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Ebola virus disease: past, present and future

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2015年第5期5卷 337-343页

作者： Harish Rajak Deepak kumar Jain Avineesh Singh ajay kumar sharma Anshuman Dixit Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Guru Ghasidas University Department of Pharmacy G.S.V.M. Medical College Institute of Life Sciences

Ebola virus disease is one of the most deadly ailments known to mankind due to its high mortality rate(up to 90%) accompanying with the disease. Ebola haemorrhagic fever(EHF) is an infectious disease of animal that can be transmitted to both human and non-human primates. The first epidemic of EHF occurred in 1976 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The incubation period of ebola is less than 21 days. Ebola virus infections are depicted by immune suppression and a systemic inflammatory response that leads to damage of the vascular, coagulation and immune systems, causing multi-organ failure and shock. Five genetically distinct members of the Filoviridae family responsible for EHF are as follows: Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, C?te d'Ivoire ebolavirus, Bundibugyo ebolavirus and Reston ebolavirus. The ongoing 2014 West Africa ebola epidemic has been considered as the most serious panic in the medical field with respect to both the number of human cases and death toll. The natural host for ebola virus is unknown, thus it is not possible to carry out programs to regulate or abolish virus from transmission to people. The ebola virus infection provides little chance to develop acquired immunity causing rapid progression of the disease. It is pertinent to mention that at present, there is no antiviral therapy or vaccine that is helpful against ebola virus infection in humans. The impediment of EHF necessitates much better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease, particularly the role of wildlife, as well as bats, in the spread of ebola virus to humans.

关键词： Ebola virus disease Ebola haemorrhagic fever Ebola virus Filoviridae

Belatacept in renal transplantation in comparison to tacrolimus and molecular understanding of resistance pattern:Meta-analysis and systematic review

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World Journal of Transplantation 2021年第3期11卷 70-86页

作者： Jayant kumar Isabella Reccia Francesco Virdis Mauro Podda ajay kumar sharma Ahmed Halawa Department of Cancer and Surgery Imperial CollegeLondon W120HSUnited Kingdom Department of Emergency General Surgery Royal Free HospitalLondon NW32QGUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery GeneralEmergency and Robotic Surgical UnitSan Francesco HospitalNuoro 08100Italy Department of Transplantation Royal Liverpool University HospitalLiverpool L78XPUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery Sheffield Teaching HospitalsSheffield S102JFUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND The T-cell costimulation blocking agent belatacept has been identified as a possible substitute for calcineurin inhibitors,however,no consensus has been established against its use over the standard care agent *** To evaluate the effectiveness of belatacept based maintenance immunosuppressive regimens in comparison to tacrolimus in renal *** We did extensive search of all the available literature comparing the role of belatacept to tacrolimus in renal transplant recipients by searching the PubMed,Embase,Cochrane,Crossref,Scopus,clinical trials registry on October 5,*** The literature search identified four randomized controlled trials(n=173 participants)comparing belatacept with *** was no significant difference in estimated renal function at 12 mo[mean difference 4.12 mL/min/1.73 m^(2),confidence interval(CI):-2.18 to 10.42,P=0.20].Further,belatacept group was associated with significant increase in biopsy proven acute rejection[relative risk(RR)=3.27,CI:0.88 to 12.11,P=0.08]and worse 12 mo allograft survival(RR=4.51,CI:1.23 to 16.58,P=0.02).However,incidence of new onset diabetes mellitus was lower with belatacept at 12 mo(RR=0.26,CI:0.07 to 0.99,P=0.05).CONCLUSION The evidence reviewed in this meta-analysis suggested that belatacept-based maintenance immunosuppression regimens were associated with an increased risk allograft loss in renal transplant recipients with equivalent renal functioning against standard tacrolimus;however,observed significantly reduced new onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation incidence and lower serum low density lipid profile levels in belatacept *** addition,the adaptation of belatacept in renal transplantation has been forestalled by increased rates of rejection and resistance owing to development of various effector memory T cells through,parallel differentiation and immunological plasticity.

关键词： Adverse events Calcineurin inhibitors Belatacept Tacrolimus Graft failure Kidney transplantation

Geochemistry and mineral chemistry of the armoor granitoids,eastern dharwar craton: implications for the redox conditions and tectono-magmatic environment

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 110-133页

作者： A.ajay kumar Ch.Ashok Department of Geology Osmania UniversityHyderabad 500007India CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute UppalHyderabad 500007India

The mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the K-rich granites from the Armoor granitic rocks in the northeastern portion of the Eastern Dharwar Craton(EDC) are *** order to understand its physicochemical conditions,the petrogenesis of the granitoid was explained from biotite chemistry and geochemical *** of mineral chemistry expose that compositionally,K-feldspar and plagioclase in Armoor granite rocks range from An0,Ab_(3-5.9),Or_(94-96.9) and An_(5-29,-Ab71.9-94.9),Or_(0-1.5),*** mineral chemistry of biotite crystals exhibits composition that varies from primary to re-equilibrated primary *** biotites from the Armoor granites generally exhibit an I-type trend,with calc-alkaline parental magma in a subduction *** chemistry of granites displays magnetite(oxidized)series nature,which has oxygen fugacity(fO_(2))=-15.1 to-16.7(log_(10) bar),under high oxidizing *** and pressure estimates for the crystallization of Armoor granites based on biotite composition are T=612-716 ℃ and 1.0-0.4 kbar,***,these rocks are metaluminous to slightly peraluminous and magnesian,with calc-alkaline potassiumrich *** the chondrite normalized REE diagram,the granites have positive europium anomalies;rich Sr/Y,(Dy/Yb)_(N) ratios and reduced Mg#,Rb/Sr,Rb,Sr indicate that the melting of earlier rocks,crystal accumulation and residual garnet source formed at high *** examined granites show that they are produced from the melting of crustal ***,the extensive analyses of the described Armoor granite suggest that they were produced by crust sources and developed under oxidizing conditions in subduction setting.

关键词： Armoor granites Oxygen fugacity Crystal accumulation Remelting Subduction

Effect of cooling media on bead geometry,microstructure,and mechanical properties of wire arc additive manufactured IN718 alloy

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Advances in Manufacturing 2024年第1期12卷 124-149页

作者： Parveen kumar Satish kumar sharma Ratnesh kumar Raj Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering Thapar Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPatialaPunjab147004India

This work aims to present and explore thermal management techniques for the wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)of IN718 *** heat can be mitigated via air or water *** this study,the material was deposited under four different heat-input conditions with air or water *** air cooling,the layer is deposited in a normal atmospheric air environment,whereas with water cooling,the material is deposited inside a water tank by varying the water *** validate the air and water cooling thermal management techniques,IN718 single-pass and multilayer linear walls were deposited using the bidirectional gas metal arc welding based WAAM setup under four different heat input *** the deposition of single layers,the temperature profiles were recorded,and the geometric and microstructural features were *** multilayer wall structures,the mechanical properties(hardness,tensile strength,and elongation)were determined and assessed using the corresponding microstructural features explored through scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)*** microstructure observed through SEM analysis in the building direction was found to be nonhomogenous compared with that in the deposition ***,water cooling was found to govern bead characteristics,such as wall width and *** grain size and anisotropy of the mechanical properties also decreased in the water-cooled ***,water cooling is an economical and efficient method to mitigate excessive heat accumulation in WAAM-deposited IN718.

关键词： Air cooling Water cooling IN718 Bead characteristics Microstructure Electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)

Structural and Electrical Characteristics of Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3-SrTiO3Ceramic System

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2011年第11期2卷 1593-1600页

作者： Narendra kumar Singh Pritam kumar ajay kumar sharma Ram Naresh Prasad Choudhary 不详

A complex structure of barium iron niobate, Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3 (BFN) and strontium titanate SrTiO3 (ST) was fabricated by a solid-state reaction method. The phase formation of Ba(Fe0.5Nb0.5)O3-SrTiO3 was checked using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The X-ray structural analysis of BFN and BFN-ST ceramics, showed the formation of single-phase compound in the monoclinic system, which is a distorted structure of an ideal cubic perovskite. Careful examination of microstructures of the individual compounds of the system was done by the scanning electron micrograph (SEM), and confirms the polycrystalline nature of the systems. Detailed studies of dielectric and electrical impedance properties of the systems in a wide range of frequency (100Hz - 5MHz) and different temperatures (30°C-285°C) showed that these properties are strongly dependent on temperature and frequency.

关键词： Dielectrics Perovskite Oxides X-Ray Diffraction Scanning Electron Micrograph

Dielectric Relaxation in Complex Perovskite Oxide Sr(Gd0.5Nb0.5)O3

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2012年第6期3卷 369-376页

作者： Pritam kumar ajay kumar sharma Bhrigunandan Prasad Singh Tripurari Prasad Sinha Narendra kumar Singh Department of Physics Bose Institute Kolkata India University Department of Physics T. M. Bhagalpur University Bhagalpur India University Department of Physics V. K. S. University Ara India

The complex perovskite oxide a strontium gadolinium niobate (SGN) synthesized by solid-state reaction technique has single phase with tetragonal structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to study the structural and microstructural properties of the ceramics, respectively. The XRD patterns of SGN at room temperature show a tetragonal structure. Studies of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of compound as a function of frequency (50 Hz to 1 MHz) at room temperature, and as a function of temperature (60°C to 420°C) indicate polydispersive nature of the material. The logarithmic angular frequency dependence of the loss peak is found to obey the Arrhenius law with activation energy ~0.18 eV. The small value of activation energy of the compound (~0.18 eV) can be explained by mixed ionic-polaronic conductivity mechanism. The grain size of the pellet sample was found to be 1.92 μm. The frequency-dependant electrical data are analyzed in the framework of conductivity and electric modulus formalisms. The complex plane impedance plot shows the grain boundary contribution for higher value of dielectric constant in the law frequency region.

关键词： Dielectrics Perovskite Oxides X-Ray Diffraction Scanning Electron Micrograph

Hopf bifurcation in a delayed prey-predator model with prey refuge involving fear effect

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第5期17卷 1-32页

作者： Ankit Parwaliya Anuraj Singh ajay kumar Department of Applied Sciences ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and ManagementGwalior 474015India

This work investigates a prey-predator model featuring a Holling-type II functional response,in which the fear effect of predation on the prey species,as well as prey refuge,are ***,the model assumes that the growth rate of the prey population decreases as a result of the fear of ***,the detection of the predator by the prey species is subject to a delay known as the fear response delay,which is incorporated into the *** paper establishes the preliminary conditions for the solution of the delayed model,including positivity,boundedness and *** paper discusses the existence and stability of equilibrium points in the *** particular,the paper considers the discrete delay as a bifurcation parameter,demonstrating that the system undergoes Hopf bifurcation at a critical value of the delay *** direction and stability of periodic solutions are determined using central manifold and normal form ***,the global stability of the model is established at axial and positive equilibrium *** extensive numerical simulation is presented to validate the analytical findings,including the continuation of the equilibrium branch for positive equilibrium points.

关键词： Hopf bifurcation fear effect prey refuge periodic solutions time delay branch off

Deep learning models for tuberculosis detection and infected region visualization in chest X-ray images

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Intelligent Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 104-113页

作者： Vinayak sharma Nillmani Sachin kumar Gupta Kaushal kumar Shukla School of Electronics and Communication Engineering Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Jammu and KashmirIndia School of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia

Objective Tuberculosis(TB)is among the most frequent causes of infectious-disease-related *** being treatable by antibiotics,tuberculosis often goes misdiagnosed and untreated,especially in rural and low-resource *** X-rays are frequently used to aid diagnosis;however,this presents additional challenges because of the possibility of abnormal radiological appearance and a lack of radiologists in areas where the infection is most *** deep-learning-based imaging techniques for computer-aided diagnosis has the potential to enable accurate diagnoses and lessen the burden on medical *** the present work,we aimed to develop deep-learning-based segmentation and classification models for accurate and precise detection of tuberculosis in chest X-ray images,with visualization of infection using gradient-weighted class activation mapping(Grad-CAM)*** First,we trained the UNet segmentation model using 704 chest X-ray radiographs taken from the Montgomery County and Shenzhen Hospital ***,we implemented the trained UNet model on 1,400 tuberculosis and control chest X-ray scans to segment the lung *** images were taken from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID)TB portal program ***,we applied the deep learning Xception model to classify the segmented lung region into tuberculosis and normal *** further investigated the visualization capabilities of the model using Grad-CAM to view tuberculosis abnormalities in chest X-rays and discuss them from radiological *** For segmentation by the UNet model,we achieved accuracy,Jaccard index,Dice coefficient,and area under the curve(AUC)values of 96.35%,90.38%,94.88%,and 0.99,*** classification by the Xception model,we achieved classification accuracy,precision,recall,F1-score,and AUC values of 99.29%,99.30%,99.29%,99.29%,and 0.999,*** Grad-CAM heatmap images from the tuberculos

关键词： Tuberculosis Artificial intelligence Deep learning Segmentation Classification Chest X-ray

Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells: Future regenerative medicine for clinical applications in mitigation of radiation injury

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第7期16卷 742-759页

作者： Prashasti sharma Dharmendra kumar Maurya Life Sciences Homi Bhabha National InstituteMumbai 400094MaharashtraIndia Radiation Biology&Health Sciences Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085MaharashtraIndia

Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells(WJ-MSCs)are gaining significant attention in regenerative medicine for their potential to treat degenerative diseases and mitigate radiation ***-MSCs are more naïve and have a better safety profile,making them suitable for both autologous and allogeneic *** review highlights the regenerative potential of WJ-MSCs and their clinical applications in mitigating various types of radiation *** this review,we will also describe why WJ-MSCs will become one of the most probable stem cells for future regenerative medicine along with a balanced view on their strengths and ***,the most updated literature related to both preclinical and clinical usage of WJ-MSCs for their potential application in the regeneration of tissues and organs will also be compiled.

关键词： Stem cells Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells Radiotherapy Xerostomia Lung fibrosis