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细菌基因在哺乳动物细胞中的表达

中国生物工程杂志 1981年第4期 14-20页

作者： R.C.Mulligan p.berg 洪榕

纯系繁殖的编码黄嘌呤—鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖基转移酶的大肠杆菌(***)基因,同一系列的由SV40DNA衍生的不同载体构成重组体DNA。用这样的重组体DNA转染培养的猴肾细胞,结果产生的转化体能合成大量的易于测定的大肠杆菌黄嘌呤—鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖... 详细信息

纯系繁殖的编码黄嘌呤—鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖基转移酶的大肠杆菌(***)基因,同一系列的由SV40DNA衍生的不同载体构成重组体DNA。用这样的重组体DNA转染培养的猴肾细胞,结果产生的转化体能合成大量的易于测定的大肠杆菌黄嘌呤—鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖基转移酶。而且,把这种细菌基因引进到嘌呤核苷酸合成特性缺陷的人莱许—奈恩(Lesch-Nyhan)细胞,这些细胞的此种生理缺陷便得到了纠正。

关键词：哺乳动物细胞基因组糖基转移酶染色体组基因编码序列大肠埃希氏菌埃希氏杆菌属大肠杆菌重组体 DNA 奈恩

A CalCULUS FOR SERVICES INNOVATION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2007年第2期16卷 129-165页

作者： James M. TIEN Daniel berg Department of Decision Sciences and Engineering Systems Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York USA

Innovation in the services area - especially in the electronic services （e-services） domain - can be systematically developed by first considering the strategic drivers and foci, then the tactical principles and enablers, and finally the operational decision attributes, all of which constitute a process or calculus of services innovation. More specifically, there are four customer drivers （i.e., collaboration, customization, integration and adaptation）, three business foci （i.e., creation-focused, solution-focused and competition-focused）, six business principles （i.e., reconstruct market boundaries, focus on the big picture not numbers, reach beyond existing demand, get strategic sequence right, overcome organizational hurdles and build execution into strategy）, eight technical enablers （i.e., software algorithms, automation, telecommunication, collaboration, standardization, customization, organization, and globalization）, and six attributes of decision informatics （i.e., decision-driven, information-based, real-time, continuously-adaptive, customer-centric and computationally-intensive）. It should be noted that the four customer drivers are all directed at empowering the individual - that is, at recognizing that the individual can, respectively, contribute in a collaborative situation, receive customized or personalized attention, access an integrated system or process, and obtain adaptive real-time or just-in-time input. The developed process or calculus serves to identify the potential white spaces or blue oceans for innovation. In addition to expanding on current innovations in services and related experiences, white spaces are identified for possible future innovations; they include those that can mitigate the unforeseen consequences or abuses of earlier innovations, safeguard our rights to privacy, protect us from the always-on, interconnected world, provide us with an authoritative search engine, and generate a GDp metric that can adequately measure the gro

关键词： Services innovation decision informatics software algorithms automation globalization collaboration customization integration adaptation standardization telecommunication organization business principles

Functionalized monodisperse microbubble production:microfluidic method for fast,controlled,and automated removal of excess coating material

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第4期10卷 391-401页

作者： M.R.p.van den Broek M.Versluis A.van den berg T.Segers BIOS/Lab on a Chip Group Max Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid DynamicsUniversity of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands physics of Fluids Group University of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands

Functionalized monodisperse microbubbles have the potential to boost the sensitivity and efficacy of molecular ultrasound imaging and targeted drug delivery using bubbles and *** bubbles can be produced in a microfluidic flow focusing ***,their functionalization and sequential use require removal of the excess lipids from the bubble suspension to minimize the use of expensive ligands and to avoid competitive binding and blocking of the receptor *** date,excess lipid removal is performed by centrifugation,which is labor intensive and challenging to *** importantly,as we show,the increased hydrostatic pressure during centrifugation can reduce bubble ***,we introduce a novel automated microfluidic’washing’***,bubbles are injected in a microfluidic chamber 1mm in height where they are left to float against the top ***,lipid-free medium is pumped through the chamber to remove excess lipids while the bubbles remain located at the top ***,the washed bubbles are resuspended and removed from the device into a collection *** demonstrate that the present method can(i)reduce the excess lipid concentration by 4 orders of magnitude,(ii)be fully automated,and(iii)be performed in minutes while the size distribution,functionality,and acoustic response of the bubbles remain ***,the presented method is a gateway to the fully automated production of functionalized monodisperse microbubbles.

关键词： bubble fluid method

Small-Scale Mineralogical Heterogeneity from Variations in phase Assemblages in the Transition Zone and D" Layer predicted by Convection Modelling

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Journal of Earth Science 2011年第2期22卷 160-168页

作者： Arie p van den berg David A Yuen Michael H G Jacobs Maarten V de Hoop Earth Sciences Department Utrecht University Department of Geology and Geophysics and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55415USA Institut für Metallurgie TU ClausthalClausthal-ZellerfeldGermany Department of Mathematics and Center of Applied and Computational Mathematics Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA

Small-scale heterogeneity in the deep mantle is concentrated in the upper-mantle transition zone （TZ）, in the depth range 410-660 km and also at the bottom 250 km D＂ region. This encourages a more detailed investigation of the potential for seismic reflectivity imaging by modelling heterogeneous structures in mantle convection models including phase transitions of the TZ and D＂ regions. We applied finite elements with variable spacing near the boundary layers in 2-D cylindrical geometry that allow for sufficient spatial resolution. We investigated several models including an extended Boussinesq （EBA） model, focused on the D＂ region, and a compressible （alA） model for the TZ region. The results for the D＂ region show typical lens-shaped structures of post-perovskite （ppV） embedded in the perovskite （pV） background mantle, where the thickness of the lenses, at 200-400 km, strongly depends on the Clapeyron slope of the pV-ppV transition. A second phase transition （double crossing） occurs in case the core temperature is higher than the intercept temperature Ti. Our phase-dependent rheology results in contrasting effective viscosity between pV and ppV. Our model results reveal a distinctly clear mechanical weakening of the ppV lenses with about an order of magnitude lower viscosity. The shear wave-speed distributions computed from our convection results are strongly correlated with the heterogeneous distribution of the mineral phase. Gradients in the seismic wave-speed that are the target of seismological reflectivity imaging are clearly revealed. The wave-speed results show a clear resolution of the top and bottom interfaces of the ppV lenses. Our alA model for the TZ is based on a thermodynamical model for the magnesium end- member of an olivine-pyroxene mantle. The model predicts a much more complex distribution of mineral phases, compared to our D＂ results, in agreement with the greater number of mineral phases involved in the olivine-pyroxene phase diagram for the p

关键词： mantle convection phase transition post-perovskite mineralogical heterogeneity.

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Second-generation direct-acting-antiviral hepatitis C virus treatment: Efficacy, safety, and predictors of SVR12

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第35期22卷 8050-8059页

作者： Christoph R Werner Julia M Schwarz Daniel p Egetemeyr Robert Beck Nisar p Malek Ulrich M Lauer Christoph p.berg Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectiology University Hospital Tübingen Institute of Medical Virology University Hospital Tübingen

AIM To gather data on the antiviral efficacy and safety of second generation direct acting antiviral(DAA) treatment with respect to sustained virological response(SVR) 12 wk after conclusion of treatment, and to determine predictors of SVR12 in this *** Two hundred and sixty patients treated with SOF combination partners pR(n = 51), R(n = 10), SMV(n = 30), DCV(n = 81), LDV(n = 73), or 3D(n = 15).144/260 were pre-treated, 89/260 had liver cirrhosis, 56/260 had portal hypertension with platelets postliver transplantation patients. 194/260 had HCV GT1, 44/260 HCV *** Two hundred and forty/256(93.7%) patients achieved SVR12(m ITT); 4/260 were lost to follow-up. SVR12 rates for subgroups were: 92% for SOF/DCV, 93% for each SOF/SMV, SOF/pR, 94% for SOF/LDV, 100% for 3D, 94% for pretreated, 87% for liver cirrhosis, 82% for patients with platelets post-liver transplantation, 95% for GT1 a, 93% for GT1 b, 90% for GT3, 100% for GT2, 4, and 6. 12 patients suffered from relapse, 6 prematurely discontinued treatment, of which 4 died. Negative predictors of SVR12 were a platelet count p p = 0.005) at baseline. In Interferonfree treatment GT3 had significantly lower SVR rates than GT1(p = 0.016). Side effects were mild. CONCLUSION Excellent SVR12 rates and the favorable side-effect profile of DAA-combination therapy can be well translated into "real-world". patients with advanced liver disease, signs of portal hypertension, especially with platelets patients with GT3 are in special need for further research efforts to overcome comparatively higher rates of virological failure.

关键词： Sofosbuvir Simeprevir Ledipasvir Hepatitis C Liver transplant Sustained virological response Liver cirrhosis Side effects Resistance Daclatasvir

ON SERVICES RESEARCH AND EDUCATION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2006年第3期15卷 257-283页

作者： James M.TIEN Daniel berg Department of Decision Sciences and Engineering Systems Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

The importance of the services sector can not be overstated; it employs 82.1 percent of the U. S. workforce and 69 percent of graduates from an example technological university. Yet, university research and education have not followed suit. Clearly, services research and education deserve our critical attention and support since services - and services innovation - serve as an indispensable engine for global economic growth. The theme of this paper is that we can and should build services research and education on what has occurred in manufacturing research （especially in regard to customization and intellectual property） and education; indeed, services and manufactured goods become indistinguishable as they are jointly co-produced in real-time. Fortunately, inasmuch as manufacturing concepts, methodologies and technologies have been developed and refined over a long period of time （i.e., since the 1800s）, the complementary set of concepts, methodologies and technologies for services are more obvious. However, while new technologies （e.g., the Internet） and globalization trends have served to enable, if not facilitate, services innovation, the same technologies （e.g., the Internet） and 21st Century realities （e.g., terrorism） are making services innovation a far more complex problem and, in fact, may be undermining previous innovations in both services and manufacturing. Finally, there is a need to define a ＂knowledge-adjusted＂ GDp metric that can more adequately measure the growing knowledge economy, one driven by intangible ideas and services innovation.

关键词： Services manufacturing customization innovation education intellectual property

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Unsupervised learning of charge-discharge cycles from various lithium-ion battery cells to visualize dataset characteristics and to interpret model performance

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Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 397-405页

作者： Akihiro Yamashita Sascha berg Egbert Figgemeier Helmholtz Institute Münster:Ionics in Energy Storage(IMD-4/HI MS) Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany Institute for power Electronics and Electrical Drives(ISEA) RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany Jülich Aachen Research alliance JARA-EnergyGermany

Machine learning (ML) is a rapidly growing tool even in the lithium-ion battery (LIB) research field. To utilize this tool, more and more datasets have been published. However, applicability of a ML model to different information sources or various LIB cell types has not been well studied. In this paper, an unsupervised learning model called variational autoencoder (VAE) is evaluated with three datasets of charge-discharge cycles with different conditions. The model was first trained with a publicly available dataset of commercial cylindrical cells, and then evaluated with our private datasets of commercial pouch and hand-made coin cells. These cells used different chemistry and were tested with different cycle testers under different purposes, which induces various characteristics to each dataset. We report that researchers can recognise these characteristics with VAE to plan a proper data preprocessing. We also discuss about interpretability of a ML model.

关键词： Unsupervised learning Dimensionality reduction Inductive bias .Machine learning Variational autoencoder

A CASE FOR SERVICE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

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Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2003年第1期12卷 13-38页

作者： James M.TIEN Daniel berg Department of Decision Sciences and Engineering Systems Rensselaer polytechnic Institute Troy New York 12110-3590U.S.A.Department of Decision Sciences and Engineering Systems Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNew York 12110-3590U.S.A.

A case is made for further developing a branch of systems engineering that focuses on problems and issues which arise in the service sector. We promulgate this special focus not only because of the size and importance of the service sector but also because of the unique opportunities that systems engineering can exploit in the design and joint production and delivery of services. We begin by considering the economic, technological and demographic contexts within which the service sector has flourished; we then address both services, especially emerging services, and systems engineering, followed by a discussion of how to advance the field of service systems engineering, and concluding with several remarks. In particular, a number of service systems engineering methods are identified to enhance the design and production/delivery of services, especially taking advantage of the unique features that characterize services - namely, services, especially emerging services, are information-driven, customer-centric, e-oriented, and productivity-focused.

关键词： Service sector systems engineering information technology decision technologies customer-centric productivity

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Ab initio prediction of fast non-equilibrium transport of nascent polarons in SrI2: a key to high-performance scintillation

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npj Computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 77-83页

作者： Fei Zhou Babak Sadigh paul Erhart Daniel Åberg physical and Life Sciences Directorate Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCAUSA Department of physics Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden

The excellent light yield proportionality of europium-doped strontium iodide(SrI2:Eu)has resulted in state-of-the-artγ-ray detectors with remarkably high-energy resolution,far exceeding that of most halide *** this class of materials,the formation of self-trapped hole polarons is very ***,polaron formation is usually expected to limit carrier mobilities and has been associated with poor scintillator light-yield proportionality and *** using a recently developed first-principles method,we perform an unprecedented study of polaron transport in SrI2,both for equilibrium polarons,as well as nascent polarons immediately following a self-trapping *** propose a rationale for the unexpected high-energy resolution of *** identify nine stable hole polaron configurations,which consist of dimerised iodine pairs with polaron-binding energies of up to 0.5 *** are connected by a complex potential energy landscape that comprises 66 unique nearest-neighbour migration *** initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that a large fraction of polarons is born into configurations that migrate practically barrier free at room ***,carriers created duringγ-irradiation can quickly diffuse away reducing the chance for nonlinear recombination,the primary culprit for non-proportionality and resolution *** conclude that the flat,albeit complex,landscape for polaron migration in SrI2 is a key for understanding its outstanding *** insight provides important guidance not only for the future development of high-performance scintillators but also of other materials,for which large polaron mobilities are crucial such as batteries and solid-state ionic conductors.

关键词： polaron equilibrium iodine