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Nitrate removal from groundwater using chemically modified coconut husk based granular activated carbon:characterization of the adsorbent,kinetics and mechanism

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2023年第2期3卷 370-383页

作者： Solomon K.M.Huno Jewel Das Eric Dvan Hullebusch ajit p.Annachhatre Eldon R.Rene pollution prevention and Resource Recovery Chair Group Department of Water SupplySanitation and Environmental EngineeringIHE Delft Institute of Water EducationP.O.Box 30152601 DA DelftThe Netherlands Environmental Engineering and Management Department of EnvironmentEnergy and Climate ChangeSchool of EnvironmentResource and DevelopmentAsian Institute of Technology58 Moo 9Km.42Paholyothin HighwayP.O.Box 4Klong Luang 12120Pathum ThaniThailand National University of Ireland Galway University RoadGalway H91 TK33Ireland Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(BCSIR) BCSIR Laboratories ChattogramChattogram 4220Bangladesh Universite paris Cite Institut de Physique du Globe de ParisCNRSF‑75005 ParisFrance School of Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MandiA4‑209MandiHimachal Pradesh 175001India

In this study,a highly porous chemically activated granular activated carbon(GAC)was prepared from coconut husk and tested as an adsorbent to remove nitrate from contaminated groundwater.The prepared GAC was characterized by Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis(TGA/DTA),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area(SBET)analysis.The effects of various process parameters such as initial nitrate concentration,contact time and adsorbent dose on nitrate removal efficiency(response)by the modified GAC were investigated using the statistically significant response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design of experiments.The experimental data were fitted to well-known adsorption isotherms and kinetic models to ascertain the mechanism of the adsorption process.Analysis of variance(ANOVA)was performed to determine the significance of the individual and the interactive effects of process variables on the response.The BET surface area(SBET)and micropore volume of the prepared GAC from coconut husk was 1120 m^(2)/g and 0.392 cm^(3)/g,respectively.The experimental results showed that physisorption was the main adsorption mechanism governing the process,while the rate of adsorption was limited at initial nitrate concentrations>10 mg/L.The Langmuir mono-layer adsorption isotherm best fitted the experimental data with a maximum adsorption capacity of 6.0±1.3 mg/g(~92.5%)with an adsorbent dose of 0.1 g/50 mL,an equilibrium time of 6 h at 28±2℃,and at pH 7.6(±0.2).Among the tested process variables,the adsorbent dose and initial nitrate concentration showed significant effects on the nitrate removal efficiency.

关键词： Nitrate adsorption Groundwater Granular activated carbon Response surface methodology(RSM) Box-Behnken Coconut Husk

Clinical outcomes and gut microbiota analysis of severe alcohol-associated hepatitis patients undergoing healthy donor fecal transplant or pentoxifylline therapy:single-center experience from Kerala

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 566-574页

作者： Cyriac Abby philips Rizwan Ahamed Sasidharan Rajesh Shobhit Singh ajit Tharakan Jinsha K.Abduljaleel philip Augustine Clinical and Translational Hepatology The Liver InstituteCenter of Excellence in GI SciencesRajagiri HospitalChunangamvelyAluvaErnakulamKeralaIndia Monarch Liver Laboratory The Liver InstituteCenter of Excellence in GI SciencesRajagiri HospitalChunangamvelyAluvaErnakulamKeralaIndia Department of Gastroenterology and Advanced GI Endoscopy Center of Excellence in GI SciencesRajagiri HospitalChunangamvelyAluvaErnakulamKeralaIndia Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Center of Excellence in GI SciencesRajagiri HospitalChunangamvelyAluvaErnakulamKeralaIndia

Background Severe alcohol-associated hepatitis(SAH)patients with infections have a high short-term mortality rate.Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SAH.preliminary studies have demonstrated long-term benefits with healthy donor fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT).Data on FMT compared with pentoxifylline for SAH and relevant gut microbial changes are lacking in literature.Methods From January 2019 to February 2021,retrospective analysis of a single hospital’s records revealed 47 SAH patients undergoing FMT(100mL/day via nasoduodenal tube for 7days)and 25matched patients receiving pentoxifylline(400mg/8 h for 28days).The primary end point was a 6-month survival rate.Secondary end points included incidence of ascites,hepatic encephalopathy,infections,acute kidney injury,and gutmicrobiota changes between post-therapy groups.Biomarker discovery and network analysis were also performed to identify significant taxa of gutmicrobiota in post-treatment groups in retrospectively stored stool samples.Results All were males.The 6-month survival rate was higher in the patients undergoing FMT than in patients receiving pentoxifylline(83.0%vs 56.0%,p=0.012).At the end of 6-month follow-up,the incidences of clinically significant ascites(56.0%vs 25.5%,p=0.011),hepatic encephalopathy(40.0%vs 10.6%,p=0.003),and critical infections(52.0%vs 14.9%,ppatients administered pentoxifylline were significantly higher than those in patients treated with FMT.At 3 months,biomarker analysis revealed a significant abundance of Bifidobacterium and Eggerthella in the FMT group and the pentoxifylline group,respectively.At 6 months,Bifidobacterium in the FMT group and pathogenic Aerococcaceae in the pentoxifylline group were notable.Network analysis showed beneficial taxa(Bifidobacterium)as a central influencer in those undergoing FMT at 6 months.Conclusions Healthy donor FMT improved survival rate and reduced liver-related complications compared with pentoxifylline.These clinical benefits were associ

关键词： fecal microbiota stool transplant alcoholic hepatitis liver transplant dysbiosis

Long-term results of type I tympanoplasty with perichondrium reinforced cartilage palisade vs temporalis fascia for large perforations:A retrospective study

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Journal of Otology 2021年第1期16卷 12-17页

作者： Dipesh Shakya ajit Nepal Department of Otorhinolaryngology Civil Service HospitalMinbhawanKathmanduNepal Department of Otorhinolaryngology Patan Academy of Health SciencesSchool of MedicineLagankhelLalitpurNepal

Objective:To compare the rate of graft uptake and postoperative hearing outcomes of Type I tympanoplasty with perichondrium reinforced cartilage palisade to temporalis fascia for large tympanic membrane(TM)perforations over 5 years follow-up period.Materials and methods:This was a retrospective comparative study involving patients with chronic otitis media with large TM perforations.The patients underwent type I tympanoplasty using either perichondrium reinforced cartilage palisade(Cp group)or temporalis fascia(TF group)as the graft via a transmeatal approach and under local anesthesia.Morphological and functional results were recorded at three-and five years follow-up.Demographic profiles including age and sex,surgery side,contralateral disease and graft uptake rate,as well as hearing outcomes,were compared between the two groups.Results:At three years follow-up,graft uptake was 94.87%for perichondrium reinforced cartilage palisade and 80.7%for fascia,respectively,(p¼0.67).At five years follow-up,the uptake rate dropped to 87.17%in the Cp group,but to 66.6%in the TF group(p¼0.019).Hearing improved after surgery in both groups,and showed no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion:Over long-term,perichondrium reinforced palisade showed a statistically significant better outcome regarding graft uptake than temporalis fascia in type Itympanoplasty for large TM perforations with comparable audiometric results.

关键词： Tympanoplasty Large perforation Temporalis fascia Cartilage palisade perichondrium

A Systemic Approach to Integrated E-maintenance of Large Engineering plants

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2010年第2期7卷 173-179页

作者： ajit Kumar Verma A.Srividya p.G.Ramesh Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology

Large engineering plants （LEps） have certain unique features that necessitate a maintenance strategy that is a combination of both time and condition based maintenance. Although this requirement is appreciated to varying degrees by asset owners, applied research leading to a systematic development of such a maintenance strategy is the need of the day. Such a strategy should also adopt a wholesome ＂systemic＂ approach so that the realization of the overall objectives of maintenance is maximized. E-maintenance has several potential benefits for large engineering plants. In this paper, a three pronged strategy is suggested for the successful implementation of e-maintenance for LEps. Firstly, an integrated condition and time based maintenance framework is proposed for LEps. Secondly, reference is drawn to models for condition and time based maintenance at systemic levels. As a part of the ab initio development of a condition monitoring system for a LEp, one of the characteristics of the condition monitoring system, namely, predictability, is discussed in detail as a sample for a systemic study. Thirdly, emphasis is laid on the information and expertise available in the domain of plant design, operation and maintenance and the same is tapped for incorporation in maintenance decision making.

关键词： Systemic approach e-maintenance reliability availability large engineering plants.

Trapezoidal fuzzy model to optimize transportation problem

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2016年第3期7卷 285-292页

作者： Nirbhay Mathur pankaj Kumar Srivastava ajit paul Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences Allahabad Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Noida

The main aim of this paper is to develop an approach based on trapezoidal fuzzy numbers to optimize transportation problem in fuzzy environment.The present algorithm has representation of availability,demand and transportation cost as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers.This algorithm is found quicker in terms of runtime as comparison to fuzzy VAM discussed in[Kaur A.,Kumar A.,A new method for solving fuzzy transportation problem using ranking function,Appl.Math.Model.35:5652–5661,2011;Ismail Mohideen S.,Senthil Kumar p.,A comparative study on transportation problem in fuzzy environment,Int.J.Math.Res.2:151–158,2010].On the other hand this technique gives much better results than some classical methods like north-west corner and least cost method.Another benefit of this algorithm is that for certain transportation problems it directly gives optimal solution.It is one of the simplest methods to apply and perceive.practical usefulness of the new method over other existing methods is demonstrated with two numerical examples.

关键词： Fuzzy transportation problems trapezoidal fuzzy numbers minimum demand-supply optimal solution

Vitreo-retinal interface changes on optical coherence tomography in the fellow eyes of patients with macular hole

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第4期6卷 526-530页

作者： ajit Babu Majji Jay Kumar Chhablani Bupesh Bagga Smt.Kanuri Santhamma Retina Vitreous Centre L.V.Prasad Eye InstituteKallam Anji Reddy CampusL.V.Prasad MargBanjara HillsHyderabad 500034India

AIM:To study the vitreo-retinal interface and macular changes on optical coherence tomography(OCT) in the fellow eyes of patients with macular hole.·METHODS:patients with idiopathic macular hole in one or both eyes presented to our institute between January 2003 and December 2009 were evaluated retrospectively.Demographic details,best-corrected visual acuity and vitreo-retinal interface,and macular changes of the fellow eye on OCT were studied.·RESULTS:Seventy patients underwent OCT of both eyes during the study period.The average age group was 61.96 years and 35(50%) were females.Among the fellow eyes,normal foveal contour was noted in 36(51.4%) eyes and 34(48.6%) eyes were observed to have vitreo-retinal interface changes.Of them,13(18.6%) eyes had some stage of full thickness macular hole and 21(30.0%) eyes had interface changes.There was no statistical correlation between involved eye lesions(p =0.64) or visual acuity(p =0.55) as predictors of development of either fellow eye lesions or poor visual acuity.·CONCLUSION:There is a significant chance of having vitreo-retinal interface findings in the fellow eyes of patients presenting with macular hole.OCT should be considered in both eyes of patients with macular hole to detect early changes in the fellow eyes,which may require an early intervention.

关键词： macular hole fellow eye optical coherence tomography vitreo-retinal interface

Abundance of Carbonic Fluid Inclusions in Hira-Buddini Gold Deposit, Hutti-Maski Greenstone Belt, India: Inferences from petrography and Volume Ratio Estimation of Fluid Components

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第3期31卷 492-499页

作者： Rajagopal Krishnamurthi ajit Kumar Sahoo Rajesh Sharma prabhakar Sangurmath Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkeeRoorkee-241661India Department of Geology Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005India Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology Dehradun-24S001India Hutti Gold Mines Company Limited Hutti-584115India

Low saline aqueous carbonic fluids are considered to be the ore forming solutions for orogenic lode gold deposits.phase separation/fluid immiscibility of the ore fluid is quite common and is one of the major reasons for deposition of gold in these deposits.Abundant carbonic fluid inclusions have been observed in quartz grains of Hira-Buddnini Gold Deposit.Theoretical estimation indicates that more volume of H2O compared to CO2 is likely to be trapped in inclusions at different p-T conditions.preferential loss of H2O from fluid inclusions during ductile deformation of quartz grains have been attributed as the suitable reason for abundance of carbonic fluid inclusions.

关键词： orogenic lode gold deposit carbonic fluid inclusions Redlich-Kwong Equation fluid immiscibility Hira-Buddini Gold Deposit

Electrochemical determination of an anti-hyperlipidimic drug pitavastatin at electrochemical sensor based on electrochemically pre-treated polymer film modified GCE

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Journal of pharmaceutical Analysis 2017年第4期7卷 258-264页

作者： Umar J.pandit Gowhar A.Naikoo Mehraj Ud Din Sheikh Gulzar A.Khan K.K.Raj S.N.limaye Department of Chemistry Dr. Harisingh Gour UniversitySagarM.P.India Department of Mathematics and Sciences College of Arts and Applied SciencesDofar UniversitySalalahOman

An electrochemically pretreated silver macroporous(Ag Mp) multiwalled carbon nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode(pAN-Ag Mp-MWCNT-GCE) was fabricated for the selective determination of an antihyperlipidimic drug, pitavastatin(pST). The fabricated electrochemical sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The fabricated electrode was employed in quantifying and determining pST through differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry(DpAdSV) and CV. The electrode fabrication proceeded with remarkable sensitivity to the determination of pST. The effect of various optimized parameters such as pH, scan rate(ν), accumulation time(t_(acc)), accumulation potential(U_(acc))and loading volumes of Ag Mp-MWCNT suspension were investigated to evaluate the performance of synthesized electrochemical sensor and to propose a simple, accurate, rapid and economical procedure for the quantification of pST in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids. A linear response of pST concentration in the range 2.0×10^(-7)–1.6×10^(-6)M with low detection(LOD) and quantification(LOQ) limits of 9.66 ± 0.04 nM and 32.25 ± 0.07 nM, respectively, were obtained under these optimized conditions.

关键词： pitavastatin Electrochemical sensor Adsorptive stripping voltammetry Biological fluids pharmaceutical formulations

Evaluating active leprosy case identifcation methods in six districts of Nepal

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Infectious Diseases of poverty 2023年第6期12卷 105-106页

作者： Ram Kumar Mahato Uttam Ghimire Madhav Lamsal Bijay Bajracharya Mukesh poudel prashnna Napit Krishna Lama Gokarna Dahal David T.S.Hayman ajit Kumar Karna Basu Dev pandey Chuman Lal Das Krishna prasad paudel Epidemiology and Disease Control Division Department of Health Services Ministry of Health and Population Kathmandu Nepal Epidemiology and Disease Control Division-Malaria program Management Unit- SCI-GF Kathmandu Nepal Leprosy Control & Disability Management Section EPidemiology and Disease Control Division DoHS Kathmandu Nepal Lalgadh Leprosy Hospital & Service Center Nepal Leprosy Trust Lalgadh Nepal Molecular Epidemiology and public Health Laboratory Infectious Disease Research Centre Hopkirk Research Institute Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand Center for Health and Disease Studies-Nepal Kathmandu Nepal DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan

Background Nepal has achieved and sustained the elimination of leprosy as a public health problem since 2009,but 17 districts and 3 provinces with 41%(10,907,128)of Nepal’s population have yet to eliminate the disease.pediatric cases and grade-2 disabilities(G2D)indicate recent transmission and late diagnosis,respectively,which necessitate active and early case detection.This operational research was performed to identify approaches best suited for early case detection,determine community-based leprosy epidemiology,and identify hidden leprosy cases early and respond with prompt treatment.Methods Active case detection was undertaken in two Nepali provinces with the greatest burden of leprosy,Madhesh province(40%national cases)and Lumbini province(18%)and at-risk prison populations in Madhesh,Lumbini and Bagmati provinces.Case detection was performed by(1)house-to-house visits among vulnerable populations(n=26,469);(2)contact examination and tracing(n=7608);in Madhesh and Lumbini provinces and,(3)screening prison populations(n=4428)in Madhesh,Lumbini and Bagmati provinces of Nepal.per case direct medical and nonmedical costs for each approach were calculated.Results New case detection rates were highest for contact tracing(250),followed by house-to-house visits(102)and prison screening(45)per 100,000 population screened.However,the cost per case identifed was cheapest for house-to-house visits[Nepalese rupee(NpR)76,500/case],followed by contact tracing(NpR 90,286/case)and prison screening(NpR 298,300/case).House-to-house and contact tracing case paucibacillary/multibacillary(pB:MB)ratios were 59:41 and 68:32;female/male ratios 63:37 and 57:43;pediatric cases 11%in both approaches;and grade-2 disabilities(G2D)11%and 5%,respectively.Developing leprosy was not signifcantly diferent among household and neighbor contacts[odds ratios(OR)=1.4,95%confdence interval(CI):0.24-5.85]and for contacts of MB versus pB cases(OR=0.7,95%CI 0.26-2.0).Attack rates were not signifcantly diferent among household contacts of MB cases(0.3

关键词： Leprosy Early case detection Community-based epidemiology Hidden case New case detection rate Attack rate Cost per case identifed Nepal