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Functionality of dietary antimicrobial peptides in aquatic animal health:Multiple meta-analyses

Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 200-214页

作者： Jinhai Wang alan e.wilson Baofeng Su Rex A.Dunham School of Fisheries Aquaculture and Aquatic SciencesAuburn University203 Swingle HallAuburnAL 36849USA

effects of antimicrobial peptides(AMP)added to diets on aquatic animal health and body function are influenced by multiple factors such as animal species,initial body weight,the dosage of AMP and feeding ***,there is limited knowledge on the relationship between these factors and the body function of aquatic ***,we aimed to perform multiple meta-analyses to investigate the effects of dietary AMP on growth performance(feed conversion ratio[FCR],specific growth rate[SGR]),enzyme activity(superoxide dismutase activity[SOD],lysozyme activity[LSA]),disease resistance(cumulative survival rate[CSR],the expression of immune-related genes[GeNe])and the abundance of gut microbiota(MICRO)from a pool of empirical ***,the dose-effect model was applied to determine the optimal AMP dose,initial body weight and feeding duration to maximize body *** conduct the meta-analyses,we included 34 publications that estimated 705 effect sizes across 21 fish,2 shrimp and 2 shellfish *** results confirmed that the inclusion of AMP in the diet can significantly improve SGR,SOD,LSA,CSR and GeNe and decrease FCR for aquatic ***,our findings implied a slight positive effect of AMP on MICRO albeit with a limited number of studies available on fish gut microbial *** no significant linear or quadratic relationship was predicted by meta-regression,the dose-effect indicated that the optimal AMP doses for FCR,SGR,SOD and LSA were 707.5,750.0,1,050.0 and 937.5 mg/kg,*** together,fish with an initial body weight of 30 g could be fed with a dose of 600 to 800 mg/kg for 2 mo when AMP-supplemented diets were applied in aquaculture,which can effectively improve body function and health while lowering aquafeed *** addition,more studies should address fish gut microbiota to delimitate the influence of dietary AMP on MICRO in the future.

关键词： Fish AMP Oral administration Feed additive Dose-effect Immune

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efficiently adding mode multiplexing for cost-effective,high-capacity fiber links

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Advanced Photonics 2024年第1期6卷 8-9页

作者： alan e.Willner Huibin Zhou University of Southern California Los AngelesCaliforniaUnited States

For decades,a powerful approach to adding data capacity in an optical communication link has been to multiplex independent data-carrying channels and transmit them simultaneously along a fiber.^(1)For example,wavelength-division-multiplexing(WDM)was a key technology in the 1990s and early 2000s to dramatically increase aggregate capacity in a fiber by multiplexing beams of different wavelengths.^(2)For the past roughly 15 years,there has been great promise that space-division-multiplexing(SDM)may bring similar capacity enhancements to optical fiber communications.^(1–3)

关键词： fiber multiplexing adding

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effect of biochar on the metabolome of soybean seedlings

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第1期9卷 60-68页

作者： Nathalia e.Silva Mariana G.Aguilar Osania e.Ferreira Gleicia M.Paulino Jaqueline C.L.Carvalho Lúcia P.S.Pimenta alan R.T.Machado Programa de Pos-graduaçao em Ciencias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisFrutalMinas Gerais38202-436Brazil Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisMinas GeraisBelo Horizonte31270-901Brazil Departamento de engenharia Aplicada e Tecnologias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil Departamento de Ciencias exatas Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil

The use of biochar can have several effects on plant germination,depending on raw material,preparation method and application ***,the molecular mechanisms that lead to those results have yet to be *** aim of this research was to improve the understanding of these mechanisms by characterizing the metabolic effects of sugarcane bagasse biochar on soybean *** types of biochars were prepared by pyrolysis at 300℃(SCB300),400℃(SCB400)and 600℃(SCB600).Then,each one was mixed into sand at 1%,3%,5%(w/w)dose,*** experiment was performed in 8 days of incubation,when the number of germinated seeds and the average radicle length were *** evaluate the metabolome,the dry biomass(DB)was subjected to extraction with a mixture of methanol-d4 and D2O(1:1 v/v).The extracts were submitted to metabolomics analysis by Proton Nuclear Magnetic *** Relative Germination,Relative Average Radicle Growth and Germination Index increased in all treatments compared to *** the other hand,the DB increased in all treatments,except for SCB300,at doses of 1%and 3%w/*** metabolites(alanine,asparagine,acetic acid,citric acid,glycerol,fatty acids and sucrose)were identified and quantified in DB extracts as the most influential finding for the separation of *** together,these results strongly suggested that biochars accelerated the catabolism of triacylglycerols to sucrose and induced a slight osmotic stress.

关键词： Germination Metabolomics 1H NMR Pyrolysis Sugarcane bagasse

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Bulking Up the Bay-Position Substituents enables enhanced Selectivity of C_(s)‑Symmetric Boron Subphthalocyanine−Subnaphthalocyanine Hybrids

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第4期2卷 161-181页

作者： Nina F.Farac alan J.Lough Timothy P.Bender Department of Chemical engineering and Applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E5Canada Department of Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3H6Canada Department of Materials Science and engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E4Canada Department of Mechanical and Industrial engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3G8Canada

The precise synthesis of subporphyrinoid hybrids withπ-expanded topologies and unique material properties plays a promising role in the design of functional ***,selective,and controllable routes to boron subphthalocyanine−subnaphthalocyanine hybrids,Bsub(Pc_(3‑p)-Nc_(p))s,are desirable for this purpose yet synthetically challenging due to random mixtures of C_(s-),C_(3v-),and,in some cases,C_(1)-symmetric compounds that form during traditional statistical mixed ***,we addressed this issue by developing a sterically driven mixed cyclotrimerization with enhanced selectivity for the targeted C_(s)-symmetric hybrid and complete suppression of sterically crowded macrocyclic *** process,coupled with a rationally designed precursor bearing bulky phenyl substituents,enabled the synthesis and characterization of bay-position phenylated Ph_(2)-(R_(p))_(8)Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))hybrids with halogens(Rp=Cl or F)in their peripheral isoindole *** selectivity ranged between 59 and 72%with remarkable yields,significantly higher than that of conventional mixed *** findings were augmented by theoretical calculations on precursor Lewis basicity as guiding principles into hybrid macrocycle ***,the incorporation of unfused phenyl groups and halogen atoms into the hybrid framework resulted in fine-tuned optical,structural,electronic,and electrochemical *** straightforward approach achieved improved selectivity and controlled narrowing of the product distribution,affording the efficient synthesis of structurally sophisticated Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))*** then expands the library of 3-dimensionalπ-extended macrocycles for use in a range of applications,such as in optoelectronic devices with precisely tailored optical properties.

关键词： subphthalocyanine hybrids low-symmetry aromatic macrocycle selective cyclotrimerization sterically driven chemistry broad absorption material properties

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Manipulation of photosensory and circadian signaling restricts phenotypic plasticity in response to changing environmental conditions in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2024年第9期17卷 1458-1471页

作者： Martin William Battle Scott Fraser ewing Cathryn Dickson Joseph Obaje Kristen N.edgeworth Rebecca Bindbeutel Rea LAntoniou-Kourounioti Dmitri A.Nusinow Matthew alan Jones Plant Science Group School of Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK Danforth Plant Science Center St.LouisMO 63132USA Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA Present address:School of Biological and environmental Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L22QPUK

Plants exploit phenotypic plasticity to adapt their growth and development to prevailing environmental *** of light and temperature signals is aided by the circadian system,which provides a temporal *** plasticity provides a selective and competitive advantage in nature but is obstructive during large-scale,intensive agricultural practices since economically important traits(including vegetative growth and flowering time)can vary widely depending on local environmental *** prevents accurate prediction of harvesting times and produces a variable *** this study,we sought to restrict phenotypic plasticity and circadian regulation by manipulating signaling systems that govern plants'responses to environmental *** modeling of plant growth and develop-ment predicted reduced plant responses to changing environments when circadian and light signaling pathways were *** tested this prediction by utilizing a constitutively active allele of the plant photoreceptor phytochrome B,along with disruption of the circadian systemvia mutation of *** found that these manipulations produced plants that are less responsive to light and temper-ature cues and thus fail to anticipate *** engineered plants have uniform vegetative growth and flowering time,demonstrating how phenotypic plasticity can be limited while maintaining plant *** has significant implications for future agriculture in both open fields and controlled environments.

关键词： circadian developmental plasticity phenotypic plasticity external coincidence light temperature

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Quantum-mechanical effects in photoluminescence from thin crystalline gold films

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 783-794页

作者： alan R.Bowman Alvaro Rodríguez echarri Fatemeh Kiani Fadil Iyikanat Ted V.Tsoulos Joel D.Cox Ravishankar Sundararaman F.Javier García de Abajo Giulia Tagliabue Laboratory of Nanoscience for energy Technologies(LNeT) STIÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland ICFO–Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyCastelldefels(Barcelona)Spain. MBI–Max-Born-Institut BerlinGermany. POLIMA–Center for Polariton-driven Light–Matter Interactions University of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark. Danish Institute for Advanced Study University of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark. Department of Materials Science&engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNYUSA. Department of Physics Applied Physicsand AstronomyRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroyNYUSA. ICReA–Institucio Catalana de Recerca i estudis Avancats BarcelonaSpain

Luminescence constitutes a unique source of insight into hot carrier processes in metals,including those in plasmonic nanostructures used for sensing and energy ***,being weak in nature,metal luminescence remains poorly understood,its microscopic origin strongly debated,and its potential for unraveling nanoscale carrier dynamics largely ***,we reveal quantum-mechanical effects in the luminescence emanating from thin monocrystalline gold ***,we present experimental evidence,supported by first-principles simulations,to demonstrate its photoluminescence origin(i.e.,radiative emission from electron/hole recombination)when exciting in the interband *** model allows us to identify changes to the measured gold luminescence due to quantum-mechanical effects as the gold film thickness is ***,such effects are observable in the luminescence signal from flakes up to 40 nm in thickness,associated with the out-of-plane discreteness of the electronic band structure near the Fermi *** qualitatively reproduce the observations with first-principles modeling,thus establishing a unified description of luminescence in gold monocrystalline flakes and enabling its widespread application as a probe of carrier dynamics and light-matter interactions in this *** study paves the way for future explorations of hot carriers and charge-transfer dynamics in a multitude of material systems.

关键词： luminescence quantum crystalline

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Scalable parallel ultrafast optical random bit generation based on a single chaotic microcomb

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 637-644页

作者： Pu Li Qizhi Li Wenye Tang Weiqiang Wang Wenfu Zhang Brent eLittle Sai Tek Chu Kalan Shore Yuwen Qin Yuncai Wang Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology School of Information EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 51006China. Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication Ministry of Education of ChinaGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 51006China. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 51006China. Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers andIntelligent Control System Ministry of EducationTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China. State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710119China. Department of Physics and Materials Science City University of Hong KongHong KongChina. School of electronic engineering Bangor UniversityBangorWales LL571UTUK

Random bit generators are critical for information security,cryptography,stochastic modeling,and *** and scalability are key challenges faced by current physical random bit ***,we propose a massively parallel scheme for ultrafast random bit generation towards rates of order 100 terabit per second based on a single micro-ring resonator.A modulation-instability-driven chaotic comb in a micro-ring resonator enables the simultaneous generation of hundreds of independent and unbiased random bit streams.A proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates that using our method,random bit streams beyond 2 terabit per second can be successfully generated with only 7 comb *** bit rate can be easily enhanced by further increasing the number of comb lines *** approach provides a chip-scale solution to random bit generation for secure communication and high-performance computation,and offers superhigh speed and large scalability.

关键词： resonator random chaotic

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Can crop science really help us to produce more betterquality food while reducing the world-wide environmental footprint of agriculture?

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and engineering 2020年第1期7卷 28-44页

作者： William J.DAVIeS Susan e.WARD alan wilson Lancaster environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLAI 4YQUK Waitrose and Partners Food RetailersWaite HouseBracknellRG128YAUK

This paper reviews recent developments in crop science that can be the basis of a revolution in the global food system but it is also emphasized that such a revolution requires more than changes in food production and *** must more effectively feed a growing global population with a healthy diet while also defining and delivering the kinds of sustainable food systems that will minimise damage to our *** are exciting new developments in crop production biology but much existing crop science can be exploited to increase yields with the aid of a knowledge exchange(Ke)framework requiring the use of new technology now available to most people across the *** discuss novel approaches at both the plant and the crop level that will enhance nutrient and water productivity and we also outline ways in which energy use and greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions can be reduced and labor shortages *** of new biology and new engineering opportunities will require development of public-private partnerships and collaborations across the disciplines to allow us to move effectively from discovery science to practical *** is also important that consumers contribute to the debate over proposed changes to food and farming and so effective Ke mechanisms are required between all relevant communities.

关键词： food security environmental sustainability crop water use efficiency crop science diet and health

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Integrated nano-structured silicon waveguides and devices for high-speed optical communications

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Chinese Optics Letters 2010年第9期8卷 909-917页

作者： alan e. Willner 张林岳洋武晓霞 Department of electrical engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

With progress in fabrication technology, integrated photonics plays an increasingly important role in high-speed optical communications, from monolithic transmitters and receivers for advanced optical modulation formats to on-chip subsystems for optical signal processing. We review our recent work on the highly tailorable physical properties of silicon waveguides for communication and signal processing applications, using slot structures. Controllable chromatic dispersion, nonlinearity, and polarization properties of the waveguides are presented, and the enabled wideband wavelength conversion, optical tunable delay, and signal processing of polarization-multiplexing data channels are discussed.

关键词： mode Integrated nano-structured silicon waveguides and devices for high-speed optical communications high

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Downscaling future climate scenarios to fine scales for hydrologic and ecological modeling and analysis

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ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 109-123页

作者： Lorraine e Flint alan L Flint U.S.Geological Survey Placer Hall6000 J St.SacramentoCA 95819USA

Introduction:evaluating the environmental impacts of climate change on water resources and biological components of the landscape is an integral part of hydrologic and ecological investigations,and the resultant land and resource management in the twenty-first *** of both climate and simulated hydrologic parameters on ecological processes are relevant at scales that reflect the heterogeneity and complexity of *** present,simulations of climate change available from global climate models[GCMs]require downscaling for hydrologic or ecological ***:Using statistically downscaled future climate projections developed using constructed analogues,a methodology was developed to further downscale the projections spatially using a gradient-inverse-distancesquared approach for application to hydrologic modeling at 270-m spatial ***:This paper illustrates a methodology to downscale and bias-correct national GCMs to subkilometer scales that are applicable to fine-scale environmental *** scenarios were chosen to bracket the range of future emissions put forth by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ***-scale applications of downscaled datasets of ecological and hydrologic correlations to variation in climate are ***:The methodology,which includes a sequence of rigorous analyses and calculations,is intended to reduce the addition of uncertainty to the climate data as a result of the downscaling while providing the fine-scale climate information necessary for ecological *** results in new but consistent data sets for the US at 4 km,the southwest US at 270 m,and California at 90 m and illustrates the utility of fine-scale downscaling to analyses of ecological processes influenced by topographic complexity.

关键词： downscaling climate change spatial scale scenarios

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