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Interaction Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Shoot Micropropagation of Aromatic Plant Origanum elongatum (Bonnet) Emberger &Maire

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第8期13卷 1126-1144页

作者： Rajae Benkaddour Naouar Ben Ali Latifa Azaroual Patrick Martin ahmed lamarti Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Biology Department Faculty of Sciences Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tetouan Morocco Water Laboratory Environmental Studies and Analyzes (L2EAE) Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tetouan Morocco Université d’Artois UniLaSalle ULR7519-Unité Transformations & Agroressources F-62408 Béthune France

Origanum elongatum (Bonnet) Emb. & Maire, is a medicinal, aromatic and endemic plant of Morocco, characterized by its pharmacological effects, and is commonly used for the production of essential oils and aromas, resulting in high harvest and overexploitation pressure. This is why the present study aims to implement the in vitro micropropagation of Origanum elongatum for optimal vitroplant production. Six macroelements were tested (SH, SD, N30K, MS, MSm and B5) and the SD medium was selected for vegetative propagation of the explants. Seven cytokinins: adenine (Ad), N6-(2-Isopentenyl) adenine, zeatin (Zeat), kinetin (Kin), benzyladenine (BAP), 1,3-diphenylurea (DPU) and thidiazuron (TDZ) were then evaluated at five concentrations (0.44, 1.33, 2.22, 3.11 and 4.44 μM/L) on growth, development, budding, rooting and hyperhydricity. 0.44 μM Kin was selected and combined with three auxins: indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (AIB), and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at four concentrations (1.14, 2.85, 4.56 and 6.27 μM/L) to improve rooting and association with 1.14 μM IAA was shown to be efficient for roots development. Different concentrations of gibberellic acid (0.29, 1.5, 2.60 and 2.89 μM/L), combined with 0.44 μM/L Kin and 1.14 μM/L IAA, were tested and 2.60 μM/L GA3 gave maximum buds and shoots. Then, the combination of three polyamines at five concentrations (1.134, 3.402, 5.67, 7.938 and 11.34 μM/L) with 0.44 μM Kin and 1.14 μM/L IAA showed an increase in the number of buds and shoots for 7.938 μM/L putrescine and 3.402 μM/L spermine. Finally, seedlings with good foliar and root development were acclimatized.

关键词： Auxins Cytokinins Gibberellic Acid Macronutrients Micropropagation Polyamines Origanum elongatum

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Micropropagation and Acclimatization of Common Oregano (Origanum vulgare L. Subsp. vulgare) by Shoot Tip Culture

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第6期13卷 833-855页

作者： Rajae Benkaddour Naouar Ben Ali Ouafaa Hamdoun Alain Badoc Latifa Azaroual Patrick Martin ahmed lamarti Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Biology Department Faculty of Sciences Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tetouan Morocco Laboratoire MIB (Molécules D’Intérê t Biologique) ISVV (Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin) UMR OENO Université de Bordeaux Villenave-d’Ornon France Water Laboratory Environmental Studies and Analyzes (L2EAE) Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tetouan Morocco Université d’Artois UniLaSalle Unité Transformations & Agroressources Béthune France

Origanum vulgare L. is a commercially valued species with remarkable biological properties. It is subject to over-exploitation practices that seriously threaten its sustainability for future generations. Thus, micropropagation serves as a tool for the protection and domestication of this species. In this study, we established an in vitro vegetative propagation protocol for Origanum vulgare. This is done through the axillary bud technique by carrying out various tests. Six culture media (MS, MSm, N30K, SD, SH and B5) were tested. Therefore, SD was chosen for the following experiments. Seven cytokinins (adenine (Ad), N6-(2-isopentenyl) (2ip), zeatin (Zeat), kinetin (Kin), benzyladenine (BAP), 1,3-diphenylurea (DPU) and thidiazuron (TDZ) at 5 concentrations (0.44, 1.33, 2.22, 3.11 and 4.44 μM/L) were evaluated. Thus, Kin at 3.11 μM allowed high regeneration of vitroplants, optimal elongation, total rooting of explants, maximum bud multiplication, and absence of hyperhydric explants. In fact, the integration of auxins (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)) into the culture medium and their combinations with 3.11 μM Kinetin contributed to the optimization of the root part. Thus, it was improved in particular in the case of 3.11 μM Kin and 6.27 μM IBA. Three polyamines (Putrescine, Spermidine and Spermine) at different concentrations (1.134, 3.402, 5.67, 7.938 and 11.34 μM/L) combined at 3.11 μM Kin and 6.27 μM IBA were tested. In fact, 1.304 μM putrescine was considered to be the most suitable for in vitro culture of explants, since it allowed optimal propagation of buds and roots, also a high rate of regeneration and rhizogenesis. GA3 at 1.15 μM combined with 3.11 μM Kin and 6.27 μM IBA permitted maximum bud multiplication. The acclimatization was carried out successfully using vitroplants showing good foliar and root development. Thus, three months after acclimatization, the seedlings were tra

关键词： Auxins Cytokinins Gibberellic Acid Macronutrients Micropropagation Polyamines Origanum vulgare

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Efficient Plant Regeneration from Explants of Compact Oregano (Origanum compactum Bentham)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第10期13卷 1311-1334页

作者： Rajae Benkaddour Naouar Ben Ali Alain Badoc Ouafaa Hamdoun Ibtissam Boussaoudi Latifa Azaroual Patrick Martin ahmed lamarti Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Biology Department Faculty of Sciences Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tetouan Morocco Laboratoire MIB (Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique) ISVV (Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin) Villenaved’Ornon France Water Laboratory Environmental Studies and Analyzes (L2EAE) Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tetouan Morocco Unité Transformations & Agroressources Université d’Artois Béthune France

Origanum compactum Benth., a species endemic to Morocco characterized by its biological activities, is overexploited because of its commercial value and threatened with extinction. Accordingly, measures for its conservation are needed. Micropropagation serves as a solution for the protection and the domestication of this species. In this investigation, we established a protocol for vegetative multiplication in vitro of Origanum compactum by the axillary bud technique. Six culture media (SH, SD, N30K, MS, MSm, B5) were tested to determine the most suitable mineral medium for growth and development of explants. Four cytokinins: Kinetin, Zeatin, BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), 2ip (2-Isopentenyladenine) and three compounds with cytokinin activity: Adénine, 1,3-Diphenylurea (DPU) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) at five concentrations (0.44, 1.33, 2.22, 3.11, 4.44 μM) were tested on budding, growth, hyperhydria and rooting. Then three auxins, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and Indole butyric acid (IBA) at four concentrations (1.14, 2.85, 4.56, 6.27 μM) in presence of 2.22 μM BAP were evaluated. The combination of Gibberellic acid (0.29, 1.5, 2.60, 2.89 μM GA3) and three polyamines (Putrescine, Spermidine, Spermine) at five concentrations (1.134, 3.402, 5.67, 7.938, 11.34 μM) with cytokinins and auxins were considered. Our results show that Margara medium is the most efficient and BAP at 2.22 μM is the best cytokinin for development of the aerial parts, with a regeneration rate of 88, 90%;rhizogenesis is successful with the combination of 6.27 μM IAA and 2.22 μM BAP. Moreover, the integration of 2.89 μM GA3 with 2.22 μM BAP and 6.27 μM IAA promotes vitroplant growth, bud and shoot multiplication and elongation of the aerial part. The addition of polyamines with 2.22 μM BAP and 6.27 μM IAA does not improve the root part, but Spermine at 5.67 μM promotes bud and shoot multiplication with a high percentage of regeneration, and spermidine at

关键词： Auxins Cytokinins Gibberellic Acid Macronutrients Micropropagation Polyamines Origanum compactum

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In VitroGermination and Plantlet Establishment of Wild Chamomile of Morocco Cladanthus mixtus(L.) Oberpr. and Vogt

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第18期5卷 2623-2632页

作者： Naima Harras ahmed lamarti Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et d’Amélioration des Plantes Département de Biologie Faculté des Sciences M’Hannech II Tétouan Maroc

In vitro seeds germination and plantlets establishment of Cladanthus mixtus (L.) Oberpr. and Vogt were studied in this report. A reliable protocol was developed for in vitro seed germination, multiplication and plantlet regeneration of Cladanthus mixtus. The seeds were sterilized and cultured in different media. Among the two basal media evaluated for symbiotic seed germination, gelled distilled water was found to be the best with a high percentage of seeds germination (100%) after 33 hours of culture. Seedlings were further transferred to different types of media. Result observed after 4 weeks showed that MS medium promotes the highest growth with an average of 2.75 ± 0.12 cm shoot length and 2.60 ± 0.29 shoots per explants, and the mean number of roots achieved 3.33 ± 0.17 root per explants with a length of 2.42 ± 0.16 cm. This study showed that macroelements of MS (1962) medium is essential for in vitro shoot multiplication, growth and rooting of shoots of Cladanthus mixtus L.

关键词： Asymbiotic Seed Germination In Vitro Propagation Basal Media Cladanthus mixtus (L.)

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Macronutrients Effect on Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis of Moroccan Cork Oak (Quercus suberL.)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第13期5卷 1851-1861页

作者： Naouar Ben Ali ahmed lamarti Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences-Tetouan Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tetouan Morocco

To define the preliminary embryogenesis culture conditions of Moroccan Cork Oak (Quercus suber L.) in secondary propagation systems, secondary embryos formation from primary embryos were analyzed using seven macronutrient medias: (Chalupa) (BTM), Murashige and Skoog (MS), Schenk and Hildebrant (SH), Schenk and Hildebrant with half content macronutrients (SH ?), full Gamborg (G), Margara (N30K) and Woody Plant Media(WPM). Mature primary embryos at cotyledonal stage of 8 - 10 mm, were placed in each culture medium, and supplemented with 30 g/l of glucose and 7 g/l of agar without PGR. The experimental design consisted of a Petri dish containing three embryos explants. Each one of the seven treatments was composed of ten Petri dishes. Mean number of secondary somatic embryos, clusters and new embryogenic formation on clusters were recorded after 8 weeks, and evaluated by statistical analysis. There were no significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in clusters and new embryos on clusters formation among evaluated media;but mean number of secondary embryos was significantly higher in N30K (4.37 ± 0.48) compared with control media (1.37 ± 0.15). The morphology of secondary embryos grown in the N30K medium exclusively showed the presence of three embryogenic stages: early cotyledonal with translucide aspect, white opaque, or green, and mature embryos. These results indicate that the medium do influence the morphogenic characteristics of produced embryos. Our finding revealed that secondary somatic embryos produced in N30K medium presented better morphogenic potential, with different stages of embryogenic formation.

关键词： Quercus suber L. Somatic Embryogenesis Secondary Embryos Mamora Morocco

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Determination of Polyphenols Content in Carob Pulp from Wild and Domesticated Moroccan Trees

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第14期7卷 1937-1951页

作者： Brahim El Bouzdoudi Zineb Nejjar El Ansari Ionel Mangalagiu Dorina Mantu Alain Badoc ahmed lamarti Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Biology Department Faculty of Sciences Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tetouan Morocco Laboratory of Chemical Structure Analysis Organic Chemistry Department Faculty of chemistry “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University Iasi Romania Axe MIB (Molécules d’Intérêt Biologique) Unité de Recherche Enologie EA 4577 USC 1366 INRA UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Université de Bordeaux ISVV (Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin) Villenave-d’Ornon France

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) fruit pulp from 12 wild and 8 domesticated trees from 15 Moroccan localities were investigated for their polyphenols contents: total polyphenols content (53.22 - 118.04 mg and 57.46 - 183.31 mg), total flavonoids (1.41 - 4.83 mg and 1.62 - 7.46 mg) and condensed tannins (1.47 - 7.36 mg and 1.85 - 6.66 mg) in one carob fresh pulp for wild and domesticated trees, respectively. Fruit pulp from trees in the same region shows variable contents in polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins.

关键词： Ceratonia siliqua L. Carob Pulp Wild Tree Domesticated Tree Polyphenols

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Effect of Cytokinins on the Micropropagation of Carob(Ceratonia siliqua L.)through Shoot Tip Culture

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第9期10卷 1469-1481页

作者： Rabah Saidi Safaa Rahmouni Zineb Nejjar El Ansari Abdelfettah Maouni Alain Badoc ahmed lamarti Department of Matter and Life Sciences High Normal SchoolMartilMorocco Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Biology DepartmentFaculty of SciencesAbdelmalek Essaadi UniversityTetouanMorocco Axe MIB(Molecules d’Interet Biologique) Unite de Recherche(Enologie EA 4577USC 1366 INRA)UFR des Sciences PharmaceutiquesUniversite de BordeauxISVV(Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin)BordeauxFrance

In order to determine the most suitable cytokinin for the micropropagation of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.), the effect of four cytokinins: BAP, zeatin, kinetin and 2-iP, was tested on explants derived from young seedlings of seven days. Organogenesis is better in the presence of BAP (0.5 mg/l), while buds growth is favored by zeatin (0.5 mg/l). The combination of the most suitable cytokinin (BAP at 0.5 mg/l) with IBA improves the caulogenesis when the concentration of this latter is low (0.1 mg/l);high concentrations of IBA have an inhibitory effect on elongation and neoformation of shoots and leaves. The multiplication and growth of shoots are more favorable on WPM medium in the presence of BAP (0.5 and 1 mg/l) alone or combined with 0.5 mg/l with GA3, while rooting is mainly favored by IBA, especially at 2 mg/l.

关键词： Carob Ceratonia siliqua L. Cytokinins Shoot Tip Culture

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Evaluation of Plant Growth Promoting Ability of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bc2 and Trichoderma harzianum TR In Vivo

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第3期11卷 247-259页

作者： Rababe Es-Soufi Houda Tahiri Aicha El Oualkadi Latifa Azaroual Patrick Martin Alain Badoc ahmed lamarti Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Biology DepartmentFaculty of SciencesAbdelmalek Essaadi UniversityTetouanMorocco INRA-CRRA-Tangier TangerMorocco Water Laboratory Environmental Studies and Analyzes(L2EAE)Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceAbdelmalek Essaadi UniversityTétouanMorocco Artois University UniLaSalleULR7519-Transformations&Agro Resources UnitBéthuneFrance MIB(Molecules of Biological Interest) Research Unit(Enology EA 4577USC 1366 INRA)UFR of Pharmaceutical SciencesBordeaux UniversityISVV(Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences)BordeauxFrance

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bc2 and Trichderma harzianum TR were used to evaluate their growth-promoting activity on cultivated strawberries, under laboratory and field conditions, and we have noticed that the percentage of achene germination is important for ones treated with TR (=97%) followed by those treated with Bc2 strain (=90%) and the control (=84%). Inoculations on field showed that on untreated soil with insecticide, TR is effective and allows the development of plants and extends the duration of flowering and fruiting. On treated soil, Bc2 clearly promotes the growth and development of strawberry seedlings and its role as plant growth promoting microorganisms has been proved.

关键词： Plant Growth Promoting Strawberry PGPM Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Trichoderma harzianum

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In Vitro Antagonistic Activity of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against Colletotrichum acutatum

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Advances in Microbiology 2020年第3期10卷 82-94页

作者： Rababe Es-Soufi Houda Tahiri Latifa Azaroual Aïcha El Oualkadi Patrick Martin Alain Badoc ahmed lamarti Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Biology DepartmentFaculty of SciencesAbdelmalek Essaadi UniversityTetouanMorocco INRA-CRRA-Tangier 78.bd.Sidi Mohamed Ben AbdellahTangerMorocco Water Laboratory Environmental Studies and Analyzes(L2EAE)Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceAbdelmalek Essaadi UniversityTétouanMorocco Artois University UniLaSalleULR7519-Transformations&Agroressources UnitBéthuneFrance MIB(Molecules of Biological Interest) Research Unit(Enology EA 4577USC 1366 INRA)UFR of Pharmaceutical SciencesBordeaux UniversityISVV(Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences)BordeauxFrance

Biological control of plant diseases makes extensive use of the antagonists. The effectiveness of the control depends on the choice of an effective antagonist strains from criteria of implying a good knowledge of biological peculiarities of the material used. In this study, the antagonistic activities of nine isolates of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and one isolate of Trichoderma harzianum were tested in vitro against seven strains of Colletotrichum acutatum, the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose. It was found that T. harzianum and B. amyloliquefaciens strains showed the ability to inhibit the mycelial growth of the pathogen by dual culture technique by more than 50 percent. The nonvolatile substances produced by the antagonists showed high inhibition percentages that are more than 99 percent, meanwhile their volatile compounds inhibited the mycelial growth of C. acutatum strains with low inhibition percentages starting from 30 percent except the substances produced by B. amyloliquefaciens Bc2 that showed a high inhibition percentage of more than 70 percent.

关键词： Biocontrol Antagonism Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Trichoderma harzianum Anthracnose Colletotrichum acutatum

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Biocontrol Potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bc2 and Trichoderma harzianum TR against Strawberry Anthracnose under Laboratory and Field Conditions

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Agricultural Sciences 2020年第3期11卷 260-277页

作者： Rababe Es-Soufi Houda Tahiri Latifa Azaroual Aicha El Oualkadi Patrick Martin Alain Badoc ahmed lamarti Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology Biology DepartmentFaculty of SciencesAbdelmalek Essaadi UniversityTetouanMorocco INRA-CRRA-Tangier TangerMorocco Water Laboratory Environmental Studies and Analyzes(L2EAE)Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceAbdelmalek Essaadi UniversityTétouanMorocco Artois university UniLaSalleULR7519-Transformations&Agroressources UnitBéthuneFrance MIB(Molecules of Biological Interest) Research Unit(Enology EA 4577USC 1366 INRA)UFR of Pharmaceutical SciencesBordeaux UniversityISVV(Institute of Vine and Wine Sciences)BordeauxFrance

The increasingly strict regulation of the use of phytosanitary products and the will of the populations to move towards sustainable development allow bio-sourced products and more particularly for biocontrol in the field of pesticides to progress. The study carried out here concerns the evaluation of the potency of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bc2 and Trichoderma harzianum to fight against strawberry cultures infected with anthracnose (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). The studies were carried out in the laboratory and in the field. The results indicate that B. amyloliquefaciens Bc2 and Trichoderma harzianum TR are effective for the biological control of anthracnose, gray mold and powdery mildew on strawberries grown in field conditions. The increase in plant size and the number of fruits produced with these control agents has also been observed.

关键词： Biocontrol Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Trichoderma harzianum Strawberry Anthracnose Colletotrichum acutatum

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