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The role of extracorporeal life support and timing of repair in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 90-99页

作者： Daniel b Gehle Logan C Meyer Tim Jancelewicz Le bonheur Children's Hospital University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA

Extracorporeal life support(ECLS)serves as a rescue therapy for patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH)and severe cardiopulmonary failure,and only half of these patients survive to *** costly intervention has a significant complication risk and is reserved for patients with the most severe disease physiology refractory to maximal cardiopulmonary *** contraindications to ECLS do exist such as coagulopathy,lethal chromosomal or congenital anomaly,very preterm birth,or very low birth weight,but many of these limits are being evaluated through further *** guidelines from the past decade vary in recommendations for ECLS use in patients with CDH but this therapy appears to have a survival benefit in the most severe subset of *** outcomes have been observed for patients treated at high-volume *** review details the evolving literature surrounding management paradigms for timing of CDH repair for patients receiving preoperative *** recent data support early repair following cannulation to avoid non-repair which is uniformly fatal in this *** ECLS runs are associated with decreased survival,and patient physiology should guide ECLS weaning and eventual decannulation rather than limiting patients to arbitrary run *** of care across centers is a major focus to limit unnecessary costs and improve short-term and long-term outcomes for these complex patients.

关键词： congenital life repair

Nearest Neighbor Sampling of Point Sets Using Rays

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1131-1174页

作者： Liangchen Liu Louis Ly Colin b.Macdonald Richard Tsai Department of Mathematics The University of Texas at Austin2515 SpeedwayAustinTX 78712USA Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences The University of Texas at Austin201 E24th StAustinTX 78712USA Department of Mathematics University of British Columbia1984 Mathematics RdVancouverBCV6T1Z2Canada

We propose a new framework for the sampling,compression,and analysis of distributions of point sets and other geometric objects embedded in Euclidean *** approach involves constructing a tensor called the RaySense sketch,which captures nearest neighbors from the underlying geometry of points along a set of *** explore various operations that can be performed on the RaySense sketch,leading to different properties and potential *** information about the data set can be extracted from the sketch,independent of the ray *** integrals on point sets can be efficiently computed using the *** also present several examples illustrating applications of the proposed strategy in practical scenarios.

关键词： Point clouds Sampling Classification Registration Deep learning Voronoi cell analysis

Fat deposition and partitioning for meat production in cattle and sheep

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 376-386页

作者： Shimin Liu Yanyan Yang Hailing Luo Wenjie Pang Graeme b.Martin The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Institute of Animal Husbandry of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences College of Animal Science and Technology of China Agricultural University Resonance Health Burswood

In markets for beef and sheep meat, an appropriate level of intramuscular fat(IMF) is highly desirable for meat-eating quality, but strategies to improve it usually lead to an undesirable excess in carcase fat,presenting a major challenge to livestock producers. To solve this problem, we need to understand the partitioning of fat among the major fat depots: IMF, subcutaneous fat(SCF) and visceral fat(VF). In most genotypes of cattle and sheep, the rate of accretion is lower for IMF than for SCF and VF, so genetic selection for a high level of IMF, or the use of an increased dietary energy supply to promote IMF deposition, will increase overall fatness and feed costs. On the other hand, feeding postnatal calves with excessive concentrates promotes IMF deposition, so a nutritional strategy is feasible. With genetic strategies, several problems arise: 1) positive genetic correlations between IMF, SCF and VF differ among genotypes in both cattle and sheep; 2) genotypes appear to have specific, characteristic rates of accretion of IMF during periods of growth and fattening; 3) most breeds of cattle and sheep naturally produce meat with relatively low levels of IMF, but IMF does vary substantially among individuals and breeds so progress is possible through accurate measurement of IMF. Therefore, an essential prerequisite for selection will be knowledge of the genetic correlations and fat accretion rates for each genotype. Currently,selection for IMF is based on existing technology that directly measures IMF in the progeny or siblings, or estimates IMF in live animals. New technology is needed to permit the simultaneous measurement of SCF and IMF in the field, thus opening up the possibility of accurate selection, particularly for fat partitioning in live animals. Specifically, there would be great value in detecting individuals with an IMF advantage at an early age so the generation interval could be shortened and genetic gain accelerated. Genetic gain would also be grea

关键词： Fat depot Fat partition Intramuscular fat Feed efficiency bovine Ovine

biopolymer stabilization of clayey soil

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2801-2812页

作者： Mahdieh Azimi Amin Soltani Mehdi Mirzababaei Mark b.Jaksa Nanjappa Ashwath College of Engineering and Aviation School of Engineering and TechnologyCQUniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Institute of Innovation Science and Sustainabilityand Future Regions Research CenterFederation UniversityChurchillVIC 3842Australia Department of Infrastructure Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia School of Architecture and Civil Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia School of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCQUniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia

This study investigates the efficacy of sodium alginate(SA),xanthan gum(XG),guar gum(GG)and chitosan(CS)d each applied at five different solid biopolymer-to-water mass ratios(or dosages)and cured for 7 d and 28 d d on the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)performance of a high plasticity clayey ***,on identifying the optimum biopolymer-treatment scenarios,their performance was compared against conventional stabilization using hydrated *** a given curing time,the UCS for all biopolymers followed a riseefall trend with increasing biopolymer dosage,peaking at an optimum dosage and then subsequently decreasing,such that all biopolymer-stabilized samples mobilized higher UCS values compared to the unamended *** optimum dosage was found to be 1.5%for SA,XG and CS,while a notably lower dosage of 0.5%was deemed optimum for ***,for a given biopolymer type and dosage,increasing the curing time from 7 d to 28 d further enhanced the UCS,with the achieved improvements being generally more pronounced for XG-and CS-treated *** of the investigated biopolymers was able to produce UCS improvements equivalent to those obtained by the 28-d soilelime samples;however,the optimum XG,GG and CS dosages,particularly after 28 d of curing,were easily able to replicate 7-d lime stabilization outcomes achieved with as high as twice the soil’s lime ***,the fundamental principles of clay chemistry,in conjunction with the soil mechanics framework,were employed to identify and discuss the clayebiopolymer stabilization mechanisms.

关键词： Soil stabilization High plasticity clay biopolymer dosage Hydrated lime Curing time Unconfined compressive strength(UCS)

Mitigating Urban Heat Island Effects: A Review of Innovative Pavement Technologies and Integrated Solutions

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2024年第5期18卷 525-551页

作者： S.F.Ismael A.H.Alias N.A.Haron b.b.Zaidan Abdulrahman M.Abdulghani Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia Central Region Heavy Civil DivisionGranite ConstructionWoodlandsTexas77381USA SP Jain School of Global Management LidcombeSydneyNSW2141Australia Department of Communication Technology and Network Faculty of Computer Science and Information TechnologyUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang43400Malaysia

In this review paper,we present a thorough investigation into the role of pavement technologies in advancing urban *** analysis traverses the historical evolution of these technologies,meticulously evaluating their socio-economic and environmental impacts,with a particular emphasis on their role in mitigating the urban heat island *** evaluation of pavement types and variables inﬂuencing pavement performance to be used in the multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)framework to choose the optimal pavement application are at the heart of our *** serves to assess a spectrum of pavement options,revealing insights into the most effective and sustainable *** highlighting both the existing challenges and potential innovative solutions within theﬁeld,this paper aims to offer a directional compass for future urban planning and infrastructural *** review not only synthesizes the current state of knowledge but also aims to chart a course for future exploration,emphasizing the critical need for innovative and environmentally sensitive pavement tech-nologies in the creation of resilient and sustainable urban environments.

关键词： Pavement sustainability urban heat island environmental impact of pavements innovative pavement solutions economic and social implications sustainable development in urban areas

Dynamics of a two-group model for assessing the impacts of pre-exposure prophylaxis,testing and risk behaviour change on the spread and control of HIV/AIDS in an MSM population

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 103-127页

作者： Queen Tollett Salman Safdar Abba b.Gumel School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA Department of Mathematics University of KarachiUniversity Road75270Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of MarylandCollege ParkMD20742USA Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of PretoriaPretoria0002South Africa

Although much progress has been made in reducing the public health burden of the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),since its emergence in the 1980s(largely due to the large-scale use and availability of potent antiviral therapy,improved diagnostic and intervention and mitigation measures),HIV remains an important public health challenge globally,including in the United *** study is based on the use of mathematical modeling approaches to assess the population-level impact of pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP),voluntary testing(to detect undetected HIV-infected individuals),and changes in human behavior(with respect to risk structure),on the spread and control of HIV/AIDS in an MSM(men-who-have sex-with-men)***,a novel two-group mathematical model,which stratifies the total MSM population based on risk(low or high)of acquisition of HIV infection,is *** model undergoes a PrEP-induced backward bifurcation when the control reproduction number of the model is less than one if the efficacy of PrEP to prevent a high-risk susceptible MSM individual from acquiring HIV infection is not perfect(the consequence of which is that,while necessary,having the reproduction number of the model less than one is no longer sufficient for the elimination of the disease in the MSM population).For the case where the efficacy of PrEP is perfect,this study shows that the disease-free equilibrium of the two-group model is globally-asymptotically stable when the associated control reproduction number of the model is less than *** sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the main parameters of the model that have the highest influence on the value of the control reproduction number of the model(thereby,having the highest influence on the disease burden in the MSM population).Numerical simulations of the model,using a plausible range of parameter values,show that if half of the MSM population co

关键词： HIV/AIDS MS MHigh(low)-risk groups PrEP behavior change Antiviral treatment Control reproduction number

Smart mid-infrared metasurface microspectrometer gas sensing system

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 273-281页

作者： Jiajun Meng Sivacarendran balendhran Ylias Sabri Suresh K.bhargava Kenneth b.Crozier School of Physics University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Australian Research Council(ARC)Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems(TMOS) University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Centre for Advanced Materials&Industrial Chemistry(CAMIC) STEM collegeRMIT UniversityVictoriaAustralia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Smart,low-cost and portable gas sensors are highly desired due to the importance of air quality monitoring for environmental and defense-related ***,electrochemical and nondispersive infrared(IR)gas sensors are designed to detect a single specific *** IR spectroscopy-based sensors provide superior performance,their deployment is limited due to their large size and high *** this study,a smart,low-cost,multigas sensing system is demonstrated consisting of a mid-infrared microspectrometer and a machine learning *** microspectrometer is a metasurface filter array integrated with a commercial IR camera that is consumable-free,compact(~1 cm^(3))and lightweight(~1 g).The machine learning algorithm is trained to analyze the data from the microspectrometer and predict the gases *** system detects the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100%with 100%*** also detects hazardous gases at low concentrations with an accuracy of 98.4%.Ammonia can be detected at a concentration of 100 ***,methyl-ethyl-ketone can be detected at its permissible exposure limit(200 ppm);this concentration is considered low and *** study demonstrates the viability of using machine learning with IR spectroscopy to provide a smart and low-cost multigas sensing platform.

关键词： Smart gases system

Enhancing IoT Data Security with Lightweight blockchain and Okamoto Uchiyama Homomorphic Encryption

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第2期138卷 1731-1748页

作者： Mohanad A.Mohammed Hala b.Abdul Wahab Computer Science Department The University of TechnologyBaghdadIraq

blockchain technology has garnered significant attention from global organizations and researchers due to its potential as a solution for centralized system ***,the Internet of Things(IoT)has revolutionized the Fourth Industrial Revolution by enabling interconnected devices to offer innovative services,ultimately enhancing human *** paper presents a new approach utilizing lightweight blockchain technology,effectively reducing the computational burden typically associated with conventional blockchain *** integrating this lightweight blockchain with IoT systems,substantial reductions in implementation time and computational complexity can be ***,the paper proposes the utilization of the Okamoto Uchiyama encryption algorithm,renowned for its homomorphic characteristics,to reinforce the privacy and security of IoT-generated *** integration of homomorphic encryption and blockchain technology establishes a secure and decentralized platformfor storing and analyzing sensitive data of the supply chain *** platformfacilitates the development of some business models and empowers decentralized applications to perform computations on encrypted data while maintaining data *** results validate the robust security of the proposed system,comparable to standard blockchain implementations,leveraging the distinctive homomorphic attributes of the Okamoto Uchiyama algorithm and the lightweight blockchain paradigm.

关键词： blockchain IoT integration of IoT and blockchain consensus algorithm Okamoto Uchiyama homomorphic encryption lightweight blockchain

A metabolic signalling role for arginine in liver cancer

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Life Metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 1-3页

作者： David Sokolov Lucas b.Sullivan Human biology Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleWA 98109United States

In addition to their canonical roles in biosynthetic pathways,metabolites can be active participants in oncogenic signal-ling,but our understanding of these signalling mechanisms is *** a recent article published in Cell,Mossmann et *** a novel signalling role for accumulated arginine in hepato-cellular carcinoma(HCC)mediated by the RNA splicing factor and transcriptional modifier RNA-binding protein 39(RbM39).

关键词： incomplete cancer