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Towards hepatitis C virus elimination:Egyptian experience,achievements and limitations

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第38期24卷 4330-4340页

作者： Dalia Omran Mohamed Alboraie Rania A Zayed Mohamed-Naguib Wifi Mervat Naguib Mohamed Eltabbakh Mohamed Abdellah ahmed fouad sherief Sahar Maklad Heba Hamdy Eldemellawy Omar Khalid Saad Doaa Mohamed Khamiss Mohamed El Kassas Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatology Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11651Egypt Department of Endemic Medicine Faculty of MedicineHelwan UniversityCairo 11599Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Al-Azhar UniversityCairo 11651Egypt Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11651Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11599Egypt Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of MedicineAin Shams UniversityCairo 11566Egypt National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute Cairo 11599Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of MedicineBeni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef 62511Egypt Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams UniversityCairo 11566Egypt Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology El-monera hospitalMinistry of HealthCairo 11562Egypt

Worldwide, more than one million people die each year from hepatitis C virus(HCV) related diseases, and over 300 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B or C. Egypt used to be on the top of the countries with heavy HCV burden. Some countries are making advances in elimination of HCV, yet multiple factors preventing progress; remain for the majority. These factors include lack of global funding sources for treatment, late diagnosis, poor data, and inadequate screening. Treatment of HCV in Egypt has become one of the top national priorities since 2007. Egypt started a national treatment program intending to provide cure for Egyptian HCV-infected patients. Mass HCV treatment program had started using Pegylated interferon and ribavirin between 2007 and 2014. Yet, with the development of highly-effective direct acting antivirals(DAAs) for HCV, elimination of viral hepatitis has become a real possibility. The Egyptian National Committee for the Control of Viral Hepatitis did its best to provide Egyptian HCV patients with DAAs. Egypt adopted a strategy that represents a model of care that could help other countries with high HCV prevalence rate in their battle against HCV. This review covers the effects of HCV management in Egyptian real life settings and the outcome of different treatment protocols. Also, it deals with the current and future strategies for HCV prevention and screening as well as the challenges facing HCV elimination and the prospect of future eradication of HCV.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Egypt Direct acting antivirals screening elimination Limitations

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Novel insights into the impact of liver inflammatory responses on primary liver cancer development

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Liver Research 2023年第1期7卷 26-34页

作者： Yeni Ait-ahmed fouad Lafdil Universite Paris-Est UMR-S955UPECCreteilFrance Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale(INSERM) U955CreteilFrance Institut Universitaire de France(IUF) ParisFrance

Primary liver cancers rank among the deadliest cancers worldwide and often develop in patients with chronic liver diseases in an inflammatory *** review highlights recent reports on the mechanisms of inflammatory-mediated hepatic cell transformation that trigger the tumorigenic process(initiation steps)and the impact of the immune response favoring tumor cell expansion(progression steps).Several cytokines,namely interleukin(IL)-6,IL-17,IL-1beta,and tumor necrosis factor-alpha,have been described to play a prominent role in the initiation of liver ***,inflammation contributes to cancer progression by favoring tumor escape from anti-tumor immune response,angiogenesis,and metastasis through tumor growth factor-beta and matrix metalloprotease *** recent studies allowed the development of novel therapeutic strategies aiming at regulating liver *** strategies are based on the use of anti-inflammatory agents,antibodies targeting immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed death ligand 1 and molecules targeting angiogenic factors,metastasis key factors,and microRNAs involved in tumor *** review aims at summarizing the recent studies reporting different mechanisms by which the liver inflammatory responses could contribute to liver cancer development.

关键词： Liver inflammation Primary liver cancers Cytokines Immunotherapy MicroRNA(miRNA,miR)

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Effect of Aging on the Toughness of Austenitic and Duplex Stainless Steel Weldments

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2010年第9期26卷 810-816页

作者： Omyma Hassan Ibrahim Ibrahim Soliman Ibrahim Tarek ahmed fouad Khalifa Metallurgy Dept. Nuclear Research CentreAtomic Energy Authority(Egypt) Nuclear Safety Centre Atomic Energy Authority(Egypt) Shoubra Faculty of Engineering Benha University

In the present study,the effect of aging heat treatment at 650,750,and 850？C on the impact toughness of 316L austenitic stainless steel,2205 duplex stainless steel and their weldments has been *** process was conducted using the TIG（tungsten inert gas） welding *** impact testing,at room temperature,was employed to determine the effect of aging treatment on the impact properties of investigated *** treatment resulted in degradation in the impact toughness as demonstrated by the reduction in the impact fracture energy and deformation parameters（strain hardening capacity,fracture deffection,and crack initiation and propagation energy）.The degree of embrittlement was more noticeable in duplex stainless steel parent and weld-metal than in 316L stainless steel and became greater with the increase of aging *** degradation in impact toughness was discussed in relation to the observed precipitation of the intermetallic sigma phase in the microstructure of the stainless steel weldments and the corresponding fracture surface morphology.

关键词： Austenitic and duplex stainless steels Aging Instrumented impact Toughness

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Assessment of dielectric strength and partial discharges patterns in nanocomposites insulation of single-core power cables

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Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2021年第4期11卷 64-73页

作者： ahmed Thabet M.fouad Nanotechnology Research Center Electrical Engineering Dept.Faculty of Energy Engineering Aswan University AswanEgypt Electrical Engineering Dept.College of Engineering and Information Technology Buraydah Colleges KSA Hydro Power Plant Generation Company Nag Hammadi Hydro Power Plant QenaEgypt

Nanoparticles succeeded to enhance the dielectric properties of industrial insulation but the presence of voids inside the power cable insulation still leads to formation high electrical stress inside power cable insulation material and *** this paper,the dielectric strength of new design nanocomposites has been deduced as experimental work done to clarify the benefit of filling nanoparticles with different patterns inside ***,it has been studied the effect of electrical stress distribution in presence of air,water and copper impurities with different shapes(cylinder,sphere and ellipse)inside insulation of single *** simulation model,it has been used finite element method(FEM)for estimating the electrostatic field distribution in power cable *** has been applied new strategies of nanotechnology techniques for designing innovative polyvinyl chloride insula-tion materials by using nanocomposites and ***,this research succeeded to remedy different partial discharges(PD)patterns according to using certain types and concentrations of nanoparticles.

关键词： Partial discharges dielectric strength single core cables FEM nanocomposites nanoparticles

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Role of biomarkers in the prediction and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Hepatology 2015年第23期7卷 2474-2481页

作者： Mahmoud Khattab Magdy fouad Elham ahmed Internal Medicine Depart-ment Minia University Tropical Medicine Department Minia University

The prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has progressively increased in recent years and is now thefifth and the second most common cancer in the World and in Egypt,*** work has focused in the development of assays for detecting hepatic carcinogensis before the observance of hepatic focal *** attention has been directed towards HCC-specific biomarkers for use in the early diagnosis of HCC and in the confirmation of radiological *** a number of biomarkers have been identified,none have been considered reliable indicators of early HCC *** review presents a few of the most relevant HCC biomarkers and suggests improvements to the accuracy of diagnostic assays through their combined ***,we present an algorithm for the biomarker-based diagnosis of HCC and highlight its important role in the early prediction of HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Epidemiology Pathogenesis

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Impact of the injected water salinity on oil recovery from sandstone formations:Application in an Egyptian oil reservoir

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Petroleum 2022年第1期8卷 53-65页

作者： M.fouad Snosy Mahmoud Abu El Ela ahmed El-Banbi Helmy Sayyouh General Petroleum Company Egypt Cairo University Egypt The American University in Cairo Egypt

In the last decade,there has been an increasing interest in understanding the effects of changing injected water salinity on the performance of oil *** paper aims to investigate the effects of injected water salinity on oil recovery of an Egyptian oil reservoir(Bahariya formation).An experimental work program has been performed using 25 core plugs and 5 different water salinities to study the effects of changing water salinity during both secondary and tertiary stages of *** objectives of the experimental work were to(1)investigate the effects of the low water salinity on oil recovery and(2)identify the optimum water salinity and the main reservoir parameters for application of low salinity waterflooding project(LSWF)in Bahariya *** results revealed that there is an optimum salinity for waterflooding in the secondary flooding ***,for the tertiary flooding stage,the results showed that the controlling factor is not decreasing the salinity,but rather changing the salinity(*** increasing or decreasing).It was also clear that applying the optimum salinity in the secondary recovery stage is more effective than applying it in the tertiary recovery ***,the results showed that the positive impact of LSWF may be expected in reservoirs with high amount of kaolinite,high values of CEC,and low amounts of plagioclase *** study is an original contribution to develop guidelines for designing optimum salinity waterflooding projects in sandstone reservoirs.

关键词： Low salinity Waterflooding LSWF Sandstone Bahariya formation Western desert

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Nutritional requirements of meat-type and egg-type ducks: what do we know?

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 24-34页

作者： ahmed Mohamed fouad Dong Ruan Shuang Wang Wei Chen Weiguang Xia Chuntian Zheng Institute of Animal Science Guangdong Academy of Agricultural ScienceKey Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science(South China)of Ministry of AgricultureState Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry BreedingGuangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition Department of Animal Production Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University

The demand for duck meat, duck eggs, and associated products is increasing each year. Classic and modern selection programs have been applied to enhance the economic traits of ducks to satisfy the requirements of consumers and enhance the incomes of producers. The nutritional requirements of unselected ducks may not be adequate, however, to fulfill the potential productivity performance of modern birds, including both meat-type and egg-type ducks. In particular, an imbalanced diet is associated with low productive performance and signs of nutritional deficiency（if insufficient nutrients are supplied）, as well as with high feed costs and manure problems that reflect flock health and welfare（if excessive nutrients are supplied）. Thus, the main aim of this review is to summarize the results of previous studies that estimated the nutrient requirements of meat-type and egg-type ducks in order to evaluate current knowledge and to identify further issues that need to be addressed. In addition,the results obtained in previous studies are compared in order to understand how to lower commercial feed costs,fulfill the genetic potential of selected ducks, protect the environment from pollution, and satisfy the welfare and health needs of ducks.

关键词： Ducks Nutritional requirements

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Role of the injected water salinity and ion concentrations on the oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs

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Petroleum Research 2022年第3期7卷 394-400页

作者： M.fouad Snosy Mahmoud Abu El Ela ahmed El-Banbi Helmy Sayyouh Petroleum Engineer General Petroleum CompanyEgypt Professor of Petroleum Engineering Cairo UniversityEgypt Professor of Petroleum Engineering The American University in CairoEgypt

Low salinity water flooding(LSWF)was initially considered using water with a low concentration of dissolved salts and was later extended to include modifying the ionic content of injected *** work investigates the effects of changing water salinity and composition along with the concentration of sulfate and iodide ions on oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs during the tertiary recovery *** experimental study was carried out using crude oil of 29°API,8 core samples extracted from the Eocene carbonate reservoir(Egypt),and 6 different water *** results showed additional oil recovery up to 5%of the original oil in place(OOIP)in the tertiary recovery stage with changing water salinity and water *** of high salinity(HS)and low salinity(LS)brines with high sulfate concentrations increased the incremental oil recovery by a value ranging from 1.7 to 3.8%of the *** the contrary,injection of HS and LS brines with low sulfate concentrations showed insignificant incremental oil recovery(less than 1%of the OOIP).Furthermore,injection of water with potassium iodide(KI)after injection of water with high sulfate brines showed additional oil recovery of about 1.7%of the *** the other hand,injection of water with KI after injection of water with low sulfate concentration showed insignificant incremental oil recovery(less than 0.4%of the OOIP).The concentration of sulfate in the injected water appeared to be key parameter to achieve effective waterflooding(WF)projects in carbonate ***,the results revealed that the multi-component ion exchange(MIE)mechanism seems to be the primary recovery mechanism for LSWF in carbonate *** results and conclusions of this study can be used to develop guidelines for designing waterflooding projects in carbonate reservoirs with optimum salinity.

关键词： Low salinity waterflooding Carbonate reservoirs Waterflooding LSWF

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MAFLD Not NAFLD is Associated with Impairment of Health-related Quality of Life

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第1期10卷 4-5页

作者： Dina Attia Nadia Abdel Aty ahmed Shawket Ebada Said Yasser fouad Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endemic MedicineFaculty of MedicineBeni-Suef UniversityEgypt Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endemic MedicineFaculty of MedicineAin Shams UniversityEgypt Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endemic MedicineFaculty of MedicineAssiut UniversityEgypt Depart-ment of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endemic MedicineFaculty of MedicineBenha UniversityEgypt Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endemic MedicineFaculty of MedicineMinia UniversityEgypt

Citation of this article:Attia D,Aty NA,Shawket A,Said E,fouad *** Not NAFLD is Associated with Impairment of Health-related Quality of Life.J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022;10(1):***:10.14218/*** the Editor,We read with great interest the article by Yu et al.1 who reported that the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)criteria are more practical and im-prove the identification of high-risk patients with fatty liver disease compared with the previous nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)criteria.

关键词： NAFLD Quality MAF

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Tumor characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma after direct-acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C: Comparative analysis with antiviral therapy-naive patients

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第11期13卷 1743-1752页

作者： Magdy fouad Mohamed El Kassas Elham ahmed Reem El Sheemy Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Minia UniversityMinia 61519Egypt Department of Endemic Medicine Faculty of MedicineHelwan UniversityCairo 11795Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Minia UniversityMinia 61519Egypt Department of Tropical Medicine Minia UniversityMinia 61111Egypt

BACKGROUND Insufficient and contradictory data are available about the relation between directacting antivirals(DAAs)and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)development in patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV).AIM To analyze differences in basic clinical,radiological,and laboratory characteristics in addition to tumor behavior upon HCC diagnosis between patients with and without a previous history of DAAs *** This multicenter case-control study included 497 patients with chronic HCVrelated HCC,allocated into one of two groups according to their history of antiviral treatment for their *** Group I included 151 HCC patients with a history of DAAs,while 346 patients who had never been treated with DAAs were assigned to group II.A significant difference was observed between both groups regarding basic assessment scores(Child,MELD,and BCLC),which tended to have more advanced liver disease and HCC stage upon diagnosis in group ***,serum albumin was significantly affected,and serumα-fetoprotein was significantly higher in group II(P<0.001).In addition,group I showed significant HCC multicentricity than group II,while the incidence of portal vein thrombosis was significantly higher in group I(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The basic clinical scores and laboratory characteristics of HCC patients are advanced in patients who are naïve to DAAs treatment;however,HCC behavior is more aggressive in DAA-treated patients.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Direct-acting antiviral treatment Hepatitis C Tumor behavior Occurrence

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