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Determining the Optimum Inflow Rates for micro-flood Irrigation on the Tukulu Soil

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2014年第8期4卷 633-649页

The performance of micro flood irrigation （mFI） under different inflow rates was evaluated on 90 m closed ended furrows in the South African Tukulu soil. A single irrigation was used to characterise the surface and subsurface soil water distribution from the 20, 40, 80 and 160 L/min inflow rates treatments. Neutron access tubes were installed to a depth of 1 m at every 10 m distance interval starting at 5 m from the furrow inlet. Soil water content measurements were taken using the Waterman neutron water meter. The HYDRUS-2D software was also used to provide insight on irrigated furrows soil water content and subsurface water distribution. The 20 L/min produced a stream flow that could advance up to the 60 m furrow distance. The stream flow from the rest of the inflow rates were able to reach the furrow end with the 180 L/min recording the fastest advance time of 23 min. The 20 L/min and 40 L/min had recession period of less than 7 min while the 80 L/rain and 160 L/min lasted more than an hour. Distribution uniformity （DU） at longer furrow distances was the highest from the 80 L/min and 160 L/min with the 20 L/min and 40 L/min recorded similar performances at shorter distances. The 40 L/rain was one of the smaller inflow rates that recorded the highest DU of 0.96 for the generated average infiltrated depth of the 30 m long furrow and therefore should be adopted for furrow distances of less than 60 m on the Tukulu soil.

关键词： Short furrow irrigation infiltrated depth HYDRUS-2D distribution uniformity.

Study of a Kit of GSm Radio Operator Site for Event-Driven movable Coverage: Application to the Deployment of a Site of the Orange Operator in Ivory Coast

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2011年第11期4卷 744-755页

作者： Sié Ouattara Georges Laussane Loum Koné Adama alain Clément 不详

The mobile communication is nowadays one of the basic needs of humanity. It is essential to the flourishing of human beings. Considering this reality, the need to use its mobile phone is become more important and diversified. The subscribers of the various mobile telephone operators are increasingly demanding. This situation poses the problems of the cover mobile network to the operators and leads them to opt for several solutions and investments. The mobile operators in order to satisfy their customers use a policy of pushing the limits of network coverage in time and space for festive moments in targeted zones. Thus, we have conducted a study on the topic: study of a kit of GSm radio site for event-driven movable coverage. This work is applied to GSm (Global system mobile) network of the operator Orange-Ci, leader of mobile telephony in Ivory Coast. We thus proceeded under investigation initially of the various aspects of the ordinary sites (motionless radio site) which are already deployed with Orange-Ci in order to impregnate us infrastructures and equipment used. This study revealed us that a radio site comprises 4 parts: infrastructures, installations and energy equipments, installations and radio equipments, and installations and equipment of transmission. After the first analysis, we made a study of the movable site. The study of the movable site enabled us to see the various possible solutions to fulfill the basic functions of a movable radio site. After analysis we retained that our radio site will be built on a truck on which a mast of 25 m maximum length for the antennas will be embarked, it will be fed by a generator also embarked on the truck and the solution of transmission selected is the transmission by satellite more precisely technology VSAT. We choose the various equipments (radio, transmission, energy) according to features which we defined to constitute the kit of movable radio site.

关键词： movable GSm Radio Site Deployment Kit movable Coverage Even-Driven Generator Battery

Normal and abnormal spine and thoracic cage development

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2013年第4期4卷 167-174页

作者： Federico Canavese alain Dimeglio Pediatric Surgery Pediatric Surgery Department University Hospital Estaing Faculté de médecine Université de Montpellier

Development of the spine and thoracic cage consists of a complex series of events involving multiple metabolic processes, genes and signaling pathways. During growth, complex phenomena occur in rapid succession. This succession of events, this establishment of elements, is programmed according to a hierarchy. These events are well synchronized to maintain harmonious limb, spine and thoracic cage relationships, as growth in the various body segments does not occur simultaneously at the same magnitude or rate. In most severe cases of untreated progressive earlyonset spinal deformities, respiratory insufficiency and pulmonary and cardiac hypertension(cor pulmonale), which characterize thoracic insufficiency syndrome(TIS), can develop, sometimes leading to death. TIS is the inability of the thorax to ensure normal breathing. This clinical condition can be linked to costo-vertebral malformations(e.g., fused ribs, hemivertebrae, congenital bars), neuromuscular diseases(e.g., expiratory congenital hypotonia), Jeune or Jarcho-Levin syndromes or to 50% to 75% fusion of the thoracic spine before seven years of age. Complex spinal deformities alter normal growth plate development, and vertebral bodies become progressively distorted, perpetuating the disorder. Therefore, many scoliotic deformities can become growth plate disorders over time. This review aims to provide a comprehensive review of how spinal deformities can affect normal spine and thoracic cage growth. Previous conceptualizations are integrated with more recent scientific data to provide a better understanding of both normal and abnormal spine and thoracic cage growth.

关键词： Spine Thorax Thoracic cage Growth Early-onset spinal deformity Children

Rapid HPLC method for Determination of Parachloroaniline in Chlorhexidine Antiseptic Agent in mouthrinses, Ophthalmic and Skin Solution

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2011年第4期2卷 422-428页

作者： alain Nicolay Estelle Wolff marie-France Vergnes Jacques Kaloustian Henri Portugal 不详

We described a simple and rapid method to quantify simultaneously chlorhexidine (CHD) and its major metabolite, para Chloroaniline (pCA) by HPLC with UV detection without the additional need of mobile-phase amine modifiers or ion-pairing reagents, with good resolution between pCA and CHD, symmetry peak of the compound and short run time. HPLC-UV analyses were performed using a Dionex? Summit liquid chromatograph (Dionex Corp, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Chromatographic separations were carried out on a Luna? 150 mm×3 mm i.d. column packed with 3 μm CN (cyano) particles (Phenomenex?), guarded by an on-line filter. mobile phase consist of methanol:water with sodium chloride with 0.02% of formic acid (55:45). Wavelengths for pCA and for CHD are 238 and 255 nm respectively. Influence of methanol and of sodium chloride content in the eluant has been studied. Linearity of CHD is very good, from 0.5 up to 21.2 μg/l while linearity of pCA is in the range of 0.05 to 10 μg/l with correlation coefficients above 0.999. Resolution between the components is above 4, asymmetry is about 1.3 and 1.7 for pCA and CHD respectively and the run time is less than 5 minutes. This method has been applied to CHD solution of different medical devices. No interference has been reported, and the analysis of direct injection of solution, without any treatment is achieved in less than five *** conclusion, we present a validated method for dosage of CHD and its major impurity pCA, known to be carcinogen, available into medical products or medicinal device for in-vitro diagnostic.

关键词： Chlorhexidine Chloroaniline HPLC

Study of the Porosity of the Tiles out of Vibrated mortar by microstructural Analysis

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2014年第2期2卷 150-156页

作者： Chakirou Akanho Toukourou Gontrand Comlan Bagan Adolphe D. Tchehouali alain Vautrin Département mécanique et matériaux (m&m/ENS-mE) St-Etienne France Laboratoire d’Energétique et de mécanique Appliquée (LEmA/EPAC) Cotonou Bénin

The promotion and the popularization of the micro concrete tiles in any locality obligation with a will of durable development pass by a standard of quality, which is based on the results of scientific and technical research taking account of local specificities. This work proposes to study the porosity of the micro concrete by micro structural analysis. From this study, it comes out that the variation of porosity compared to the ratio of the fine gravels (s/(s + g)) is decreasing. Indeed more the granular ratio increases less low is the density of pores of material. The decrease of porosity according to the granular rate is not infinite;it tends towards a minimum starting from a rate of fine gravel close to 50%. The results obtained justify well the ratio of fine gravel practised by tileries.

关键词： micro Concrete Tile Porosity micro Structural Analysis G Volume of Fine Gravel S Volume of Sand

A Three-Dimensional Performance measurement model for Cloud Computing

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2018年第5期11卷 235-248页

作者： Luis Eduardo Bautista Villalpando alain Abran Anderson Ravanello Arturo Elías Ramírez Department of Electronic Systems Autonomous University of Aguascalientes Aguascalientes Mexico Department of Software Engineering and Information Technology ETS—University of Quebec Montreal Canada

New paradigms for processing and storing data such as cloud computing require new approaches for the measurement of cloud service performance. To establish a Service Level Agreement (SLA) between a cloud service provider and its customers, the cloud services and their service level objectives need to be identified. An additional challenge in the performance measurement of cloud services is the lack of models that integrate the different perspectives of providers, maintainers and customers within the same model in order to define the concepts commonly used in cloud SLA contracts. This work proposes a three-dimensional Performance measurement model for Cloud Computing (P2m2C-3D) which consolidates performance measurement from the perspectives of providers, maintainers and customers for the different types of cloud services.

关键词： Cloud Computing Performance measurement model Services maintenance QoS SLA

Impact of Heart Rot of <i>Pericopsis elata</i>(Harms) Van meeuwen on Yield at Harvest in Production Forests in South-Eastern Cameroon

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Open Journal of Forestry 2021年第3期11卷 315-329页

作者： René Samuel Gweth Likaa Godswill Ntsomboh-Ntsefong Fridolin Choula Nnanga m. Ruth Laure François Essouma manga Jean-Lagarde Betti alain Dongmo Ndongo Din Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaounde 1 Yaounde Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Yaounde Cameroon Department of Biology of Animal Organisms Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon

This study of the impact of heart rot of Pericopsis elata on logging yield was conducted in Libongo, in three logging concessions of the Société d'Exploitation Forestière et Agricole du Cameroun (SEFAC). An inventory of 92 P. elata stumps in four Annual Cutting Areas (AACs) divided among three Forest Management Units (FMUs) distinguished by Minimum Operating Diameter (MOD) revealed that 22 stumps were rotten. Decay was visible on stumps with a diameter of more than 100 cm with a frequency of occurrence of 23.91%, a percentage of abandonment of 55.20% and a yield of 44.79%. The most important economic loss was revealed on 9 abandoned whole logs that cumulated a volume of 145.547 m3. The correlation between the diameter of the stumps and that of the decay gives a coefficient or correlation rate r = 0.31. The MOD for P. elata could be 80 cm and covers the biological risk class. The results indicate that P. elata shows an increasing gradient of decay rate with increasing tree diameter, resulting in a loss of material for larger diameter trees, and consequently a decrease in material yield at processing.

关键词： Pericopsis elata minimum Operating Diameter Heart Rot Stump material Yield

New Geological and Hydrogeological Information on the Eastern Border of the Gondo Plain （Burkina Faso）

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2015年第12期4卷 649-656页

作者： Youssouf Koussoube Samuel Nakolendousse Pierre Ribstein Roger Guerin Suzanne Yameogo alain Nindaoua Savadogo Department of Earth Sciences University of Ouagadougou Ouagadougou 09-848 Burkina Faso UmR metis Sorbonne Universities Paris 75052 France

The Gondo plain lies between mali and Burkina Faso and it is in interland basin into the West African Craton. Since 2003, this study has been carried out two research projects on the southwest part of the plain, where the piezometric levels are very low （50 m to 100 m）. It has two main purposes： find water resources to provide drinking water supply to Ouahigouya town and assess the exploitation possibility of the deep aquifer for rural water supply. Combined methods were used to reach the objectives of this study--remote sensing, geology, geophysics （electromagnetism and resistivity methods）, hydrochemistry and isotope chemistry. So, the methodology allows to specify the geology and the tectonic of the eastern border of the basin, identify and characterize the different aquifers and their relationships. Through the implementation of 250 m deep drilled boreholes, this study reveals that the water level of the lower Cambrian limestones can be under pressure below the continental terminal deposits. The study highlights paleo-karstic zones in the Gondo plain and shows that water chemistry and isotope chemistry can be used to differentiate water sheets and evaluate their recharge.

关键词： Gondo plain aquifers geophysics trial water drilling isotopic chemistry piezometric.

木质素化学改性抑制杨木碱性过氧化氢机械浆返色的研究(英文)

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林产化学与工业 2000年第3期20卷 51-59页

作者：房桂干 CASTELLAN alain BERNARD De Jéso 沈兆邦中国林业科学研究院制浆造纸研究开发中心江苏南京210042 法国波尔多大学波尔多f33405 中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所江苏南京210042

中试系统制备了杨木碱性过氧化氢机械浆。分别在水相 /有机溶剂相 /气相等条件下 ,使用乙酐处理杨木化机浆 (原浆及硼氢化钠还原后纸浆 ) ,分别抄造成 60g/m2 纸片 ,测定了不同时间紫外线照射后试样白度。运用返色值 (PCno .)和白度稳... 详细信息

中试系统制备了杨木碱性过氧化氢机械浆。分别在水相 /有机溶剂相 /气相等条件下 ,使用乙酐处理杨木化机浆 (原浆及硼氢化钠还原后纸浆 ) ,分别抄造成 60g/m2 纸片 ,测定了不同时间紫外线照射后试样白度。运用返色值 (PCno .)和白度稳定效果 (BSE)等指标评价处理后浆料的光学稳定性。研究结果表明 ,有机溶剂相和气相乙酰化后的纸浆 ,光学稳定性的提高程度取决于乙酐用量和反应时间即乙酰化程度。通过乙酰化 ,可以获取光学完全稳定的杨木化机浆。紫外漫射反射光谱表明 ,杨木APmP机械浆光诱导返色的主要原因是纸浆木质素中羰基和酚羟基团吸收紫外光后变化形成发色结构所致。还原配合纸浆乙酰化处理。

关键词：杨木碱性过氧化氢机械浆木质素改性返色