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Self-assembled vertically aligned gold nanorod super-lattices for ultra-high sensitive detection of molecules

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Nano Research 2015年第3期8卷 907-919页

作者： Amey apte Prashant Bhaskar Raja Das Smita Chaturvedi PankajPoddar Sulabha Kulkarni Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Homi Bhabha Road Pashan Pune - 411008 India Physical and Materials Chemistry Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Pashan Pune - 411008 India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Anusandhan Bhavan 2 Raft Marg New Delhi - 10000 I India

We show that self-assembled vertically aligned gold nanorod （VA-GNRs） superlattices can serve as probes or substrates for ultra-high sensitive detection of various molecules. D-glucose and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene （TNT） have been chosen as model systems due to their very low Raman cross-sections （5.6× 10-30 ***-1 for D-glucose and 4.9 × 10-31 ***-1 for TNT） to show that the VA-GNR superlattice assembly offers as low as yoctomole sensitivity. Our experiment on mixed samples of bovine serum albumin （BSA） and D-glucose solutions demonstrate sensitivity for the latter, and the possible extension to real samples. Self-assembled superlattices of VA-GNRs were achieved on a silicon wafer by depositing a drop of solvent containing the GNRs and subsequent solvent evaporation in ambient conditions. An additional advantage of the VA-GNR monolayers is their extremely high reproducible morphology accompanied by ultrahigh sensitivity which will be useful in many fields where a very small amount of analyte is available. Moreover the assembly can be reused a number of times after removing the already present molecules. The method of obtaining VA-GNRs is simple, inexpensive and reproducible. With the help of simulations of monolayers and multilayers it has been shown that superlattices can achieve better sensitivity than monolaver assembly of VA-GNRs.

关键词： nanostructures self-assemblies superlattices Raman spectroscopy sensors

Pancreatic cancer and its stroma: A conspiracy theory

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第32期20卷 11216-11229页

作者： Zhihong Xu Srinivasa P Pothula Jeremy S Wilson Minoti V apte Pancreatic Research Group South Western Sydney Clinical School Faculty of Medicine The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2170 Australia Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research SydneyNSW 2170 Australia

Pancreatic cancer is characterised by a prominent desmoplastic/stromal reaction that has received little attention until recent times. Given that treatments focusing on pancreatic cancer cells alone have failed to significantly improve patient outcome over many decades, research efforts have now moved to understanding the pathophysiology of the stromal reaction and its role in cancer progression. In this regard, our Group was the first to identify the cells(pancreatic stellate cells, PSCs) that produced the collagenous stroma of pancreatic cancer and to demonstrate that these cells interacted closely with cancer cells to facilitate local tumour growth and distant metastasis. Evidence is accumulating to indicate that stromal PSCs may also mediate angiogenesis, immune evasion and the well known resistance of pancreatic cancer to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This review will summarise current knowledge regarding the critical role of pancreatic stellate cells and the stroma in pancreatic cancer biologyand the therapeutic approaches being developed to target the stroma in a bid to improve the outcome of this devastating disease.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Stromal reaction Tumour-stroma interactions Pancreatic stellate cells Metastasis

Evaluation of Increased Sensitivity of Morning Bleach Sample for Detection of Acid Fast Bacilli in Pulmonary Samples

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2014年第3期2卷 119-124页

作者： Pranali Pingle Pradeep apte Rakesh Trivedi Medicare Hospital and Research Centre Indore India P.M.B. Gujarati Science College Indore India

Around 85% of the cases of Tuberculosis (TB) are pulmonary in origin and the routine diagnosis usually depends on sputum microscopy. The conventional direct Ziehl-Nelson (ZN) staining technique has been found to have a low sensitivity. The main objective of the study was to verify whether the bleach concentration method increases the sensitivity of sputum smear microscopy for AFB or not and also to see whether the first single morning sample alone is sufficient and better than the three pooled samples after bleach concentration followed by ZN staining. A total of 365 samples were studied from 131 clinically suspected cases of pulmonary TB which included sputum (112), gastric aspirate (5), endotracheal tube washing (2), and bronchial lavage (12). All these samples were processed for conventional ZN staining and Bleach concentration method followed by ZN staining. An increase in positivity was observed in all the cases after using the bleach concentration method and the most significantly useful was that in the case of first morning sputum samples where it increased from 11.6% to 41.96%. Bleach concentration is a simple, cheap and easily available method and also very safe because it kills the Mycobacteria in the process. Its positivity rate is better as compared to direct conventional ZN staining.

关键词： Pulmonary Tuberculosis M. tuberculosis Bleach Method

Modeling Evaporating Droplets in Complex Unsteady Flows

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2012年第2期2卷 35-43页

作者： Sandip Ghosal Sourabh V. apte Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston USA School of Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Oregon State University Corvallis USA

In many applications, a moving fluid carries a suspension of droplets of a second phase which may change in size due to evaporation or condensation. Examples include liquid fuel drops in engines and raindrops or ice-crystals in a thunderstorm. If the number of such particles is very large, and, if further, the flow is inhomogeneous, unsteady or turbulent, it may be practically impossible to explicitly compute all of the fluid and particle degrees of freedom in a numerical simulation of the system. Under such circumstances Lagrangian Particle Tracking (LPT) of a small subset of the particles is used to reduce the computational effort. The purpose of this paper is to compare the LPT with an alternate method that is based on an approximate solution of the conservation equation of particle density in phase space by the method of moments (MOM). Closure is achieved by invoking the assumption that the droplet size distribution is locally lognormal. The resulting coupled transport equations for the local mean and variance of the particle size distribution are then solved in conjunction with the usual equations for the fluid and associated scalar fields. The formalism is applied to the test case of a uniform distribution of droplets placed in a non homogeneous temperature field and stirred with a decaying Taylor vortex. As a benchmark, we perform a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of high resolution that keeps track of all the particles together with the fluid flow.

关键词： Method of Moments Point-Particles Droplets Sprays Two-Phase Turbulent Flows

A Universal Object Oriented Expert System Frame Work for Fault Diagnosis

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International Journal of Intelligence Science 2012年第3期2卷 63-70页

作者： Dattatraya Vishnu Kodavade Shaila Dinakar apte Computer Science & Engineering D. K. T. E. Society’s Textile & Engineering Institute Ichalkaranji INDIA Electronics Engineering Department of Electronics Engineering Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering Pune INDIA

The paper presents a universal fault diagnostic expert system frame work. The frame work is characterized by two basic features. The first includes a fault diagnostic strategy which utilizes the fault classification and checks knowledge about unit under test. The degree of accuracy to which faults are located is improved by using fault classification knowledge. The second characteristic is object oriented inference mechanism using message passing. Object orientation in inference mechanism improved inference efficiency. The developed framework demonstrates its effectiveness and superiority compared to earlier approaches using case studies.

关键词： Knowledge Inference Object Microcontroller Heuristics Inheritance

Vitreous microparticles contain apoptotic signals suggesting a diabetic vitreopathy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第1期15卷 89-97页

作者： Harris Sultan Rithwick Rajagopal Prabakar Kumar Rao Kisha Deslee Piggott Michael A Paley Lynn Marisa Hassman Albert S.Li Brigid Marshall Rajendra Shridhar apte John Hardesty Department of Ophthalmology Washington UniversitySt.LouisMO 63110USA Department of Medicine Division of RheumatologyWashington UniversitySt.LouisMO 63110USA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201USA

AIM:To evaluate differences in microparticle profiles in vitreous samples between diabetic and non-diabetic eyes undergoing ***:Un-masked cross-sectional series of 34 eyes undergoing *** specimens were collected and processed to evaluate for membrane integrity(DAPI),apoptosis(Annexin-V),and endothelial-cell origin(V-Cadherin).A BD LSR II flow cytometer was used for analysis and standardized sub-micron-sized beads were used for size ***:Thirty-four specimens underwent *** levels of Annexin-V were found on microparticles from specimens in which blood had entered the vitreous(n=12)compared to those without blood(n=22;52.3%±30.7%vs 19.6%±27.2%,P=0.002).Patients with diabetes having surgery with hemorrhage(n=7)had greater expression of Annexin-V than those without hemorrhage(n=8;62.1%±31.7%vs 18.9%±20.9%,P=0.009).However,in patients with non-diabetic vitreous hemorrhage,the level of Annexin-V expression was not significantly different compared to other disease processes(38.6%±25.7%,n=5 vs 20.0%±30.9%,n=14,P=0.087).CONCLUSION:Increased expression of the apoptotic marker,Annexin-V is detected on vitreous microparticles in diabetes-related vitreous *** evaluating vitreous hemorrhage in patients without diabetes,the apoptotic signal is not significantly *** in patients with diabetes,and improvement in visual outcomes,may be related to the removal of a serumderived,pro-apoptotic *** investigation is warranted in order to identify the molecular characteristics of microparticles that regulate disease.

关键词： cell-derived microparticles vitrectomy vitreous diabetes mellitus apoptosis

Alcoholic pancreatitis:A tale of spirits and bacteria

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2014年第2期5卷 82-90页

作者： Alain Vonlaufen Laurent Spahr Minoti V apte Jean-Louis Frossard Gastroenterology Unit Hopital de la Tour Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital Pancreatic Research Group South Western Sydney Clinical SchoolThe Ingham Institute Faculty of Medicine The University of New South Wales

Alcohol is a major cause of chronic ***5%of alcoholics will ever suffer from pancreatitis,suggesting that additional co-factors are required to trigger an overt *** work has implicated lipopolysaccharide,from gut-derived bacteria,as a potential co-factor of alcoholic *** review discusses the effects of alcohol on the gut flora,the gut barrier,the liver-and the pancreas and proposes potential interventional strategies.A better understanding of the interaction between the gut,the liver and the pancreas may provide valuable insight into the pathophysiology of alcoholic pancreatitis.

关键词： Alcohol Pancreatitis Fibrosis Bacteria Endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide

某些原发性葡萄膜黑色素瘤细胞系产生的血管抑素素可阻碍肝转移的发展

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美国医学会眼科杂志（中文版） 2002年第2期14卷 127-128页

作者： RajendraS.apte 洪颖等

Myocarditis in systemic lupus erythematosus h as limited impact on intermediate or long-term disease outcomes

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Myocarditis in systemic lupus erythematosus h as limited imp...