With the increasing incidence of heavy rainfall events,particularly over the monsoon regions,the highly dense populations are more vulnerable[1].Research initiatives on observation,modeling,and prediction of monsoon h...
详细信息
With the increasing incidence of heavy rainfall events,particularly over the monsoon regions,the highly dense populations are more vulnerable[1].Research initiatives on observation,modeling,and prediction of monsoon heavy rainfall have been promoted actively by World Weather Research Programme's(WWRP)Working Group on Tropical Meteorology Research(WGTMR)of the World Meteorological Organization(WMO)since 2010.Series of monsoon-heavy-rainfall workshops were held in Beijing(2011),Petaling Jaya(2012),and New Delhi(2015)to benefit scientists worldwide and forecasters from the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services.An international Research and Development Project,namely,the Southern China Monsoon Rainfall Experiment(SCMREX)[2]was established in 2013 to coordinate field campaign experiments and to conduct scientific research on presummer(April-June)heavy rainfall processes in southern China.
The "WMO Typhoon Landfall Forecast Demonstration Project(TLFDP)" was started in May 2010 in conjunction with the start of the Shanghai World Expo 2010. The project was successful in terms of assisting the local foreca...
详细信息
The "WMO Typhoon Landfall Forecast Demonstration Project(TLFDP)" was started in May 2010 in conjunction with the start of the Shanghai World Expo 2010. The project was successful in terms of assisting the local forecasters in providing an efficient tropical cyclone(TC) forecast service for World Expo 2010, demonstrating the performance of the most up-to-date techniques in TC forecasting, and enhancing the ability of forecasters to effectively use products based on advanced TC forecasting techniques. The first phase was completed in December 2012 and the second phase was completed in December 2015. The third phase(TLFDP-III) started in 2016.During its first(2010-2012) and second(2013-2015) phases, TLFDP collected real-time TC forecast products from 15 Typhoon Forecast Product Providers(TFPPs). The products include deterministic track and intensity forecasts, ensemble track and intensity forecasts, deterministic wind radii forecasts, wind probability forecasts, and gridded model outputs. The products were disseminated through the project's website and the operational website of the Shanghai Typhoon Warning Center.TLFDP has made significant progress in TC forecast verification, including setting up the tools for both realtime and post-season TC forecast verification, developing and integrating several new verification techniques, carrying out a survey on the operational status of TC forecast verification in the western North Pacific region, and contributing to the WMO document "Verification of tropical cyclone forecasts". The post-season forecast verification was reported to the Session of the UNESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee since 2013. New consensus methods for TC track and intensity forecasts were also proposed either based on Ensemble Prediction Systems(EPSs) products or multiple deterministic NWP model products. Two training workshops on TC forecasting were organized by the TLFDP and held in Shanghai, China, in May 2010 and June 2012, respectively, and seven research fellowship projects were implemented as jointly
AIM:To investigate cell type specific distribution ofβ-actin expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters.METHODS:β-actin is a housekeeping gene,frequently used as loa...
详细信息
AIM:To investigate cell type specific distribution ofβ-actin expression in gastric adenocarcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological parameters.METHODS:β-actin is a housekeeping gene,frequently used as loading control,but,differentially expresses in cancer.In gastric cancer,an overall increased expression ofβ-actin has been reported using tissue disruptive techniques.At present,no histological data is available to indicate its cell type-specific expression and distribution pattern.In the present study,we analyzedβ-actin expression and distribution in paired normal and tumor tissue samples of gastric adenocarcinoma patients using immunohistochemistry(IHC),a tissue non-disruptive technique as well as tissue disruptive techniques like reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and western blotting.Correlation ofβ-actin level with clinicopathological parameters was done using univariate analysis.RESULTS:The results of this study showed significant overexpression,at both mRNA and protein level in tumor tissues as confirmed by RT-PCR(1.47±0.13 vs2.36±0.16;P0.05).CO
暂无评论