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Functionality of dietary antimicrobial peptides in aquatic animal health:Multiple meta-analyses

Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 200-214页

作者： Jinhai Wang alan E.wilson Baofeng Su Rex A.Dunham School of Fisheries Aquaculture and Aquatic SciencesAuburn University203 Swingle HallAuburnAL 36849USA

Effects of antimicrobial peptides(AMP)added to diets on aquatic animal health and body function are influenced by multiple factors such as animal species,initial body weight,the dosage of AMP and feeding ***,there is limited knowledge on the relationship between these factors and the body function of aquatic ***,we aimed to perform multiple meta-analyses to investigate the effects of dietary AMP on growth performance(feed conversion ratio[FCR],specific growth rate[SGR]),enzyme activity(superoxide dismutase activity[SOD],lysozyme activity[LSA]),disease resistance(cumulative survival rate[CSR],the expression of immune-related genes[GENE])and the abundance of gut microbiota(MICRO)from a pool of empirical ***,the dose-effect model was applied to determine the optimal AMP dose,initial body weight and feeding duration to maximize body *** conduct the meta-analyses,we included 34 publications that estimated 705 effect sizes across 21 fish,2 shrimp and 2 shellfish *** results confirmed that the inclusion of AMP in the diet can significantly improve SGR,SOD,LSA,CSR and GENE and decrease FCR for aquatic ***,our findings implied a slight positive effect of AMP on MICRO albeit with a limited number of studies available on fish gut microbial *** no significant linear or quadratic relationship was predicted by meta-regression,the dose-effect indicated that the optimal AMP doses for FCR,SGR,SOD and LSA were 707.5,750.0,1,050.0 and 937.5 mg/kg,*** together,fish with an initial body weight of 30 g could be fed with a dose of 600 to 800 mg/kg for 2 mo when AMP-supplemented diets were applied in aquaculture,which can effectively improve body function and health while lowering aquafeed *** addition,more studies should address fish gut microbiota to delimitate the influence of dietary AMP on MICRO in the future.

关键词： Fish AMP Oral administration Feed additive Dose-effect Immune

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Can crop science really help us to produce more betterquality food while reducing the world-wide environmental footprint of agriculture?

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第1期7卷 28-44页

作者： William J.DAVIES Susan E.WARD alan wilson Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLAI 4YQUK Waitrose and Partners Food RetailersWaite HouseBracknellRG128YAUK

This paper reviews recent developments in crop science that can be the basis of a revolution in the global food system but it is also emphasized that such a revolution requires more than changes in food production and *** must more effectively feed a growing global population with a healthy diet while also defining and delivering the kinds of sustainable food systems that will minimise damage to our *** are exciting new developments in crop production biology but much existing crop science can be exploited to increase yields with the aid of a knowledge exchange(KE)framework requiring the use of new technology now available to most people across the *** discuss novel approaches at both the plant and the crop level that will enhance nutrient and water productivity and we also outline ways in which energy use and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions can be reduced and labor shortages *** of new biology and new engineering opportunities will require development of public-private partnerships and collaborations across the disciplines to allow us to move effectively from discovery science to practical *** is also important that consumers contribute to the debate over proposed changes to food and farming and so effective KE mechanisms are required between all relevant communities.

关键词： food security environmental sustainability crop water use efficiency crop science diet and health

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Artificial light at night(alan) pollution alters bat lunar chronobiology:insights from broad-scale long-term acoustic monitoring

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 176-187页

作者： Han Li Pauline Allen Saige Boris Samantha Lagrama Jade Lyons Christina Mills Pauline Moussi Casey Nichols Carter Tacosik Mc Kenzie Tsaousis Nyzaya Livingston wilson John F.Grider Kevin A.Parker Matina C.Kalcounis-Rueppell Department of Biology University of Nebraska Omaha Department of Biology University of North Carolina Greensboro Colorado Parks and Wild-life Parker Ecology LLC Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta

Background The timing of behavior and habitat use of nocturnal animals can be influenced by the lunar cycle in nature. The prevalence of artificial light at night(alan) has been recognized as a source of environmental pol-lution. The interaction between alan and the lunar cycle on bat behavior is important for understanding anthro-pogenic effects on bats. We utilized a decade(2012–2022) of acoustic monitoring data collected in North Carolina, United States, to investigate the relationship between bat activity, lunar cycle, and light pollution. We examined whether the amount of lunar illumination affected species-specific nightly activity and whether hourly bat activity patterns varied between nights with different moon phases. We further investigated if the relationship between bat activity and the lunar cycle might be altered by light *** We found that seven bat species showed activity variation across nights in relation to the amount of moon illumination when alan was absent. In general, bats were less active on full moon nights compared to new moon nights. Light pollution interacted with the bat–lunar relationship in five of the seven species, masking the effect of the lunar cycle. We identified delayed bat activity patterns on nights with a full or waxing moon in seven species, and light pollution altered that pattern in four species. Overall, alan was associated with decreased bat activity inde-pendent of lunar cycle *** Our study demonstrated that at a broad spatial scale, alan negatively affected many North American temperate bat species and altered their lunar chronobiology. As light pollution is spreading to historically dark areas and habitats, alan might couple with other threats, such as the white-nose syndrome or climate change, to cause cascading damage in the environment that depends on ecosystem services such as pest control provided by bats. We argue that further research and conservation actions are needed to mitigate

关键词： Artificial light at night alan Bats Chiroptera Chronobiology Light pollution Lunar cycle Moonlight

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Quetiapine augmentation of prolonged exposure therapy in veterans with PTSD and a history of mild traumatic brain injury: design and methodology of a pilot study

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Military Medical Research 2021年第1期8卷 121-131页

作者： Muhammad R.Baig Robert D.Beck Jennifer L.wilson Jennifer A.Lemmer Adeel Meraj Eric C.Meyer Jim Mintz alan L.Peterson John D.Roache Mental Health South Texas Veterans Healthcare System116 A7400 Merton Minter BIvdSan AntonioTX 78229USA Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center South Texas Veterans Healthcare SystemSan AntonioTXUSA Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA Department of Veterans Affairs VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans WacoTXUSA Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System WacoTXUSA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA Department of Psychology University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTXUSA

Background: Selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs) are first-line pharmacologic treatments for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD), but must be given over extended period of time before the onset of action. The use of SSRIs in PTSD patients with mild traumatic brain injury(m TBI) is problematic since SSRIs could exacerbate post-concussion syndrome(PCS) symptoms. VA/DOD guidelines identify trauma-focused psychotherapy as the best evidence-based treatment for PTSD, but overall effectiveness is limited by reduced levels of patient engagement and retention. A previous study from this research group suggested that quetiapine monotherapy, but not risperidone or valproate, could increase engagement in trauma-focused ***: We report the study protocol of a pilot study funded under the South-Central Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center pilot study program from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. This randomized, open-label study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of completing a randomized trial of quetiapine vs. treatment as usual to promote patient engagement in PTSD patients with a history of m ***: We expect that the success of this ongoing study should provide us with the preliminary data necessary to design a full-scale randomized trial. Positive efficacy results in a full-scale trial should inform new VA guidelines for clinical practice by showing that quetiapine-related improvements in patient engagement and retention may be the most effective approach to assure that VA resources achieve the best possible outcome for *** registration: NCT04280965.

关键词： Quetiapine Trauma-focused psychotherapy Posttraumatic stress disorder Mild traumatic brain injury Veterans

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Simpli?ed point-of-care ultrasound protocol to con?rm central venous catheter placement:A prospective study

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第1期8卷 25-28页

作者： Scan P.wilson Samer Assaf Shadi Lahham Mohammad Subeh alan Chiem Craig Anderson Samantha Shwe Ryan Nguyen John C.Fox Department of Emergency Medicine University of CaliforniaIrvineOrangeCalifornia 92868USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of CaliforniaSylmarLos AngelesCalifornia 91342USA

BACKGROUND: The current standard for con? rmation of correct supra-diaphragmatic central venous catheter(CVC) placement is with plain ? lm chest radiography(CXR). We hypothesized that a simple point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) protocol could effectively con? rm placement and reduce time to con? ***: We prospectively enrolled a convenience sample of patients in the emergency department and intensive care unit who required CVC placement. Correct positioning was considered if turbulent flow was visualized in the right atrium on sub-xiphoid, parasternal or apical cardiac ultrasound after injecting 5 cc of sterile, non-agitated, normal saline through the ***: Seventy-eight patients were enrolled. POCUS had a sensitivity of 86.8%(95%CI 77.1%–93.5%) and speci? city of 100%(95%CI 15.8%–100.0%) for identifying correct central venous catheter placement. Median POCUS and CXR completion were 16 minutes(IQR 10–29) and 32 minutes(IQR 19–45), ***: Ultrasound may be an effective tool to confirm central venous catheter placement in instances where there is a delay in obtaining a con? rmatory CXR.

关键词： Point-of-care ultrasound Emergency ultrasound Central venous access

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Colonization features of marine biofilm-dwelling protozoa in Chinese coastal waters of the Yellow Sea

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2020年第3期2卷 292-301页

作者： Mohammad Nurul Azim Sikder Henglong Xu alan Warren Laboratory of Microbial Ecology Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Institute of Marine Sciences University of ChittagongChittagong 4331Bangladesh Department of Life Sciences Natural History MuseumLondon SW75BDUK

Colonization features of biofilm-dwelling protozoa,especially ciliates,are routinely used as a useful tool for marine *** this review,we summarize some of these features to develop an optimal sampling strategy for using biofilmdwelling protozoa as bioindicators of marine water *** focus on the utility of:(1)diversity in dices to analyze the colonizahon features of biofilm-dwelling protozoa for monitoring marine water quality;(2)MacArthur-wilson and logistic equation models to determine spatio-temporal variations in colonization dynamics;and(3)homogeneity in taxonomic breadth of biofilm-dwelling protozoa during the process of *** main findings are that:(1)the colonization dynamics of biofilm-dwelling protozoa are similar at depths of 1-5 m in spring and autumn;(2)temporal variability was well fitted to the MacArthur-wilson and logistic models(P<0.05);and(3)species composition reached an equilibrium after a colonization period of 10-14 days in spring and autumn,but this took less time in the summer and more time in the ***-plotting tests demonstrated spatial variability in homogeneity in taxonomic structure of the ciiiate communities at different depths in the water column,with high levels at 1 m and 2 m and lower levels at 3.5 m and 5 ***,the findings of this review suggest that the colonization dynamics of biofilin-dwelling protozoa may be influenced by different depths and seasons in coastal waters and 1-2 m in spring and autumn may be optimal sampling strategy for bioassessment on large spatial/temporal scales in marine ecosystems.

关键词： Bioassessment Colonization survey Marine ecosystem Periphytic ciliates Taxonomic breadth Seasonal and vertical variations

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量度及預測隧道鑽機的土傳噪音及震動(英文)

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声学技术 2006年第6期25卷 658-664页

作者：何偉麟威信聲學顧問有限公司

在市區進行夜間隧道鑽挖工程所產生的土傳噪音及震動,容易引起投訴。現時的技術難以準確預測噪音及震動的級數,而隧道工程的進度也常因進行隧道鑽挖工程時產生過大的土傳噪音及震動而延誤。本文所提述的新技術,可以更準確地量度及預測... 详细信息

在市區進行夜間隧道鑽挖工程所產生的土傳噪音及震動,容易引起投訴。現時的技術難以準確預測噪音及震動的級數,而隧道工程的進度也常因進行隧道鑽挖工程時產生過大的土傳噪音及震動而延誤。本文所提述的新技術,可以更準確地量度及預測鑽機震動強度及土壤傳震的特性@個技術包括測量單位衝擊力及隧道鑽機摩擦力所產生的震動級數鋵嵲珈?80於代,美國政府運輸部門(***)已研發相關的技術,並將該技術應用於鐵路土傳噪音量度及預測上。本文報告隧道鑽機所產生的土傳噪音及震動級數1/3倍頻帶數值的量度及預測。比較地面震動峰值速度(PPV)、最高(Lmax)噪聲和振動級數按快速和緩慢的時間常數和整體百分比(Percentile)數值列出。

关键词：土传噪音隧道钻机点力速度反应

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Hybridisation in kiwi(Apteryx;Apterygidae)requires taxonomic revision for the Great Spotted Kiwi

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Avian Research 2021年第2期12卷 195-207页

作者： Lara D.Shepherd alan J.D.Tennyson Hugh A.Robertson Rogan M.Colbourne Kristina M.Ramstad Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa Wellington 6011New Zealand Biodiversity Group Department of Conservation PO Box 10420Welling-ton 6011New Zealand Department of Biology and Geology University of South Carolina Aiken471 University ParkwayAikenSC 29801USA

Background:Kiwi(Apteryx spp.)are flightless ratites from New Zealand whose numbers and distributions have declined following human *** of the kiwi species are known to hybridise but the extent of hybridization is ***:We reviewed hybridisation in kiwi(Apteryx spp.)and present new genetic data examining the extent of hybridisation between Rowi(***)and Little Spotted Kiwi(***)at Okarito,the location of the only remaining natural population of the threatened *** also genetically examined the syntype specimens of *** Potts,1872,collected from near Okarito in the 1870s,which have unusual ***:We found evidence of recurrent hybridisation between Rowi and Little Spotted Kiwi over the last 150 years,including one F1 hybrid found in the last 15 years,despite Little Spotted Kiwi’s likely extinction on the mainland in the ***,we found little evidence of introgression of Little Spotted Kiwi alleles into the extant Rowi *** syntype specimens of *** were also found to be hybrids between Little Spotted Kiwi and ***:Our genetic analyses indicate that,although we detected multiple instances of hybridisation between Rowi and Little Spotted Kiwi,it does not appear to be an ongoing threat to *** the syntype specimens of *** are hybrids and therefore not representative of the prevailing usage of the name for the Great Spotted Kiwi(***),we resurrect the nomen oblitum *** Sclater and Hochstetter,1861 for the large spotted kiwi species.

关键词： Apteryx Apteryx haastii DNA Hybridisation Kiwi Taxonomy

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Point-of-care ultrasound versus radiology department pelvic ultrasound on emergency department length of stay

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2016年第3期7卷 178-182页

作者： Scan P. wilson Kiah Connolly Shadi Lahham Mohammad Subeh Chanel Fischetti alan Chiem Ariel Aspen Craig Anderson John C. Fox Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to compare the time to overall length of stay(LOS) for patients who underwent point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) versus radiology department ultrasound(RDUS).METHODS: This was a prospective study on a convenience sample of patients who required pelvic ultrasound imaging as part of their emergency department(ED) ***: We enrolled a total of 194 patients who were on average 32 years-old. Ninety-eight(51%) patients were pregnant(<20 weeks). Time to completion of RDUS was 66 minutes longer than POCUS(95%CI 60–73, P<0.01). Patients randomized to the RDUS arm experienced a 120 minute longer ED length of stay(LOS)(95%CI 66–173, P<0.01)CONCLUSION: In patients who require pelvic ultrasound as part of their diagnostic evaluation, POCUS resulted in a signifi cant decrease in time to ultrasound and ED LOS.

关键词： Point-of-care ultrasound Pelvic ultrasound Length of stay Intrauterine pregnancy

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DISTRIBUTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NON-VOLATILE CHEMICAL MUTAGENS IN SEDIMRNTS OF AN INDUSTRIALLY IMPACTED RIVER

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癌变．畸变．突变 1991年第S1期3卷 177-177页

作者： M.wilson Tabor Marcus C.Waldron alan R.White Univ.Cinc.Med.Ctr CincinnatiOH 45267 Marshall Univ. HuntingtonWV 25701 ND State Univ.Fargo ND 58105

A coupled bioassay/analytical fractionation approachwas used to isolate genotoxic contaminants from riversediments collected at points upstream,adjacent to,and downstream from centers of major industrial andmunicipal ... 详细信息

关键词： downstream sequentially upstream fractionation extracts centers polar isolate exchanges Salmonella

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