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Functionality of dietary antimicrobial peptides in aquatic animal health:Multiple meta-analyses

Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 200-214页

作者： Jinhai Wang alan e.wilson Baofeng Su Rex A.Dunham School of Fisheries Aquaculture and Aquatic SciencesAuburn University203 Swingle HallAuburnAL 36849USA

effects of antimicrobial peptides(AMP)added to diets on aquatic animal health and body function are influenced by multiple factors such as animal species,initial body weight,the dosage of AMP and feeding ***,there is limited knowledge on the relationship between these factors and the body function of aquatic ***,we aimed to perform multiple meta-analyses to investigate the effects of dietary AMP on growth performance(feed conversion ratio[FCR],specific growth rate[SGR]),enzyme activity(superoxide dismutase activity[SOD],lysozyme activity[LSA]),disease resistance(cumulative survival rate[CSR],the expression of immune-related genes[GeNe])and the abundance of gut microbiota(MICRO)from a pool of empirical ***,the dose-effect model was applied to determine the optimal AMP dose,initial body weight and feeding duration to maximize body *** conduct the meta-analyses,we included 34 publications that estimated 705 effect sizes across 21 fish,2 shrimp and 2 shellfish *** results confirmed that the inclusion of AMP in the diet can significantly improve SGR,SOD,LSA,CSR and GeNe and decrease FCR for aquatic ***,our findings implied a slight positive effect of AMP on MICRO albeit with a limited number of studies available on fish gut microbial *** no significant linear or quadratic relationship was predicted by meta-regression,the dose-effect indicated that the optimal AMP doses for FCR,SGR,SOD and LSA were 707.5,750.0,1,050.0 and 937.5 mg/kg,*** together,fish with an initial body weight of 30 g could be fed with a dose of 600 to 800 mg/kg for 2 mo when AMP-supplemented diets were applied in aquaculture,which can effectively improve body function and health while lowering aquafeed *** addition,more studies should address fish gut microbiota to delimitate the influence of dietary AMP on MICRO in the future.

关键词： Fish AMP Oral administration Feed additive Dose-effect Immune

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Can crop science really help us to produce more betterquality food while reducing the world-wide environmental footprint of agriculture?

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and engineering 2020年第1期7卷 28-44页

作者： William J.DAVIeS Susan e.WARD alan wilson Lancaster environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLAI 4YQUK Waitrose and Partners Food RetailersWaite HouseBracknellRG128YAUK

This paper reviews recent developments in crop science that can be the basis of a revolution in the global food system but it is also emphasized that such a revolution requires more than changes in food production and *** must more effectively feed a growing global population with a healthy diet while also defining and delivering the kinds of sustainable food systems that will minimise damage to our *** are exciting new developments in crop production biology but much existing crop science can be exploited to increase yields with the aid of a knowledge exchange(Ke)framework requiring the use of new technology now available to most people across the *** discuss novel approaches at both the plant and the crop level that will enhance nutrient and water productivity and we also outline ways in which energy use and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions can be reduced and labor shortages *** of new biology and new engineering opportunities will require development of public-private partnerships and collaborations across the disciplines to allow us to move effectively from discovery science to practical *** is also important that consumers contribute to the debate over proposed changes to food and farming and so effective Ke mechanisms are required between all relevant communities.

关键词： food security environmental sustainability crop water use efficiency crop science diet and health

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Vector-mode multiplexing brings an additional approach for capacity growth in optical fibers

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 1031-1033页

作者： alan e Willner Department of electrical engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089-2565USA

The paper‘Direct fiber vector eigenmode multiplexing transmission seeded by integrated optical vortex emitters’by J Liu1 has successfully demonstrated that different data-carrying vector modes can be used to increase capacity through data-carrying,full-vectorial fiber eigenmode multiplexing communications in circular optical *** work uses compact,integrated optics to achieve capacity scaling by directly exploiting orthogonal spatial vector eigenmodes.

关键词： optical fiber multiplexing

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Integrated nano-structured silicon waveguides and devices for high-speed optical communications

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Chinese Optics Letters 2010年第9期8卷 909-917页

作者： alan e. Willner 张林岳洋武晓霞 Department of electrical engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

With progress in fabrication technology, integrated photonics plays an increasingly important role in high-speed optical communications, from monolithic transmitters and receivers for advanced optical modulation formats to on-chip subsystems for optical signal processing. We review our recent work on the highly tailorable physical properties of silicon waveguides for communication and signal processing applications, using slot structures. Controllable chromatic dispersion, nonlinearity, and polarization properties of the waveguides are presented, and the enabled wideband wavelength conversion, optical tunable delay, and signal processing of polarization-multiplexing data channels are discussed.

关键词： mode Integrated nano-structured silicon waveguides and devices for high-speed optical communications high

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Downscaling future climate scenarios to fine scales for hydrologic and ecological modeling and analysis

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ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 109-123页

作者： Lorraine e Flint alan L Flint U.S.Geological Survey Placer Hall6000 J St.SacramentoCA 95819USA

Introduction:evaluating the environmental impacts of climate change on water resources and biological components of the landscape is an integral part of hydrologic and ecological investigations,and the resultant land and resource management in the twenty-first *** of both climate and simulated hydrologic parameters on ecological processes are relevant at scales that reflect the heterogeneity and complexity of *** present,simulations of climate change available from global climate models[GCMs]require downscaling for hydrologic or ecological ***:Using statistically downscaled future climate projections developed using constructed analogues,a methodology was developed to further downscale the projections spatially using a gradient-inverse-distancesquared approach for application to hydrologic modeling at 270-m spatial ***:This paper illustrates a methodology to downscale and bias-correct national GCMs to subkilometer scales that are applicable to fine-scale environmental *** scenarios were chosen to bracket the range of future emissions put forth by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ***-scale applications of downscaled datasets of ecological and hydrologic correlations to variation in climate are ***:The methodology,which includes a sequence of rigorous analyses and calculations,is intended to reduce the addition of uncertainty to the climate data as a result of the downscaling while providing the fine-scale climate information necessary for ecological *** results in new but consistent data sets for the US at 4 km,the southwest US at 270 m,and California at 90 m and illustrates the utility of fine-scale downscaling to analyses of ecological processes influenced by topographic complexity.

关键词： downscaling climate change spatial scale scenarios

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The Kazdin Method for Developing and Changing Behavior of Children and Adolescents

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2021年第4期23卷 429-442页

作者： alan e.Kazdin Yale University New HavenConnecticut06517USA

The Kazdin Method is a version of parent management training in which parents are trained to alter the behaviors of their *** method draws on the principles and techniques of applied behavior *** techniques focus on antecedents(what comes before the behavior),behavior(crafting the precise behaviors one wishes to develop),and consequences(usually praise to increase the likelihood that the desired behaviors will be performed again).The key focus is repeated practice in changing parent and child *** article traces the evolution of my use of parent training to treat severe aggressive and antisocial behavior among clinically referred samples and also to help parents with the routine challenges of child *** supporting the effectiveness of the techniques are *** addition,the article discusses issues and myths that may be of concern with the approach such as the exclusive focus on behavior,the extent to which the effects endure,and the use of consequences to change *** are provide for parents and professionals for implementing the techniques and as well as for addressing topics of interest to parents in child and adolescent development.

关键词： Kazdin method changing parent child behavior

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Nonprecsion (Standard) Psychosocial Interventions for the Treatment of Mental Disorders

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2022年第4期24卷 457-473页

作者： alan e.Kazdin Department of Psychology Yale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut06520-8205USA

Advances in precision treatment promise to greatly improve the extent to which therapies for mental disorders are better matched to patient *** the same,we need to ensure that more readily disseminable and available nonprecison treatments are further developed as *** treatments refer to standardized interven-tions that do not have to be individualized and are more readily *** for this call stems from the treatment gap,namely,the huge difference in the proportion of individuals who are in need of mental health services and who actually receive any form of *** prevalence rates for mental disorders worldwide are high and in low-,middle-,and high-income countries and the vast majority of individuals in need of services receive *** address the need,we need interventions that can reach large numbers of individuals and espe-cially target those individuals least likely to receive *** treatments that can be widely applied may be in a better position at present to reach people in need who otherwise receive no care.

关键词： Treatment of mental disorders nonprecision treatment closing the treatment gap

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Chennault, Cynthia L., Keith N. Knapp, alan J. Berkowitz, and Albert e. Dien, eds. early Medieval Chinese Texts

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2018年第1期12卷 135-139页

作者： alan Chan Nanyang Technological University Singapore

Some sequels can be as good as the original, even if the latter has been a monumental success. This present offering may have been inspired by and to some extent modeled after the hugely influential early Chinese Texts; A Bibliographical Guide （p. x）,1 it nevertheless packs its own punch. Just as the earlier work has made a lasting contribution to the study of early China, this ＂sequel,＂ so to speak, should prove an equally invaluable resource for students of early medieval China.

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NORMAL MODeS OF FLUID-STRUCTURe INTeRACTION IN INTeRNAL FLOWS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 1998年第4期10卷 71-89页

作者： Zhang, Lixiang Huang, Wenhu Tijsseling, Arris S. Vardy, alan e. Yunnan Polytechnic Univ Kunming China

The Information in frequency domain was deducted by a discrete Fourier transforms. The modal information of the fluid-structure interaction in internal flows was analyzed. The dispersive and dissipative term in a fully coupled manner can be treated. The method has been validated by comparison with an exact analytical solution, with the results obtained by discrete Fourier transform and an analysis using the method of characteristics as well as with measured data from a laboratory apparatus.

关键词： Dispersions Fourier transforms Frequency response Mathematical models Pipe flow Vibrators

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Fine-scale hydrologic modeling for regional landscape applications:the California Basin Characterization Model development and performance

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ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 254-274页

作者： Lorraine e Flint alan L Flint James H Thorne Ryan Boynton Water Resources Discipline U.S.Geological SurveyPlacer Hall6000 J StreetSacramentoCA 95819-6129USA Information Center for the environment University of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA

Introduction:Resource managers need spatially explicit models of hydrologic response to changes in key climatic drivers across variable landscape *** demonstrate the utility of a Basin Characterization Model for California(CA-BCM)to integrate high-resolution data on physical watershed characteristics with historical or projected climate data to predict watershed-specific hydrologic ***:The CA-BCM applies a monthly regional water-balance model to simulate hydrologic responses to climate at the spatial resolution of a 270-m *** model has been calibrated using a total of 159 relatively unimpaired watersheds for the California ***:As a result of calibration,predicted basin discharge closely matches measured data for validation *** CA-BCM recharge and runoff estimates,combined with estimates of snowpack and timing of snowmelt,provide a basis for assessing variations in water *** important output variable,climatic water deficit,integrates the combined effects of temperature and rainfall on site-specific soil moisture,a factor that plants may respond to more directly than air temperature and precipitation *** outputs are calculated for each grid cell,allowing results to be summarized for a variety of planning units including hillslopes,watersheds,ecoregions,or political ***:The ability to confidently calculate hydrologic outputs at fine spatial scales provides a new suite of hydrologic predictor variables that can be used for a variety of purposes,such as projections of changes in water availability,environmental demand,or distribution of plants and *** we present the framework of the CA-BCM model for the California hydrologic region,a test of model performance on 159 watersheds,summary results for the region for the 1981–2010 time period,and changes since the 1951–1980 time period.

关键词： Water balance Basin models Watershed hydrology Climate change Downscaling Basin characterization model

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