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Diffusion and collective motion of rotlets in 2D space

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第6期29卷 37-43页

作者： Daiki Matsunaga Takumi Chodo Takuma kawai Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University5608531 OsakaJapan

We investigate the collective motion of rotlets that are placed in a single plane. Due to the hydrodynamic interactions,the particles move through the two-dimensional(2D) plane and we analyze these diffusive motions. By analyzing the scaling of the values, we predict that the diffusion coefficient scales with φ0.5, the average velocity with φ, and relaxation time of the velocity autocorrelation function with φ-1.5, where φ is the area fraction of the particles. In this paper, we find that the predicted scaling could be seen only when the initial particle position is homogeneous. The particle collective motions are different by starting the simulation from random initial positions, and the diffusion coefficient is the largest at a minimum volume fraction of our parameter range, φ = 0.05. The deviations based on two initial positions can be explained by the frequency of the collision events. The particles collide during their movements and the inter-particle distances gradually increase. When the area fraction is large, the particles will result in relatively homogeneous configurations regardless of the initial positions because of many collision events. When the area fraction is small(φ < 0.25), on the other hand, two initial positions would fall into different local solutions because the rare collision events would not modify the inter-particle distances drastically. By starting from the homogeneous initial positions, the particles show the maximum diffusion coefficient at φ≈ 0.20. The diffusion coefficient starts to decrease from this area fraction because the particles start to collide and hinder each other from a critical fraction ~23%. We believe our current work contributes to a basic understanding of the collective motion of rotating units.

关键词： rotlet diffusion Stokes flow

Availability of MCNP & MATLAB for reconstructing the water-vapor two-phase flow pattern in neutron radiography

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2008年第5期19卷 282-289页

作者： FENG Qixi FENG Quanke TAKESHI kawai School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi＇an Jiaotong University Xi＇an 710049 China

The China Advanced Research Reactor (CARR) is scheduled to be operated in the autumn of *** this paper,we report preparations for installing the neutron radiography instrument (NRI) and for utilizing it efficiently. The 2-D relative neutron intensity profiles for the water-vapor two-phase flow inside the robe were obtained using the MCNP code without influence of y-ray and *** MCNP simulation of the 2-D neutron intensity profile for the water-vapor two-phase flow was *** simulated 2-D neutron intensity profiles could be used as the benchmark data base by calibrating part of the data measured by the *** 3-D objective images allow us to understand the flow pattern more clearly and it is reconstructed using the MATLAB through the threshold transformation *** thus it is concluded that the MCNP code and the MATLAB are very useful for constructing the benchmark data base for the investigation of the water-vapor two-phase flow using the CARR-NRI.

关键词：核反应堆中国先进研究堆中子X射线照相术水汽两相流

Expanding-contracting Earth

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第3期4卷 341-347页

作者： Taku Tsuchiya Kenji kawai Shigenori Maruyama Geodynamic Research Center Ehime UniversityMatsuyamaEhime 790-8577Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of TechnologyMeguroTokyo 152-8551Japan Department of Earth Science University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara 93106CAUSA

The Earth was born from a giant impact at 4.56 Ga. It is generally thought that the Earth subsequently cooled, and hence shrunk, over geologic time. However, if the Earth＇s convection was double-layered, there must have been a peak of expansion during uni-directional cooling. We computed the expansion- contraction effect using first principles mineral physics data. The result shows a radius about 120 km larger than that of the present Earth immediately after the consolidation of the magma-ocean on the surface, and subsequent shrinkage of about 110 km in radius within about 10 m.y., followed by gradual expansion of 11 km in radius due to radiogenic heating in the lower mantle in spite of cooling in the upper mantle in the Archean. This was due to double-layered convection in the Archean with final collapse of overturn with contraction of about g km in radius, presumably by the end of the Archean. Since then, the Earth has gradually cooled down to reduce its radius by around 12 km. Geologic evidence supports the late Archean mantle overturn ca. 2.6 Ga, such as the global distribution of super-liqnidus flood basalts on nearly all cratonic fragments （〉35 examples）. If our inference is correct, the surface environment of the Earth must have undergone extensive volcanism and emergence of local landmasses, because of the thin ocean cover （3-5 km thickness）. Global unconformity appeared in cratonic fragments with stromatolite back to 2.9 Ga with a peak at 2.6 Ga. The global magmatism brought extensive crustal melting to yield explosive felsic volcanism to transport volcanic ash into the stratosphere during the catastrophic mantle overturn. This event seems to be recorded by sulfur mass-independent fractionation （SMIF） at 2.6 Ga. During the mantle overturn, a number of mantle plumes penetrated into the upper mantle and caused local upward doming of by ca. 2-3 km which raised local landmasses above sea-level. The consequent increase of atmospheric oxygen enabled life evolutio

关键词： Mantle overturn Expanding Earth Global unconformity Nutrients Eukaryotes

WORK/LIFE COMMUNITY BY TELEWORK—POSSIBILITIES AND ISSUES IN THE CASE OF LOMA LINDA

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Journal of Green Building 2008年第2期3卷 128-139页

作者： Yoko kawai Penguin Environmental Design L.L.C.in HamdenConnecticut

This paper suggests telework, and work/life community created by it, as potential design tools for the sustainability oflocal communities, and investigates their possibility and issues through a case study of Loma Linda Connected CommunityProgram (LLCCP).A new work/life style enabled by information communication technology (ICT), often called telework, is expandingin the U.S. The environmental impact which this gives on community scale has been neglected. Yet, since teleworkcan give the area economic advancement without huge development, make mixed-use zoning plausible, and grantssense of community, it could bring physical, economic and social sustainability to local ***, as an example of emerging municipal ICT deployment programs, was examined on two levels;i.e. levelof urban policy and of urban design. It was revealed that LLCCP, as an urban policy, has a good potential to createICT-served work/life community, thus to contribute to the smart growth of the city. It does so by promoting new businessesyet small/home ones only, and developing new neighborhoods yet ICT-served work/life communities only. Itslink to regional plans and to the building code which ensures the connectivity in entire city elevate its *** paper also pointed out that city’s urban design strategies are not yet supporting LLCCP toward its goal. Itlacks coordination with teleworkers’ life style, and with spatial system for the entire city. A current design proposaloverlooks teleworkers’ driving habits and their specifi c needs to the types of retails/business-services, for example. Theresult implies that the use of telework in creating sustainable community may have started to be recognized on urbanpolicy level, but that urban/architectural design for it is still behind to be developed.

关键词： sustainability telework information communication technology urban policy urban design

Estrogen receptors as the novel therapeutic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第5期5卷 1020-1027页

作者： Hideki kawai Department of Thoracic Surgery Akita Red Cross Hospital Kamikitate Akita 010-1495 Japan

Although a wide range of studies have addressed the relationship between estrogen receptor(ER) expression and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), that relationship remains controversial. This is in large part because there is no consensus on the rate of ER expression in NSCLC or on the intracellular distribution of ER expression. This suggests that establishing the relationship between ER expression and prognosis will require standardization of the antibodies used as well as the definition of a positive response. For example, it is supposed from previous studies that ERs in the cytoplasm and nucleus have different relationships to prognosis than ERs in the cytoplasm. Moreover, ER signaling in NSCLC is known to be affected by aromatase, progesterone receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor mutation. However, there has been little functional analysis these mutants and subtypes. This review will focus on what is known about the role of ERs in NSCLC and whether ER can be a useful prognostic marker or therapeutic target in NSCLC.

关键词： Estrogen receptor Non-small cell lung cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor Fulvestrant Combined therapy

The second continent:Existence of granitic continental materials around the bottom of the mantle transition zone

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第1期4卷 1-6页

作者： Kenji kawai Shinji Yamamoto Taku Tsuchiya Shigenori Maruyama Department of Earth Science University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of TechnologyOokayama 2-12-1MeguroTokyo 152-8551Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of TechnologyOokayama 2-12-1MeguroTokyo 152-8551.Japan Department of Earth Science and Astronomy Graduate School of Arts and SciencesThe University of TokyoKomaba 3-8-1MeguroTokyo 153-8902Japan Geodynamics Research Center Ehime University.Bunkyo-cho 2-5MatsuyamaEhime 790-8577Japan

It has been thought that granitic crust, having been formed on the surface, must have survived through the Earth＇s evolution because of its buoyancy. At subduction zones continental crust is predominantly created by arc magmatism and is returned to the mantle via sediment subduction, subduction erosion, and continental subduction. Granitic rocks, the major constituent of the continental crust, are lighter than the mantle at depths shallower than 270 km, but we show here, based on first principles calcu- lations, that beneath 270 km they have negative buoyancy compared to the surrounding material in the upper mantle and transition zone, and thus can be subducted in the depth range of 270-660 km. This suggests that there can be two reservoirs of granitic material in the Earth, one on the surface and the other at the base of the mantle transition zone （MTZ）. The accumulated volume of subducted granitic material at the base of the MTZ might amount to about six times the present volume of the continental crust. Our calculations also show that the seismic velocities of granitic material in the depth range from 270 to 660 km are faster than those of the surrounding mantle. This could explain the anomalous seismic-wave velocities observed around 660 km depth. The observed seismic scatterers and reported splitting of the 660 km discontinuity could be due to jadeite dissociation, chemical discontinuities between granitic material and the surrounding mantle, or a combination thereof.

关键词： Continental growthGraniteFirst principlesMantle transition zoneTectonicsGeodynamics

Assessment of delayed bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection of early-stage gastrointestinal tumors in patients receiving direct oral anticoagulants

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第19期29卷 2916-2931页

作者： Mitsushige Sugimoto Masaki Murata Takashi kawai Department of Gastroenterological Endoscopy Tokyo Medical University HospitalTokyo 160-0023Japan Department of Gastroenterology National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical CenterKyoto 612-8555Japan

Delayed bleeding is a major and serious adverse event of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)for early-stage gastrointestinal *** rate of post-ESD bleeding for gastric cancer is higher(around 5%-8%)than that for esophagus,duodenum and colon cancer(around 2%-4%).Although investigations into the risk factors for post-ESD bleeding have identified several procedure-,lesion-,physician-and patient-related factors,use of antithrombotic drugs,especially anticoagulants[direct oral anticoagulants(DOACs)and warfarin],is thought to be the biggest risk factor for post-ESD *** fact,the post-ESD bleeding rate in patients receiving DOACs is 8.7%-20.8%,which is higher than that in patients not receiving ***,because clinical guidelines for management of ESD in patients receiving DOACs differ among countries,it is necessary for endoscopists to identify ways to prevent post-ESD delayed bleeding in clinical *** that the pharmacokinetics(e.g.,plasma DOAC level at both trough and T_(max))and pharmacodynamics(e.g.,anti-factor Xa activity)of DOACs are related to risk of major bleeding,plasma DOAC level and anti-FXa activity may be useful parameters for monitoring the anti-coagulate effect and identifying DOAC patients at higher risk of post-ESD bleeding.

关键词： Direct oral anticoagulants Gastrointestinal tumors Endoscopic submucosal dissection Delayed bleeding Adverse events Anticoagulants

A predictive factor for the response to S-1 plus cisplatin in gastric cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第36期16卷 4575-4582页

作者： Ikuko Miyazaki Takashi kawai Youji Harada Fuminori Moriyasu Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Tokyo Medical University Hospital6-7-1 Nishi-ShinjukuShinjuku-kuTokyo 160-0023Japan Endoscope Center Tokyo Medical University Hospital6-7-1 Nishi-ShinjukuShinjuku-kuTokyo 160-0023Japan Department of Gastroenterology Toda Chuo General Hospital1-19-3 HonchoToda-shiSaitama 335-1132Japan

AIM:To prove that the protein expression level of thymidylate synthase is a predictive factor for the response to S-1/cisplatin(CDDP)chemotherapy in gastric ***:We measured the protein expression levels of thymidylate synthase(TS),dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase(DPD),and orotate phosphoribosyltrans-ferase(OPRT)in advanced gastric *** S-1/CDDP chemotherapy,tumor specimens from primary sites were obtained by endoscopic biopsy and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent *** chemo-therapeutic effects on the primary sites were evaluated by endoscopic biopsy performed more than once after S-1/CDDP *** effects are a predictive factor for the response to S-1/CDDP chemotherapy inpatients with advanced gastric cancer,as evaluated by endoscopic biopsy over ***:The protein expression level of TS was significantly higher(P40 ng/mg ***:We have confirmed that the protein expression level of TS is a predictive factor for the response to S-1/CDDP chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer.

关键词： Gastric cancer Thymidylate synthase Dihy-dropyrimidine dehydrogenase Orotate phosphoribosyl-transferase Biopsy

Comparison of electronic structure between monolayer silicenes on Ag(111)

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第8期24卷 120-124页

作者： Chun-Liang Lin Ryuichi Arafune Maki kawai Noriaki Takagi Department of Advanced Materials Science Graduate School of Frontier ScienceThe University of Tokyo International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) National Institute for Materials Science

√√The electronic structures of monolayer silicenes(4 × 4 and■ ×■R13.9o) grown on Ag(111) surface are studied by scanning tunneling spectroscopy(STS) and density functional theory(DFT) calculations. While both phases have similar electronic structures around the Fermi level, significant differences are observed in the higher energy unoccupied *** DFT calculations show that the contributions of Si 3pz orbitals to the unoccupied states are different because of their different buckled configurations.

关键词： silicene electronic structure STM DFT