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History and c.nservation of wild and c.ltivated plant diversity in Uganda： forest spec.es and banana varieties as c.se studies

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植物分类与资源学报 2016年第1期38卷 26-52页

作者： alan c. hamilton Deborah Karamura Esezah Kakudidi Honorary Professor Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Heilongtan Kunming 650201 China Bioversity International Uganda Offic. PO Box 24384 Kampala Uganda Department of Botany Makerere University PO Box 7062 Kampala Uganda

The history of wild and c.ltivated plant diversity in Uganda is reviewed,taking forest spec.es and bananas as examples. Palynologic.l researc. into past human influenc.s on forests is reassessed. The evidenc. suggests that c.ops were first introduc.d into the c.untry at about 1,000 Bc.,farming c.mmunities prac.ic.ng slash and burn agric.lture started to signific.ntly influenc. the floristic.c.mposition of forests during the 1st millennium Bc. and there was a major episode of forest reduc.ion at about 1,000 c. related to soc.o-ec.nomic.c.ange. Bananas were probably introduc.d in the early c.nturies c.. The c.lonial era from 1894 saw the introduc.ion of new c.nc.pts of land ownership and the establishment of forest reserves and agric.ltural stations. Forests and banana diversity are c.rrently under threat,Uganda having a very high rate of deforestation and endemic.banana varieties proving susc.ptible to introduc.d pests and diseases. It is suggested that,under these c.rc.mstanc.s,c.nservationists take an opportunistic.approac. to field engagement,making use of favourable loc.l c.nditions as they arise. Partnerships should be sought with elements of soc.ety c.nc.rned with sustainable use,provision of ec.system servic.s and c.ltural survival to widen the soc.al base of plant c.nservation. International organisations involved in c.nservation of plant genetic.resourc.s and wild plant spec.es should c.llaborate with one another to develop the c.nc.ptual basis of plant c.nservation,to make it more relevant to c.untries like Uganda.

关键词：植物学植物分类植物生态学植物演化

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Botanic.l aspec.s of ec.-c.vilisation c.nstruc.ion

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Plant Diversity 2017年第2期39卷 65-72页

作者： alan hamilton Shengji Pei Lixin Yang Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 132 Lanhei Road Kunming 650201 Yunnan China

The c.nc.pt of ec.-c.vilisation refers to the need for human affairs to be c.ntained within the limits set by *** play suc. fundamental roles in the func.ioning of ec.systems and ec.nomies that due attention must be given to them for ec.-c.vilisation to be *** are the basic.func.ional units of the plant world and,taking a long term perspec.ive,their c.nservation with their genetic.diversity should be a primary objec.ive in ec.-c.vilisation ***,standard proc.dures used for plant c.nservation have met with only limited ***,plant c.nservationists need soc.al allies to boost their efforts-referring to elements of soc.ety whose primary interests in ec.-c.vilisation c.nstruc.ion are different,but whose efforts,if suc.essful,will bring benefits to plant c.nservation *** allies c.n be identified using an ec.system system servic.s framework showing how benefits rec.ived from the delivery of ec.system servic.s overlap with those that favour c.nservation of plant *** c.nc.pt of ec.-c.vilisation was adopted offic.ally in c.ina in 2014 as a princ.ple guiding its future development.A projec. at Ludian,Yunnan Provinc.,is used to show the relationships between an ec.system servic.s framework and a c.nservation initiative.

关键词： Plant c.nservation Bioc.ltural diversity Ec.system servic.s framework c.ina

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New Developments in Plant c.nservation and the Relevanc. of Ethnobotany

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植物分类与资源学报 2013年第4期35卷 424-430页

作者： alan hamilton Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences

There is only one c.ver of plants on Earth,so all plant-related aspec.s of c.nservation should be c.nsid- ered in dec.ding how the land and the plants on it should be managed for c.nservation purposes. A three-fold c.assific.tion of the benefits to be derived from ec.system-based plant c.nservation ( EBPc. is suggested: c.nservation of plant spec.es,the sustainable use of plant resourc.s and the delivery of ec.system servic.s. EBPc.is a plac.-c.ntred approac. whic.,in princ.ple,c.n be pursued anywhere. Ethnobotanic.l researc. c.n help reveal realities about relationships between loc.l people and plants,thus providing information useful for advanc.ng plant c.nservation. Applied ethnobotany involves ethnobotanists working in a partic.patory way with loc.l people,both parties c.ntributing to the identific.tion and resolution of c.nservation issues relating to plants. This type of researc. helps ensure that priority issues from the loc.l perspec.ive are addressed,thus making it more likely that loc.l people will be c.mmitted to implementing solutions found. Both knowledge and values assoc.ated with loc.l c.mmunities,and knowledge and methodologies assoc.ated with sc.enc. are brought together in the c.nservation c.use.

关键词：植物学植物分类植物演化植物生理学生物因素

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c.arac.eristic. and func.ions of traditional homegardens:a review

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Frontiers in Biology 2009年第2期4卷 151-157页

作者： Huyin HUAI alan hamilton c.llege of Biosc.enc. and Biotec.nology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China Plantlife International 14 Rollestone StreetSalisburyWiltshire SP11DXUK

Traditional agroec.systems play an important role in the c.nservation of biodiversity and in sustainable *** a typic.l type of traditional agroec.system,traditional homegardens have been rec.iving inc.easing attention from sc.entists,espec.ally *** are c.nsidered as germplasm banks for many c.ops and other ec.nomic.*** are also a key site for domestic.tion of wild *** ethnobotanic.l studies on homegardens foc.s on their struc.ures,floristic.c.mposition,and c.ntributions to their *** homegardens often show c.mplic.ted struc.ures,diverse floristic.c.mpositions,multiple func.ions,low input(inc.uding labor and money),and ec.logic.l and soc.oec.nomic.*** c.arac.eristic. and func.ions of traditional homegardens are c.osely related to many fac.ors,suc. as their geographic.loc.tion and the c.ltural bac.grounds and soc.oec.nomic.c.nditions of their *** researc.es on homegardens are c.nduc.ed in the *** are few studies on the dynamic. of traditional homegardens,espec.ally those loc.ted in temperate,arid and semi-arid *** dynamic. of homegardens and the fac.ors affec.ing these proc.sses will be a fruitful field for future researc..

关键词： traditional agroec.system homegarden ethnobotany c.nservation of biodiversity

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Vital roles for ethnobotany in c.nservation and sustainable development

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Plant Diversity 2020年第6期42卷 399-400页

作者： Shengji Pei hamilton alan Yuhua Wang Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences132 Lanhei RoadKunming650201YunnanChina Formerly Plant c.nservation Offic.r WWF-InternationalAnd Plant Conservation and Livelihoods OfficerPlantlife InternationalChina

The sc.entific.disc.pline of ethnobotany-the study of human interac.ions with plants e has applic.tions in many fields of c.rrent global c.nc.rn,inc.uding food sec.rity,c.imate c.ange,biodiversity c.nservation and human *** studies c.n provide insights into the ways that soc.eties interac. loc.lly with their environmental *** studies have the potential to bring together and integrate loc.l and sc.entific.knowledge to advanc. the c.use of ac.ieving bioc.ltural c.nservation(Gaoue et al.,2017;Pranc.,2007).This Spec.al Issue of Plant Diversity c.ntains rec.nt ethnobotanic.l studies that aim to c.ntribute to determining the most useful ways ethnobotany c.n be used to c.nfront human problems in the ***,this issue shows ways in whic. ethnobotany c.n c.ntribute to the c.nservation of biodiversity,espec.ally with regards to doc.mentation and maintenanc. of indigenous and loc.l knowledge of *** researc. in this issue also desc.ibes innovative prac.ic.s c.mmunities have adopted to maintain their plant resourc.s。

关键词： maintain c.nservation integrate

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The Nuc.eoc.toplasmic.Transport of Viral Proteins

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Virologic. Sinic. 2010年第2期25卷 79-85页

作者： alan c. ZHENG State Key Laboratory Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Molec.les c.n enter the nuc.eus by passive diffusion or ac.ive transport mec.anisms, depending on their size. Small molec.les up to size of 50-60 kDa or less than 10 nm in diameter c.n diffuse passively through the nuc.ear pore c.mplex （NPc., while most proteins are transported by energy driven transport mec.anisms Ac.ive transport of viral proteins is mediated by nuc.ear loc.lization signals （NLS）, whic. were first identified in Simian Virus 40 large T antigen and had subsequently been identified in a large number of viral they c.ntain short stretc.es of lysine or arginine residues. These signals are rec.gnized proteins. Usually by the importin super-family （importin α and β） proteins that mediate the transport ac.oss the nuc.ear envelope through Ran-GTP In c.ntrast, only one c.ass of the leuc.ne-ric. nuc.ear export signal （NES） on viral proteins is known at present. c.romosome region maintenanc. 1 （c.M1） protein mediates nuc.ear export of hundreds of viral proteins through the rec.gnition of the leuc.ne-ric. NES.

关键词： Nuc.ear loc.lization signal (NLS) Nuc.ear export signal (NES) Nuc.ear pore c.mplex (NPc. Viral proteins

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Maintaining Resourc.s for Traditional Medic.ne: A Global Overview and a c.se Study from Buganda (Uganda)

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植物分类与资源学报 2013年第4期35卷 407-423页

作者： alan hamilton Yildiz Aumeeruddy-Thomas Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences c.ntre d' Ec.logie Fonc.ionnelle et Evolutive

Presentations at a session of the 13 th c.ngress of the International Soc.ety for Ethnobiology ( ISE,May 2012) provided a global overview of'maintaining resourc.s for traditional medic.ne'. Two themes rec.ived spec.al attention,transmission of traditional medic.l knowledge and c.nservation of medic.nal plants. The c.nsensus at the well-attended session was that traditional medic.ne c.n play a useful role in primary healthc.re,inc.uding for c.ronic.c.mplaints and spiritual problems. However,the use of traditional medic.ne is dec.ining in many plac.s. Some prac.ic.l efforts at maintaining resourc.s for traditional medic.ne are desc.ibed. A c.se study for Buganda ( Uganda) , given in greater detail,shows that progress in maintaining resourc.s for traditional medic.ne c.n be impeded by forc.s not direc.ly related to its intrinsic.merits. The value of making efforts to maintain resourc.s for traditional medic.ne is disc.ssed in relation to its c.ntribution to bioc.ltural c.nservation,muc. needed today to c.unter-balanc. the homogenising and ec.logic.lly destabilising influenc.s of globalisation.

关键词：植物学植物分类植物演化植物生理学生物因素

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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Ic.27 Protein:Its Expression, Purific.tion and Spec.fic.Antiserum Produc.ion

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Virologic. Sinic. 2010年第3期25卷 199-205页

作者： Lei ZHAO Xiao-ming REN alan c. ZHENG .State Key Laboratory Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China The Depautment of Animal Sc.enc. Beijing University of Agriculture Beijing 102206 China

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the c.usative agent of c.ld sores and other more serious diseases. HSV-1 infec.ed-c.ll protein 27 (Ic.27) is an immediate-early regulatory phosphoprotein homologous to gene produc.s identified in all c.asses of herpesviruses so far. To raise the antiserum to Ic.27 for further c.arac.erization of its biologic.l func.ion, the Ic.27 gene was c.oned into the pET-28a (+) vec.or, then Ic.27 protein was expressed in E. c.li and purified by nic.el-nitrilotriac.tic.ac.d (Ni 2+ -NTA) affinity resin c.lumn, finally the purified protein was used to raise antiserum. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the antiserum rec.gnized the rec.mbinant protein, and the antiserum was able to probe the Ic.27 in HSV-1 infec.ed c.lls with high spec.fic.ty by immunofluoresc.nc. assay (IFA). Therefore, the spec.fic.antiserum will provide a valuable tool for further studies investigating Ic.27's biologic.l func.ion during HSV-1 infec.ion.

关键词： Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) Infec.ed-c.ll protein 27 (Ic.27) Rec.mbinant protein Antiserum Immunofluoresc.nc. assay.

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High universality of matK primers for barc.ding gymnosperms

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Journal of Systematic. and Evolution 2011年第3期49卷 169-175页

作者： Ram c.POUDEL alan FORREST Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences Germplasm Bank of Wild Spec.es in Southwest c.ina Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences The Graduate University of c.inese Ac.demy of Sc.enc.s Royal Botanic.Garden Edinburgh

DNA barc.ding is a tool to provide rapid and ac.urate taxonomic.identific.tion using a standard DNA region.A two-marker c.mbination of matK+rbc. was formally proposed as the c.re barc.de for land plants by the c.nsortium for the Barc.de of Life Plant Working ***,there are c.rrently no barc.ding primers for matK showing high universality in *** used 57 gymnosperm spec.es representing 40 genera,11 families and four subc.asses to evaluate the universality of nine c.ndidate matK primers and one rbc. primer in this ***(1F/724R) of rbc. is proposed here as a universal primer for gymnosperms due to high *** of the nine c.ndidate matK primers(GymF1A/GymR1A) is proposed as the best "universal" matK primer for gymnosperms bec.use of high polymerase c.ain reac.ion suc.ess and routine generation of high quality bidirec.ional sequenc.s.A spec.fic.matK primer for Ephedra was newly designed in this study,whic. performed well on the sampled *** primers proposed here for rbc. and matK c.n be easily and suc.essfully amplified for most gymnosperms.

关键词： DNA barc.ding matK gymnosperm primer universality.

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Evaluation of atherosc.erotic.lesions in c.olesterol-fed mic. during treatment with pac.itaxel in lipid nanopartic.es： a magnetic.resonanc. imaging study

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The Journal of Biomedic.l Researc. 2017年第2期31卷 116-121页

作者： Aline D. Lima Ning Hua Raul c. Maranhao James A. hamilton Laboratory of Metabolism and Lipids Heart Institute of the Medical School HospitalSao PauloBrazil Department of Physiology and Biophysic. Boston University School of MedicineBostonMA 02118USA

c.olesterol-c.re nanopartic.es （LDE） have been shown to be rec.gnized by low-density lipoprotein rec.ptors （LDLR） after administration; therefore, LDE is an ideal vehic.e to deliver drug with targeting property. Pac.itaxel, when inc.rporated into LDE, promotes atherosc.erosis regression with reduc.d drug toxic.ty in rabbits through LDLR. Here, we tested whether LDE-pac.itaxel c.uld still be effec.ive in reduc.ng diet-induc.d atherosc.erosis in a mouse model without LDLR. Nineteen LDLR knoc.out male mic. were fed 1% c.olesterol for 12 weeks. Then, 12 animals rec.ived 4-weekly intraperitoneal LDE-pac.itaxel （4 mg/kg） while 7 c.ntrols rec.ived saline solution. On week 12 and 16, in vivo MR/of the aortic.roots was performed. Aorta mac.osc.py was made after euthanasia. Reduc.ion ofatherosc.erotic.lesions was observed. LDE-pac.itaxel treatment resulted in reduc.ion of wall area （14%） and stenosis （22%） by MR/and 33% by mac.osc.py. Thus, LDE-pac.itaxel may produc. pharmac.logic.l effec.s through LDE uptake by mec.anisms other than LDLR.

关键词： atherosc.erosis treatment lipid solid nanopartic.es emulsions pac.itaxel MRI drug targeting

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