spatial variation in predation risk. Specifically we ask： 1） Is there evidence for a gradient in predation risk？ 2） Does the ranking of sites （by risk） change with the defi- nition of the predator community （in terms of species composition and abundance currency）, and 3） Are site rankings consistent over time？ We find compelling evidence that sites lie along a contin- uum of risk. However, site rankings along this gradient depend on how predation is quantified in terms of the species considered to be predators and the abundance currency is used. Nonetheless, for a given categorization and currency, rankings are relatively consistent over time. Our study sug- gests that consideration of predation gradients will lead to a more nuanced understanding of the role of predation risk in behavioral and evolutionary ecology. It also emphasizes the need to justify and report the definition of predation risk being used.

关键词： abundance currency gradients Poecilia reticulata predation risk Trinidad Trinidadian guppy.

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一种基于基本语义单元合成Petri网的足球视频查询描述模型

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计算机研究与发展 2006年第1期43卷 159-168页

作者：老松杨黄广连 alan F.Smeaton Gareth J.F.jones Hyowon Lee 国防科学技术大学信息系统与管理学院长沙410073 都柏林城市大学数字视频处理研究中心

足球是最具世界性的体育运动之一,球迷遍布五大洲,因此在体育视频节目中足球备受广大观众青睐·在分析了足球视频特点的基础上,提出了一种基于基本语义单元合成Petri网的足球视频查询描述模型·该模型首先定义了一种类似文本字词集合的... 详细信息

足球是最具世界性的体育运动之一,球迷遍布五大洲,因此在体育视频节目中足球备受广大观众青睐·在分析了足球视频特点的基础上,提出了一种基于基本语义单元合成Petri网的足球视频查询描述模型·该模型首先定义了一种类似文本字词集合的足球视频基本语义单元集合,在此基础上采用基本语义单元合成Petri网模型建立了一种足球查询语义的描述模型,并分别构建了进球、进攻、角球、犯规、换人等足球语义·初步的实验结果验证了该模型的有效性,并能推广至球类视频和其他体育视频·

关键词：基本语义单元合成Petri网足球视频查询模型

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Ultra-small Cu nanoparticles embedded in N-doped carbon arrays for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction in dimethylformamide

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Nano Research 2018年第7期11卷 3678-3690页

作者： Xiaolong Zhang Ying Zhang Fengwang Li Christopher D. Easton alan m. Bond Jie Zhang School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton 3800 VIC Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Monash University Clayton 3800 VIC Australia CSIRO manufacturing BayviewAvenue Clayton 3168 VIC Australia

The development of heterogeneous catalysts with a well-defined micro structure to promote their activity and stability for electrocatalyfic CO2 reduction has been shown to be a promising strategy. In this work, Cu nanoparticles （- 4 nm in diameter） embedded in N-doped carbon （Cu@NC） arrays were fabricated by thermal decomposition of copper tetracyanoquinodimethane （CuTCNQ） under N2. Compared to polycrystalline copper electrodes, the Cu@NC arrays provide a significantly improved number of catalytically active sites. This resulted in a 0.7 V positive shift in onset potential, producing a catalytic current density an order magnitude larger at a potential of -2.7 V vs. Fc/Fc＋（Fc = ferrocene） in dimethylformamide （DmF）. By controlling the water content in the DmF solvent, the CO2 reduction product distribution can be tuned. Under optimal conditions （0.5 vol.% water）, 64% HCOO^-, 20% CO, and 13% H2 were obtained. The Cu@NC arrays exhibited excellent catalytic stability with only a 0.5% decrease in the steady-state catalytic current during 6 h of electrolysis. The three-dimensional （3D） array structure of the Cu@NC was demonstrated to be effective for improving the catalytic activity of copper based catalysts while maintaining long-term catalytic stability.

关键词： copper tetracyanoquinodimethane (CuTCNQ) copper carbon arrays CO2 reduction electrocatalysis

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Filtration efficiency of face masks against aerosolized surrogate SARS-CoV-2 at different social distances

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Science Bulletin 2022年第6期67卷 565-568页

作者： Song Tang Xia Li Pei Ding Yixin mao Fuchang Deng Yu’e Cha Siqi Zhuang Cheng Ding Jiao Wang Youbin Wang Xiaoning Zhao Rachael m.jones Biao Kan C.Raina macIntyre Dongqun Xu Xiaoming Shi China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health National Institute of Environmental HealthChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100021China Center for Global Health School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China Section of Ecological Environment&Energy Resources Beijing Institute of MetrologyBeijing 100012China Department of Family and Preventive medicine School of MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake City 84108USA State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control National Institute of Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China The Kirby Institute Faculty of MedicineThe University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is an unpreedented global *** has become clear that COVID-19 is transmitted by virus-containing droplets(>5μm)and aerosols(m),and that all human exhalatory activities(e.g.,breathing,speaking,singing,shouting,coughing,and sneezing)result in the emission of suspended droplets/aerosols of various *** an example,COVID-19 patients exhale millions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)RNA copies into the air per hour[1].SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols play a profound role in disease transmission,as they can linger and remain viable in the air for a long duration(~16 h)[2]and travel a long distance(~4.8 m)due to their smaller size[3].

关键词：过滤效率气溶胶替代物

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Prograde and retrograde growth of monazite in migmatites:An example from the Nagercoil Block,southern India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第3期6卷 373-387页

作者： Tim E.Johnson Chris Clark Richard J.m.Taylor m.Santosh alan S.Collins Department of Applied Geology The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)Curtin University School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TRaX)Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of Adelaide

Data from a migmatised metapelite raft enclosed within charnockite provide quantitative constraints on the pressure-temperature-time （P-T-t） evolution of the Nagercoil Block at the southernmost tip of peninsular India. An inferred peak metamorphic assemblage of garnet, K-feldspar, sillimanite, plagioclase, magnetite, ilmenite, spinel and melt is consistent with peak metamorphic pressures of 6-8 kbar and temperatures in excess of 900 ℃. Subsequent growth of cordierite and biotite record high-temperature retrograde decompression to around 5 kbar and 800 ℃. SHRImP U-Pb dating of magmatic zircon cores suggests that the sedimentary protoliths were in part derived from felsic igneous rocks with Palae- oproterozoic crystallisation ages. New growth of metamorphic zircon on the rims of detrital grains constrains the onset of melt crystallisation, and the minimum age of the metamorphic peak, to around 560 ma. The data suggest two stages of monazite growth. The first generation of REE-enriched monazite grew during partial melting along the prograde path at around 570 ma via the incongruent breakdown of apatite. Relatively REE-depleted rims, which have a pronounced negative europium anomaly, grew during melt crystallisation along the retrograde path at around 535 ma. Our data show the rocks remained at suprasolidus temperatures for at least 35 million years and probably much longer, supporting a long-lived high-grade metamorphic history. The metamorphic conditions, timing and duration of the implied clockwise P-T-t path are similar to that previously established for other regions in peninsular India during the Ediacaran to Cambrian assembly of that part of the Gondwanan supercontinent.

关键词： monazire migmatite Zircon Geochronology Phase equilibria modelling Gondwana

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In situ measurement of ECm rheology and microheterogeneity in embedded and overlaid 3D pancreatic tumor stroma co-cultures via passive particle tracking

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2017年第6期10卷 26-34页

作者： Dustin P.jones William Hanna Gwendolyn m.Cramer Jonathan P.Celli Department of Physics University of massachusetts Boston Boston MA 02215USA

Tumor growth is regulated by a diverse set of extraellular infuences,including paracrine crosstalk with stromal partners,and biophysical interactions with surrounding cells and *** elucidating the role of physical force and the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix(ECm)itself as regulators of tumor growth and invasion have been greatly catalyzed by the use of in ritro three-dimensional(3D)tumor *** systems provide the ability to systematically isolate,manipulate,and evaluate impact of stromal components and extracellular mechanics in a platform that is both conducive to imaging and biologically ***,recognizing that mechanoregulatory crosstalk is bi-directional and fully utilizing these models requires complementary methods for in situ measurements of the local mechanical ***,in 3D tumor/fbroblast co-culture models of pancreatic canocer,a discase characterized by its prominent stromal involvement,we evaluate the use of particle-tracking microrhoology to probe dynamic mechanical *** videos of fuorescently labeled polystyrene micro-spheres embedded in ollagen I ECm,we measure spatiotemporal changes in the Brownian motion of probes to report local ECm shear modulus and *** approach reveals st ffening of collagen in fibroblast co-cultures relative to cultures with cancer cells only,which exhibit degraded ECm with heterogeneous *** further show that these effects are dependent on culture geometry with contrast ing behavior for embedded and overlay *** addition to potential application to screening stroma targeted therapeutics,this work also provides insight into how the compoition and plating geometry impact the mechanical propertios of 3D cell cultures that are increasingly widey used in cancer biology.

关键词： microrheology 3D tumor models matrix remodeling mechanobiology stromal depletion

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Biogeography of the Shimba Hills ecosystem herpetofauna in Kenya

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Zoological Research 2018年第2期39卷 97-104页

作者： Patrick K. malonza David m. mulwa Joash O. Nyamache Georgina jones Section of Herpetology National Museums of Kenya Nairobi 40658-00100 Kenya Base Titanium Ltd Ukunda 1214-80400 Kenya Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of Sciences Nairobi 40658-00100 Kenya

The Shimba Hills ecosystem along the south coast of Kenya is a key East African biodiversity hotspot. Historically, it is biogeographically assignable to the East African coastal biome. We examined the current Shimba Hills herpetofauna and their zoogeographical affinities to the coastal forests and nearby Eastern Arc mountains biodiversity hotspots. The key studied sites included the Shimba Hills National Reserve, forest reserves, Kaya forests, and adjacent private land. Data on herpetofaunal richness were obtained from recent field surveys, literature, and specimens held at the National museums of Kenya, Herpetology Section Collection, Nairobi. The makadara, mwele, and Longo- mwagandi forests within the Shimba Hills National Reserve hosted the highest number of unique and rare species. Generally, the forest reserves and Kaya forests were important refuges for forest- associated species. On private land, mukurumudzi Dam riparian areas were the best amphibian habitat and were host to three IUCN （Red List） Endangered- EN amphibian species, namely, Boulengerula changamwensis, Hyperolius rubrovermiculatus, and Afrixalus sylvaticus, as well as one snake species Elapsoidea nigra. Using herpetofauna as zoogeographic indicators, the Shimba Hills were determined to be at a crossroads between the coastal forests （13 endemic species） and the Eastern Arc mountains （seven endemic species）. most of the Eastern Arc mountains endemic species were from recent records, and thus more are likely to be found in the future. This ＇hybrid＇ species richness pattern is attributable to the hilly topography of the Shimba Hills and their proximity to the Indian Ocean. This has contributed to the Shimba Hills being the richest herpetofauna area in Kenya, with a total of 89 and 38 reptile and amphibian species, respectively. Because of its unique zoogeography, the Shimba Hills ecosystem is undoubtedly a key biodiversity area for conservation investment.

关键词： Amphibianscoastal forests: Easternspecies ZoogeographyReptiles Eastern AfricaArc mountains: Indicator

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