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Experimental models of endocrine responsive breast cancer: strengths, limitations, and use

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2021年第4期4卷 762-783页

作者： Robert Clarke Brandon C.jones Catherine m.Sevigny Leena A.Hilakivi-Clarke Surojeet Sengupta The Hormel Institute and Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and BiophysicsUniversity of MinnesotaAustinMN 55912USA Department of Oncology Georgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDC 20057USA The Jackson Laboratory 600 Main StreetBar HarborME 04609USA

Breast cancers characterized by expression of estrogen receptor-alpha(ER;ESR1)represent approximately 70%of all new cases and comprise the largest molecular subtype of this *** this high prevalence,the number of adequate experimental models of ER+breast cancer is relatively ***,these models have proved very useful in advancing understanding of how cells respond to and resist endocrine therapies,and how the ER acts as a transcription factor to regulate cell fate *** discuss the primary experimental models of ER+breast cancer including 2D and 3D cultures of established cell lines,cell line-and patient-derived xenografts,and chemically induced rodent models,with a consideration of their respective general strengths and *** can and cannot be learned easily from these models is also discussed,and some observations on how these models may be used more effectively are ***,despite their limitations,the panel of models currently available has enabled major advances in the field,and these models remain central to the ability to study mechanisms of therapy action and resistance and for hypothesis testing that would otherwise be intractable or unethical in human subjects.

关键词： Breast cancer experimental models PDX xenografts study design

The role of airborne particles and environmental considerations in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 1-16页

作者： Longyi Shao Shuoyi Ge Tim.jones m.Santosh Luis F.O.Silva Yaxin Cao marcos L.S.Oliveira mengyuan Zhang Kelly BéruBé State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe mining China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Cardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiffCF103YEUK School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences BeijingBeijing 100083China Department of Earth Science University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Department of Civil and Environmental Universidad de la CostaCalle 58#55-66080002 BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Arquitectura Universidad de LimaAvenida Javier Prado Este 4600-Santiago deSurco 1503Peru School of Biosciences Cardiff UniversityMuseum AvenueCardiff CF103AXWalesUK

Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by the novel coronavirus,results in an acute respiratory condition coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and is highly *** recent spread of this virus has caused a global ***,the transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 are being established,especially the role of environmental *** we review the environmental transmission routes and persistence of *** studies have established that the transmission of this virus may occur,amongst others,in the air,water,soil,cold-chain,biota,and surface *** has also been found that the survival potential of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is dependent on different environmental conditions and *** important pathways include aerosol and fecal *** matter may also be a carrier for *** microscopic particles can be easily absorbed by humans,more attention must be focused on the dissemination of these *** considerations are required to evolve a theoretical platform for epidemic control and to minimize the global threat from future epidemics.

关键词： Aerosol Airborne particles COVID-19 Environmental media SARS-CoV-2

Ectomycorrhizal and Saprotrophic Fungal Communities Vary Across mm-Scale Soil microsites Differing in Phosphatase Activity

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Pedosphere 2019年第3期29卷 344-359页

作者： Aaron GODIN Denise BROOKS Sue J. GRAYSTON melanie D. jones Biology Department University of British Columbia Okanagan campus Kelowna V1V 1V7 (Canada) Department of Forest & Conservation Sciences Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z4 (Canada)

To understand nutrient cycling in soils, soil processes and microorganisms need be better characterized. To determine whether specific trophic groups of fungi are associated with soil enzyme activity, we used soil imprinting to guide mm-scale sampling from microsites with high and low phosphatase activities in birch/Douglas-fir stands. Study 1 involved sampling one root window per site at 12 sites of different ages(stands);study 2 was conducted at one of the stem-exclusion stands, at which 5 root windows had been installed. Total fungal and ectomycorrhizal(Em) fungal terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism(TRFLP)fingerprints differed between high-and low-phosphatase activity microsites at 8 of 12 root windows across 12 sites. Where differences were detected, fewer Em fungi were detected in high-than low-phosphatase activity microsites. Using 5 root windows at one site,next-generation sequencing detected similar fungal communities across microsites, but the ratio of saprotrophic to Em fungal reads was higher in high-phosphatase activity microsites in the two windows that had low Em fungal richness. In windows with differences in fungal communities, both studies indicated that Em fungi were less successful than saprotrophic fungi in colonizing fine-scale,organic matter-rich microsites. Fine-scale sampling linked with in situ detection of enzyme activity revealed relationships between soil fungal communities and phosphatase activity that could not be observed at the scales employed by conventional approaches, thereby contributing to the understanding of fine-scale phosphorus cycling in forest soils.

关键词： ectomycorrhizae fine scale fungal communities phosphatase root windows saprotrophic fungi soil imprinting

modeling gut neuro-epithelial connections in a novel microfluidic device

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microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第6期9卷 235-246页

作者： Jose m.de Hoyos-Vega Xi Yu alan m.Gonzalez-Suarez Sisi Chen Arnaldo mercado-Perez Eugene Krueger Jeric Hernandez Yaroslav Fedyshyn Brooke R.Druliner David R.Linden Arthur Beyder Alexander Revzin Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Enteric Neuroscience Program(ENSP) Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA

The intestinal lumen is filled with diverse chemical and physical *** epithelial cells sense these stimuli and signal to enteric neurons which coordinate a range of physiologic processes required for normal digestive tract ***,the neuro-epithelial connections remain poorly resolved,in part because the tools for orchestrating interactions between these cellular compartments are *** describe the development of a two-compartment microfluidic device for co-culturing enteric neurons with intestinal epithelial *** device contains epithelial and neuronal compartments connected by *** epithelial compartment was designed for cell seeding via injection and confinement of intestinal epithelial cells derived from human intestinal *** demonstrated that organoids planarized effectively and retained epithelial phenotype for over a *** the second chamber we dissociated and cultured intestinal myenteric neurons including intrinsic primary afferent neurons(IPANs)from transgenic mice that expressed the fluorescent protein *** extended projections into microgrooves,surrounded and frequently made contacts with epithelial *** density and directionality of neuronal projections were enhanced by the presence of epithelial cells in the adjacent *** microfluidic device represents a platform that may,in the future,be used to dissect structure and function of neuro-epithelial connections in the gut and other organs(skin,lung,bladder,and others)in health and disease.

关键词： fluid bladder organs

Taxonomic Studies on a New marine Ciliate, Apocoleps magnus gen. nov., spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Colepidae), Isolated from Qingdao, China

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2009年第4期8卷 317-321页

作者： CHEN Xiangrui alan Warren SONG Weibo Laboratory of Protozoology KLM Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 P. R. China Department of Zoology Natural History Museum London SW7 5BD UK

The morphology and infraciliature of a new marine colepid ciliate, A＇pocoleps magnus gen. nov., spec. nov., are de- scribed based on living observations and silver impregnations. The new genus Apocoleps is characterized by having 8 （vs. 6 in most other related genera） armour tiers, spines at both ends of the cell, 3 adoral organelles and plates with 4 reniform uni-windows. Apo- coleps magnus spec. nov. is defined by the following features： body elongated and slightly curved, about *** 3545 lam in vivo; anterior tertiary tier plate with four uni-windows, most secondary and main tier plates with four uni-windows, posterior tertiary tier plate with two uni-windows; left plate margin slightly serrated; on average 23 transverse and 22 longitudinal ciliary rows; one terminal contractile vacuole; marine habitat.

关键词： marine ciliates new genus new species taxonomy

Theory and Applications of Ignition with Variable Activation Energy

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Journal of Thermal Science 1992年第3期1卷 208-212页

作者： G. C. Wake m. Sleeman X. D. Chen J. C. jones Department of mathematics Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand New Zealand Dairy Research Institute Milk Powders & Drying Section Palmerston North New Zealand School of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Chemistry University of New South Wales P.O. Box 1 Kensington NSW 2033 Australia

The determination of critical conditions for thermal ignition of combustible materials has been traditionally studied by the use of one overall reaction with bounded parameter values for the activation energy and other chemical constants, Significant errors can occur in the values of the threshold parameters for ignition when there are two (or more) simultaneous reactions present with distinct values of the chemical constants. Recent work with simultaneous parallel reactions showed the thresholds for ignition could be lowered in this case. In this paper, motivated by experimental results for forest litter and coal, it is shown that for sequential reactions (different values of parameters in different temperature ranges) that the threshold conditions are changed (safer for lower ambient temperatures and less safe for higher ambient temperatures). The mathematical analysis is summarised and a detailed analysis is given for the forest litter and crushed coal applications. The experimental results show that variable activation energy does occur and that this extension of the classical Frank-Kamenetskii theory is needed. Here the analysis is confined to the slab geometry only but the ideas developed can easily be extended to more general systems, including those involving mass transport, consumption, and phase changes.

关键词： thermal ignition variable activation energy.

Early microrecanalization of vas deferens following biodegradable graft implantation in bilaterally vasectomized rats

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第3期11卷 373-378页

作者： Christopher m. Simons Barry R. De Young Thomas S. Griffith Timothy L. Ratliff Erin jones Surya K. mallapragada moshe Wald Department of Urology University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242-1089 USA Department of Pathology University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242-1089 USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA USA

We evaluated a biodegradable graft for reconstruction of rat vasa deferentia with long obstructed or missing segments. A total of 47 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral vasectomy and were divided into groups according to length of the vas deferens affected （0.5, 1, 1.5 cm）. After 8 weeks, poly-（D,L-lactide）（PDLA） grafts were used to reconnect the vas deferens, Grafts and adjoining vasa deferentia were excised 8 and 12 weeks later and evaluated microscopically. At 8 weeks, microscopic changes included a robust inflammatory response around the grafts. All grafts were still intact but in the early stages of degradation. No microtubules, indicative of vas deferens recanalization, were identified. One specimen showed evidence of healing and neovascularization at the interface zone between the vas deferens and the graft. At 12 weeks, grafts were further degraded but still present. microscopic evaluation showed decreased inflammation. Seven specimens showed neovascularization at the interface zone; two of these showed distinct epithelialized vas deferens microcanals at the graft edges. One specimen showed a microcanal spanning the entire 0.5-cm graft. A time period of 8 weeks is not ample enough for vas deferens regeneration in the setting of a biodegradable PDLA graft; however, early evidence of re-growth was seen at 12 weeks. A longer healing time should permit further biodegradation of the graft, as well as re-growth and possible eventual reconnection of the vas deferens, allowing passage of sperm. These findings suggest a potential role for biodegradable grafts in the reconstruction ofvas deferens with long obstructed segments.

关键词： graft infertility male vas deferens

Fine-scale hydrologic modeling for regional landscape applications:the California Basin Characterization model development and performance

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 254-274页

作者： Lorraine E Flint alan L Flint James H Thorne Ryan Boynton Water Resources Discipline U.S.Geological SurveyPlacer Hall6000 J StreetSacramentoCA 95819-6129USA Information Center for the Environment University of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA

Introduction:Resource managers need spatially explicit models of hydrologic response to changes in key climatic drivers across variable landscape *** demonstrate the utility of a Basin Characterization model for California(CA-BCm)to integrate high-resolution data on physical watershed characteristics with historical or projected climate data to predict watershed-specific hydrologic ***:The CA-BCm applies a monthly regional water-balance model to simulate hydrologic responses to climate at the spatial resolution of a 270-m *** model has been calibrated using a total of 159 relatively unimpaired watersheds for the California ***:As a result of calibration,predicted basin discharge closely matches measured data for validation *** CA-BCm recharge and runoff estimates,combined with estimates of snowpack and timing of snowmelt,provide a basis for assessing variations in water *** important output variable,climatic water deficit,integrates the combined effects of temperature and rainfall on site-specific soil moisture,a factor that plants may respond to more directly than air temperature and precipitation *** outputs are calculated for each grid cell,allowing results to be summarized for a variety of planning units including hillslopes,watersheds,ecoregions,or political ***:The ability to confidently calculate hydrologic outputs at fine spatial scales provides a new suite of hydrologic predictor variables that can be used for a variety of purposes,such as projections of changes in water availability,environmental demand,or distribution of plants and *** we present the framework of the CA-BCm model for the California hydrologic region,a test of model performance on 159 watersheds,summary results for the region for the 1981–2010 time period,and changes since the 1951–1980 time period.

关键词： Water balance Basin models Watershed hydrology Climate change Downscaling Basin characterization model

Transcranial direct current stimulation for auditory verbal hallucinations:a systematic review of clinical trials

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 666-671页

作者： Samaneh Rashidi myles jones Eric murillo-Rodriguez Sergio machado Youguo Hao Ali Yadollahpour Department of medical Physics School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran Department of Psychology University of SheffieldSheffieldUK Laboratorio de Neurociencias moleculares e Integrativas Escuela de Medicina División Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Anáhuac MayabMéridaYucatánMéxico Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate ProgramSalgado de Oliveira UniversityNiteróiBrazil Department of Rehabilitation Shanghai Putuo People’s HospitalShanghaiChina

Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)has been reportedly beneficial for different neurodegenerative *** has been reported as a potential adjunctive or alternative treatment for auditory verbal hallucination(AVH).This study aims to review the effects of tDCS on AVH in patients with schizophrenia through combining the evidence from randomized clinical trials(RCTs).The databases of PsycINFO(2000–2019),Pubmed(2000–2019),EmBASE(2000–2019),CINAHL(2000–2019),Web of Science(2000–2019),and Scopus(2000–2019)were systematically *** clinical trials with RCT design were selected for final analysis.A total of nine RCTs were eligible and included in the *** RCTs were included in the final *** them,six RCTs reported a significant reduction of AVH after repeated sessions of tDCS,whereas three RCTs did not show any advantage of active tDCS over sham *** current studies showed an overall decrease of approximately 28%of AVH after active tDCS and 10%after sham *** tDCS protocols targeting the sensorimotor frontal-parietal network showed greater treatment effects compared with the protocols targeting other *** this regard,cathodal tDCS over the left temporoparietal area showed inhibitory effects on *** most effective tDCS protocol on AVHs was twice-daily sessions(2 mA,20-minute duration)over 5 consecutive days(10 sessions)with the anode over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the cathode over the left temporal *** patient-specific and diseasespecific factors such as young age,nonsmoking status,and higher frequencies of AVHs seemed to be the predictors of treatment *** together,the results of tDCS as an alternative treatment option for AVH show controversy among current literatures,since not all studies were ***,the studies targeting the same site of the brain showed that the tDCS could be a promising treatment option to reduce *** RCTs,with larger sample sizes,should be con

关键词： auditory verbal hallucinations dorsolateral prefrontal cortex effective protocol randomized clinical trial,schizophrenia temporoparietal area transcranial direct current stimulation treatment efficacy