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Earth’s tectonic and plate boundary evolution over 1.8 billion years

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第6期15卷 429-453页

作者： Xianzhi Cao alan S.Collins Sergei Pisarevsky Nicolas Flament Sanzhong Li Derrick Hasterok R.Dietmar müller Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean multispheres and Earth System Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting TechniquesMOE and College of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Tectonics and Earth Systems&mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre School of PhysicsChemistry and Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Earth Dynamics Research Group School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityWA 6845Australia Environmental Futures School of EarthAtmospheric and Life SciencesUniversity of WollongongNorthfields AvenueNSW 2522Australia EarthByte Group School of GeosciencesThe University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia

Understanding the intricate relationships between the solid Earth and its surface systems in deep time necessitates comprehensive full-plate tectonic reconstructions that include evolving plate boundaries and oceanic *** particular,a tectonic reconstruction that spans multiple supercontinent cycles is important to understand the long-term evolution of Earth’s interior,surface environments and mineral ***,we present a new full-plate tectonic reconstruction from 1.8 Ga to present that combines and refines three published models:one full-plate tectonic model spanning 1 Ga to present and two continental-drift models focused on the late Paleoproterozoic to mesoproterozoic *** model is constrained by geological and geophysical data,and presented as a relative plate motion model in a paleomagnetic reference *** model encompasses three supercontinents,Nuna(Columbia),Rodinia,and Gondwana/Pangea,and more than two complete supercontinent cycles,covering40%of the Earth’s *** refinements to the base models are focused on times before 1.0 Ga,with minor changes for the *** times between 1.8 Ga and 1.0 Ga,the root mean square speeds for all plates generally range between 4 cm/yr and 7 cm/yr(despite short-term fast motion around 1.1 Ga),which are kinematically consistent with post-Pangean plate tectonic *** time span of the existence of Nuna is updated to between 1.6 Ga(1.65 Ga in the base model)and 1.46 Ga based on geological and paleomagnetic *** follow the base models to leave Amazonia/West Africa separate from Nuna(as well as Western Australia,which only collides with the remnants of Nuna after initial break-up),and South China/India separate from *** to the concept of a“boring billion”,our model reveals a dynamic geological history between 1.8 Ga and 0.8 Ga,characterized by supercontinent assembly and breakup,and continuous accretion *** model is publicly accessible,providing a framework for

关键词： Plate reconstruction Nuna Supercontinent Proterozoic Paleogeography

Fast extended depth of focus meta-optics for varifocal functionality

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Photonics Research 2022年第3期10卷 828-833页

作者： James E.m.Whitehead alan Zhan Shane Colburn Luocheng Huang Arka majumdar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonD.C.98195USA Tunoptix SeattleWashingtonD.C.98195USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonD.C.98195USA

Extended depth of focus(EDOF)optics can enable lower complexity optical imaging systems when compared to active focusing *** existing EDOF optics,however,it is difficult to achieve high resolution and high collection efficiency *** subwavelength spacing of scatterers in a meta-optic enables the engineering of very steep phase gradients;thus,meta-optics can achieve both a large physical aperture and a high numerical ***,we demonstrate a fast(f/1.75)EDOF meta-optic operating at visible wavelengths,with an aperture of 2 mm and focal range from 3.5 mm to 14.5 mm(286 diopters to 69 diopters),which is a 250×elongation of the depth of focus relative to a standard ***-independent performance is shown by imaging at a range of finite conjugates,with a minimum spatial resolution of∼9.84μm(50.8 cycles/mm).We also demonstrate operation of a directly integrated EDOF meta-optic camera module to evaluate imaging at multiple object distances,a functionality which would otherwise require a varifocal lens.

关键词： optics enable otherwise

Facially amphiphilic polyionene biocidal polymers derived from lithocholic acid

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Bioactive materials 2018年第2期3卷 186-193页

作者： mitra S.Ganewatta md Anisur Rahman Louis mercado Tinom Shokfai alan W.Decho Theresa m.Reineke Chuanbing Tang Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Department of Environmental Health Sciences Arnold School of Public HealthUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Department of Chemistry University of Minnesota-Twin Cities207 Pleasant Street SEMinneapolisMN 55455USA

Bacterial infections have become a global issue that requires urgent attention,particularly regarding to emergence of multidrug resistant *** developed quaternary amine-containing antimicrobial poly(bile acid)s that contain a hydrophobic core of lithocholic acid in the ***,by choosing appropriate monomers,these cationic polymers can form core-shell *** polymers exhibited biocidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial *** is demonstrated that the micelles can deliver hydrophobic antibiotics that functionally have dual antimicrobial *** assays against HeLa cells showed dosage-dependent toxicity for polymers with longer linkers.

关键词： Antimicrobial polymers Bile acid Quaternary ammonium Lithocholic acid Polyionene Facial amphiphilicity

A novel microcosm to identify inherently competitive microorganisms with the ability to mineralize phytate in solum

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Soil Ecology Letters 2021年第4期3卷 367-382页

作者： Sabrina m.Pittroff Stefan Olsson Ashlea Doolette Ralf Greiner alan E.Richardson mette Haubjerg Nicolaisen microbial Ecology and Biotechnology Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 401871 Frederiksberg CDenmark State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China CSIRO Agriculture and Food PO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia Department of Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering Max Rubner InstitutKarlsruheGerman School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideWaite Campus UrrbraeSA5064 Australia Plant Immunity Center Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China

Fertilizer phosphorus(P)is a finite resource,necessitating the development of innovative solutions for P fertilizer efficiency in agricultural ***-inositol hexakisphosphate(phytate)constitutes the majority of identified organic P in many soil types and is poorly available to *** phytase-producing biofertilizers into soil presents a viable and environmentally acceptable way of utilizing P from phytate,while reducing the need for mineral P application.A deeper understanding of the microbial ecology in relation to degradation of phytate under natural soil conditions is however needed to obtain successful biofertilizer candidates able to compete in complex soil *** we present the development of a microcosm for studying microbial communities able to colonize and utilize Ca-phytate hotspots in *** results provide evidence that the recruited microbial population mineralizes ***,quantification of bacterial genes associated with organic P cycling in alkaline soils indicated that the phosphatases PhoX and PhoD may play a larger role in phytate mineralization in soil than previously *** sequencing and BioLog®catabolism studies show that hotspots containing Ca-phytate,recruited a different set of microorganisms when compared to those containing an addition of C source alone,with the genus Streptomyces specifically *** propose that Streptomyces represents an hitherto unexplored resource as P biofertilizer with competitive advantage for utilizing CaPhy in an inherently competitive soil *** further conclude that the use of our newly designed microcosm presents an innovative approach for isolating soil microorganisms with the potential to degrade precipitated phytate in solum.

关键词： myo-inositol hexakisphosphate(phytate) Soil microcosm Soil microbial ecology Biofertilizers Alkaline phosphatase β-propeller phytase(BPP)

morphological Studies on Four Brackish Water Ciliates of the Class Spirotrichea(Protista, Ciliophora)

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2019年第3期18卷 663-674页

作者： SONG Yuan LIU Yongqiang PAN Bo LUO Xiaotian SONG Wen WARREN alan College of marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China Institute of Evolution and marine Biodiversity Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China Department of Life Sciences Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK

We reinvestigate the morphology of two oligotrich and two hypotrich ciliates collected from the coasts of north and south China, viz., Parallelostrombidium obesum Liu et al., 2015, Spirostrombidium apourceolare Liu et al., 2013, Protogastrostyla pulchra(Pereyaslawzewa, 1886) Gong et al., 2007, and Uncinata bradburyae(Gong et al., 2001) Luo et al., 2015. All the populations match well with the original samples identified in previous studies. Supplemental taxonomic data were supplied for these four species of the new populations. The species Parallelostrombidium obesum is characterised by its dorsal-ventrally flattened body shape with anterior and posterior ends transversely truncating, as well as two thigmotactic membranelles and girdle kinety that spirals around the cell one and a half times. Spirostrombidium apourceolare is characterised by its elongate ellipsoidal and dorsal-ventrally flattened body shape, two thigmotactic membranelles, about 11-27 ovoid macronuclear nodules, and girdle kinety that spirals around the cell twice with two undulations. Protogastrostyla pulchra is characterised by its elongate body shape and unique, caudally located food vacuole. Based on the new populations, we described the smaller cortical granules, clustered around dorsal bristles for the first time. The new population of Uncinata bradburyae shares the diagnostic features with the type population, which include prominent beak-like projection in anterior region, the conspicuous gap of adoral zone, proximalmost adoral membranelles distinctly elongated, and infraciliature.

关键词： hypotrichs ciliates oligotrichs Parallelostrombidium Protogastrostyla Spirostrombidium taxonomy Uncinata

Successful eradication of the European rabbit(Oryctolagus cuniculus)and house mouse(mus musculus)from the island of Selvagem Grande(macaronesian archipelago),in the Eastern Atlantic

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第1期5卷 70-83页

作者： Paulo OLIVERA Dilia mENEZES Roger TROUT alan BUCKLE Pedro GERALDES JoséJESUS Parque Natural da madeira Quinta do Bom SucessoCaminho do MeioMadeira Forest Research Alice Holt LodgeFarnhamSurrey School of Biological Sciences The University of ReadingReadingUK University of madeira Department of BiologyCampus of PenteadaPortugal

The Portuguese island of Selvagem Grande(Great Salvage)in macaronesia is an important seabird breeding station in the eastern *** populations of Cory’s shearwater Calonectris diomedea(Scopoli,1769),Bulwer’s petrel Bulweria bulweria(Jardine&Selby,1828)and little shearwater Puffinus assimilis baroli(Bonaparte,1857)are present,and white-faced storm-petrel Pelagodroma marina(Latham,1790)and madeiran storm-petrel Oceanodroma castro(Harcourt,1851)populations are of global *** Grande also provides diverse habitats for an extensive flora,including 11 endemic *** 270-ha island was also inhabited by two alien invasive mammals:the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus(Linnaeus,1758)and the house mouse mus musculus(Linnaeus,1758).Both are known to have had adverse impacts on breeding seabirds and island *** 2002,the Natural Park of madeira conducted a program using brodifacoum bait formulations aimed at rabbit and mouse *** 17000 individual baiting points were established on a 12.5×12.5 m *** were also applied by hand“seeding”on steep slopes and cliffs where bait stations could not be *** were removed after a ***,mice persisted for considerably longer and strategic bait applications against them continued for a further six *** assessments by trapping,bait takes and systematic observa-tion of signs over three years,has confirmed the removal of both alien invasive *** paper presents information on these operations,on measures adopted to mitigate adverse impacts of the eradication program on important vertebrate non-target species,including Berthelot’s pipit Anthus berthelotii Bolle,1862 and a species of gecko Tarentola bischoffi Joger,1984 and on the initial response of the island’s ecosystem to the eradication of rabbits and mice.

关键词： alien invasive island restoration mus musculus non-target mitigation Oryctolagus cuniculus

Increased catabolism and decreased unsaturation of ganglioside in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第35期21卷 10080-10090页

作者： John J miklavcic Glen K Shoemaker Vera C mazurak m Tom Clandinin Tasha DL Hart Kareena L Schnabl Gordon m Lees Bodil mK Larsen Oliver F Bathe alan BR Thomson m Tom Clandinin Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2R1 Canada Department of Laboratory medicine and Pathology University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2B7 Canada Division of General Surgery University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2B7 Canada Alberta Health Services Edmonton AB T6G 2B7 Canada Alberta Health Services Calgary AB T2N 4N2 Canada Division of Gastroenterology Western University London ON N6A 5A5 Canada Department of medicine University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2B7 Canada

AIm: To investigate whether accelerated catabolism of ganglioside and decreased ganglioside content contribute to the etiology of pro-inflammatory intestinal disease. mETHODS: Intestinal mucosa from terminal ileum or colon was obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis or inflammatory Crohn's disease(n = 11) undergoing bowel resection and compared to control samples of normal intestine from patients with benign colon polyps(n = 6) and colorectal cancer(n = 12) in this observational case-control study. Gangliosides and phospholipids of intestinal mucosa were characterized by class and ceramide or fatty acid composition using liquid chromatography triple-quad mass spectrometry. Content and composition of ganglioside classes Gm1, Gm3, GD3, GD1 a, GT1 and GT3 were compared among subject groups. Content and composition of phospholipid classes phosphatidylcholine(PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine were compared among subject groups. Unsaturation index of individual ganglioside and phospholipid classes was computed and compared among subject groups. Ganglioside catabolism enzymes beta-hexosaminidase A(HEXA) and sialidase-3(NEU3) were measured in intestinal mucosa using western blot and compared among subject groups. RESULTS: Relative Gm3 ganglioside content was 2-fold higher(P m patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) compared to control intestine. The quantity of Gm3 and ratio of Gm3/GD3 was also higher in IBD intestine than control tissue(P more than two unsaturated bonds was 30% lower in IBD intestine than control intestine(P < 0.05). The relative content of HEXA in IBD intestine was increased 1.7-fold(P < 0.05) and NEU3 was increased 8.3-fold

关键词： Ganglioside Phospholipid Fatty acid Lipid Inflamma

Targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in gastric carcinoma: A reality for personalized medicine?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第43期21卷 12261-12273页

作者： Shikha Satendra Singh Wei Ney Yap Frank Arfuso Shreya Kar Chao Wang Wanpei Cai Arunasalam m Dharmarajan Gautam Sethi alan Prem Kumar Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of Singapore Department of Pharmacology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore Davos Life Science Pte Ltd School of Biomedical Sciences Curtin Health Innovation Research InstituteCurtin University National University Cancer Institute Department of Biological Sciences University of North Texas

Frequent activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases(PI3K)/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway in gastric cancer(GC) is gaining immense popularity with identification of mutations and/or amplifications of PIK3 CA gene or loss of function of PTEN,a tumor suppressor protein,to name a few; both playing a crucial role in regulating this pathway. These aberrations result in dysregulation of this pathway eventually leading to gastric oncogenesis,hence,there is a need for targeted therapy for more effective anticancer treatment. Several inhibitors are currently in either preclinical or clinical stages for treatment of solid tumors like GC. With so many inhibitors under development,further studies on predictive biomarkers are needed to measure the specificity of any therapeutic intervention. Herein,we review the common dysregulation of PI3K/Akt/m TOR pathway in GC and the various types of single or dual pathway inhibitors under development that might have a superior role in GC treatment. We also summarize the recent developments in identification of predictive biomarkers and propose use of predictive biomarkers to facilitate more personalized cancer therapy with effective PI3K/Akt/m TOR pathway inhibition.

关键词： Epidemiology Gastric cancer PI3K/Akt/ m TOR pathwa

Predicting and controlling interfacial microstructure of magnesium/aluminum bimetallic structures for improved interfacial bonding

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2020年第3期8卷 578-586页

作者： Ziang Zhu Renhai Shi Andrew D.Klarner alan A.Luo Yiqing Chen materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA materials Science and Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefeiAnhuiChina Integrated Systems Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA now at m Cubed Technologies NewarkDEUSA

In this study,an overcasting process followed by a low-temperature(200°C)annealing schedule has been developed to bond magnesium to aluminum *** software was used to optimize the process parameters during the overcasting process which lead to mg/Al bimetallic structures to be successfully produced without formation of mg-Al intermetallic *** microstructure evolution during annealing,including the formation and growth of Al-mg interdiffusion layer and intermetallic phases(Al12mg17 and Al3mg2),was experimentally observed for the first time with direct evidence,and predicted using Calculation of Phase Diagrams(CALPHAD)*** interfacial strength was achieved when the interdiffusion layer formed at the mg/Al interface reached a maximum thickness the without formation of brittle intermetallic *** precise diffusion modeling of the mg/Al interface provides an efficient way to optimize and control the interfacial microstructure of mg/Al bimetallic structures for improved interfacial bonding.

关键词： Bimetallic structure Interfacial bonding CALPHAD and diffusion modeling Aluminum alloys magnesium alloys.